scholarly journals Uveitis Among Children Living with HIV / AIDS in Kinshasa, RD Congo: A Case Series

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Nadine Nsiangani Lusambo ◽  
Nadine Nsiangani Lusambo ◽  
Dieudonné Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Retinal Vasculitis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Peripheral Retina ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Purpose: To report the clinical features of a series of children living with HIV / AIDS (CLWHA) with uveitis. Methods: This was a case series of CLWHA and who had a diagnosis of uveitis examined from November 2010 to April 2011 in five sanitary structures in Kinshasa. For each child, anamnestic elements were collected. Each child underwent an ophthalmological examination including visual acuity measurement, slit lamp examination and fundus examination after dilation. Results: 15 CLWAH presented with uveitis out of a series of 100 CLWHA examined. Fourteen of the children with uveitis were already on treatment and had normal immune status, the only child who had not yet started treatment had a severe immune deficiency. Retinal vasculitis was the most common disorder in 8 children. It was asymptomatic and mainly concerned the veins on the peripheral retina. Four children presented with chorioretinal scars of unknown etiology. HIV-related microangiopathy was found in 2 children. Unilateral anterior uveitis was the only symptomatic involvement, found in the child who were not on treatment. Conclusion: Uveitis is common in African CLWHA. Retinal vasculitis of unknown etiology appears to be the most common clinical manifestation in this population. Antiretroviral therapy seems to decrease the frequency of sight-threatening conditions.

scholarly journals Kaposi’s sarcoma in persons living with HIV/AIDS: a case series in a tertiary referral hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-528
Author(s):  
Carla Andréa Avelar Pires ◽  
Marcos Antonio Neves Noronha ◽  
Julius Caesar Mendes Soares Monteiro ◽  
Albert Luiz Costa da Costa ◽  
José Maria de Castro Abreu Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Referral ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Retinal vasculitis

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Shrestha ◽  
D Khadka ◽  
G Lamichhane ◽  
S Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Retinal Vasculitis ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Peripheral Retina ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Eales Disease ◽  
Primary Vasculitis

Retinal vasculitis is an idiopathic inflammatory venous occlusion primarily affecting the peripheral retina of otherwise healthy young adults. Eales' disease is recognized as primary vasculitis of unknown etiology occurring in young adults. This article aims at the overall review of the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentations, pathology, management and prognosis of retinal vasculitis. Key words: Retinal vasculitis; Eales' disease DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v1i1.3675 Nep J Oph 2009;1(1):66-71

scholarly journals The Epidemiology Pattern of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquire Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Diagnostic, Transmission and Prevention in Nigeria-Past and Present

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-50
Author(s):  
C. E. Oguh ◽  
E. N. O. Obiwulu ◽  
I. M. Sheshi ◽  
S. E. Ameh ◽  
C. O. Okpaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Acquire Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Human immune Virus/Acquire immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic is one of the major public health challenges faced by Nigeria. The review present the Epidemiology of Human immune Virus/Acquire immune deficiency syndrome, diagnostic and Prevention in Nigeria. The method use was based on the data obtain in Nigeria. Nigeria’s first two AIDS cases were diagnosed in 1985 in Lagos. Today, Nigeria’s epidemic is characterized as one the most rapidly increased rates of HIV/AIDS cases in West Africa. Nigeria's population of 160 million and estimated HIV prevalence of 3.34% (2011) makes Nigeria the second highest HIV burden worldwide, with 3.2 million people living with HIV (PLHIV). Recently, it is estimated that about 3, 229, 757 people live with HIV in Nigeria and about 220, 393 new HIV infections occurred in 2013 and 210,031 died from AIDS- related causes. As of 2020 in Nigeria, the HIV prevalence rate among adults ages 15–49 was 3.1 percent Nigeria has the second-largest number of people living with HIV. In some states, the epidemic is more concentrated and driven by high-risk behaviors, while other states have more generalized epidemics that are sustained primarily by multiple sexual partnerships in the general population. HIV is spread by sexual contact with an infected person and by blood or body fluid exchange through sharing of contaminated needles or transfusions of infected blood or blood clotting factors. Infants born to HIV-infected women may become infected in gestation, during birth, or through breastfeeding. An antenatal clinic (ANC) HIV seroprevalence sentinel survey has been conducted biennially in Nigeria since 1991 to track the epidemic. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates that 3.5 million Nigerian adults and children were living with HIV/AIDS by the end of 2001. Among sex workers in Lagos, HIV prevalence rose from 2 percent in 1988–89 to 12 percent in 1990–91. By 1995–96, up to 70 percent of sex workers tested positive. As a result of the epidemic, the crude death rate in Nigeria was about 20 percent higher in 2000 than in 1990. In 2019, 170,000 adults and children died of AIDS and UNAIDS estimated that 1 million children orphaned by AIDS were living in Nigeria. The main thrust of HIV prevention strategies in Nigeria is based on the following: Information, Education, and Communication; Condom Promotion; Behavior Change; and Vaccine Development.

scholarly journals Predictors of mortality among adult people living with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy at Suhul Hospital, Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kebede Haile Misgina ◽  
Meresa Gebremedhin Weldu ◽  
Tewodros Haile Gebremariam ◽  
Negassie Berhe Weledehaweria ◽  
Haileslasie Berhane Alema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Predictors Of Mortality ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Ethiopia is striving to achieve a goal of “zero human immune deficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)-related deaths.” However, little has been documented on the factors that hamper the progress towards achieving this goal. Therefore, the ultimate aim of this study was to determine predictors of mortality among adult people living with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods A retrospective follow-up study was employed on all adult HIV/AIDS patients who started ART between January 1 and December 30, 2010, at Suhul Hospital, Tigrai Region, Northern Ethiopia. Data were collected by trained fourth-year Public Health students using a checklist. Finally, the collected data were entered into SPSS version 16. Then after, Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate survival probability, the log-rank test was used for comparing the survival status, and Cox proportional hazards model were applied to determine predictors of mortality. Results The median follow-up period was 51 months (ranging between 1 and 60 months, inter-quartile range (IQR) = 14 months). At the end of follow-up, 37 (12.5%) patients were dead. The majority of these cumulative deaths, 19 (51.4%) and 29 (78.4%), occurred within 3 and 4 years of ART initiation respectively. Consuming alcohol (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.15, 4.32), low body weight (AHR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.03, 5.54), presence of opportunistic infections (AHR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.09, 4.37), advanced WHO clinical stage (AHR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.36, 5.58), and not receiving isoniazid prophylactic therapy (AHR = 3.00, 95% CI = 1.33, 6.74) were found to be independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion The overall mortality was very high. Baseline alcohol consumption, low body weight, advanced WHO clinical stage, the presence of opportunistic infections, and not receiving isoniazid prophylactic therapy were predictors of mortality. Strengthening behavioral and nutritional counseling with close clinical follow-up shall be given much more emphasis in the ART care and support program.

scholarly journals Spiritual Well-Being, Depressive Symptoms, and Immune Status Among Women Living with HIV/AIDS

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 119-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiya George Dalmida ◽  
Marcia McDonnell Holstad ◽  
Colleen Diiorio ◽  
Gary Laderman
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Dermatological Manifestations of HIV/AIDS Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
Lubna Khondker
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/ AIDS) is a global pandemic. According to Global HIV & AIDS statistics 2018, approximately 36.9 million people are living with HIV globally, 77.3 million [59.9 million–100 million] people have become infected with HIV since the start of the epidemic, 35.4 million [25.0–49.9 million] people died from AIDS-related illnesses since the start of the epidemic and 940000 [670000–1.3 million] people died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2017. It weakens a person’s immune system by destroying important cells that fight disease and infection. Dermatologic diseases are common in the HIV-infected population. Skin disease can be uniquely associated with HIV disease and many of the cutaneous diseases are not unique to this group, but the presentation can be more severe and recalcitrant to treatment. The spectrum of skin conditions includes skin findings associated with primary HIV infection and a broad range of skin problems related to the immune deficiency of advanced AIDS. Recognition of characteristic eruptions can facilitate early diagnosis of HIV. A broad variety of neoplastic, infectious and non-infectious diseases can manifest in the skin and may alert the clinician of declining of the immune system. This article reviews the current spectrum of HIV-associated skin conditions, focusing on common complaints, infections, drugassociated toxicity and malignancies based on recently published literature relevant to this area. J Enam Med Col 2019; 9(3): 185-188

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