Consequences of the functional interpretations of psychological terms

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Angelo Strapasson ◽  
Kester Carrara ◽  
Jair Lopes Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Behavior ◽  
Behavior Analysis ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
The Past ◽  
Behavior Analysts ◽  
Operational Interpretation

The Behavior Analysis (BA) has benefited in the past and continues to benefit from a specific kind of operational interpretations of terms/expressions developed in other systems of Psychology and similar areas. The Skinnerian model of the operational interpretation of terms of other theories consists of the analysis of the context where theoreticians and researchers emit the analyzed terms/expressions. Therefore, these interpretations are analysis of the verbal behavior of psychologists. Innumerable examples of this practice can be found in the workmanship of Skinner and are recurrent in diverse periodics of the BA. In this article we argue the implications of these analyses for the survival of the BA as a cultural practice, for the conceptual, theoretical, and technological perfectioning of the BA and for teaching BA. Based on these analyses, it can be argued that the interpretation of terms of other theories should be considered an important program of research and should receive greater attention from the behavior analysts.

Islam: The Arabic and Persian Traditions, Eleventh–Fifteenth Centuries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Hirschler
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Abbasid Caliphate ◽  
Middle Period ◽  
Early Islamic

This chapter deals with how the Islamic historical writing of the Middle Period developed directly from the early Islamic tradition, and its legacy remained deeply inscribed into the ways history was written and represented between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries. However, as historians started to develop new styles and new genres, they turned to previously neglected aspects of the past, their social profile changed, and the writing of history became a more self-conscious, and to some degree self-confident, cultural practice. Most importantly, those issues that had motivated earlier historians, such as the legitimacy of the Abbasid Caliphate, declined in significance and historians of the Middle Period turned to new and more diverse subjects.

Why behavior should matter to linguists

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Charles Catania
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Behavior ◽  
Behavior Analysis ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Structural Dimensions

Jackendoff's Foundations of Language: Brain, Meaning, Grammar, Evolution has many points of similarity with Skinner's analysis of verbal behavior, though the former emphasizes structure whereas the latter emphasizes function. The parallels are explored in the context of a selectionist account of behavior in general and of verbal behavior in particular. Part of the argument is that behavior drives evolution and therefore also drives brain organization. Another concerns itself with the nature of explanation. Recent experimental developments in behavior analysis are reviewed as potential contributions to an understanding of language that incorporates its functional as well as structural dimensions.

scholarly journals Concerns About ABA-Based Intervention: An Evaluation and Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin B. Leaf ◽  
Joseph H. Cihon ◽  
Ronald Leaf ◽  
John McEachin ◽  
Nicholas Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Behavior Analysis ◽  
Applied Behavior Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Licensed Psychologists ◽  
Behavior Analysts

AbstractFor over 50 years, intervention methods informed by the principles of applied behavior analysis (ABA) have been empirically researched and clinically implemented for autistics/individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite the plethora of evidence for the effectiveness of ABA-based interventions, some autism rights and neurodiversity activists have expressed concerns with ABA-based interventions. Concerns have included discontent with historical events and possible harm from the procedures and goals targeted. The purpose of this manuscript is to examine some expressed concerns about ABA-based intervention and suggest productive ways of moving forward to provide the best outcomes for autistics/individuals diagnosed with ASD. The authors represent stakeholders from multiple sectors including board certified behavior analysts, licensed psychologists, parents, and autistics/individuals diagnosed with ASD.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Based Behavioral Modification

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S2) ◽  
pp. 1134-1138
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Behavior Analysis ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Behavioral Modification ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology

To build up a particular profile about a person, the study of examining the comportment is known as Behavior analysis. Initially the Behavior analysis is used in psychology and for suggesting and developing different types the application content for user then it developed in information technology. To make the applications for user's personal needs it becoming a new trends with the use of artificial intelligence (AI). in many applications like innovation to do everything from anticipating buy practices to altering a home's indoor regulator to the inhabitant's optimal temperature for a specific time of day use machine learning and artificial intelligence technology. The technique that is use to advance the rule proficiency that rely upon the past experience is known as machine learning. By utilizing the insights hypothesis it makes the numerical model, and its real work is to infer from the models gave. To take the information clearly from the data the methodology utilizes computational techniques.

scholarly journals Technology to Facilitate Telehealth in Applied Behavior Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Zoder-Martell ◽  
Andrew Markelz ◽  
Margaret T. Floress ◽  
Heather A. Skriba ◽  
Laila E. N. Sayyah
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Analysis ◽  
Applied Behavior Analysis ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Telepresence Robot ◽  
Behavior Analysts ◽  
Web Camera ◽  
Treatment Plans

Traditionally, center-based Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy is delivered in a face-to-face format across several sessions; however, given the recent COVID-19 pandemic, many behavior analysts practicing in ABA centers have temporarily been authorized to provide services using a telehealth model. This rapid change in service delivery has posed unique challenges for behavior analysts and families with loved ones who were receiving ABA services in centers or schools. Among one of the most pressing concerns is that behavior analysts commonly rely on direct observation of behavior to make data-based decisions regarding client treatment plans. The shift to a telehealth model in light of the COVID-19 pandemic requires behavior analysts to quickly adapt the manner in which many have been providing services. Although many behavior analysts may be familiar with various technologies, they may struggle to identify the benefits and limitations of each technology in terms of providing telehealth. Selecting an appropriate technology that allows behavior analysts to stay true to the science of behavior analysis is prudent. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of some available technologies to support telehealth that will allow behavior analysts to conduct direct observation from a remote location. The three technologies reviewed are 1) web camera, 2) Swivl, and 3) telepresence robot. Features of these technologies will be described and compared including benefits and drawbacks of each (see Table 1). Sample task analyses for using each technology are also provided.

Immigrant Effect in International Expansion

2012 ◽  
pp. 307-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud Oortwijn
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
International Expansion ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
The Past ◽  
Foreign Entry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entry Plans ◽  
Immigrant Effect

The key problem for commitment to international business activities is the lack of knowledge about a host country and its (business) culture. A firm’s host country experience and its history of entry patterns in other countries shape entry preferences into a foreign country (Pan, 2000; Chung, 2001; Yiu, 2002; Li, 2008). In the past decade, scholars have become aware of the effect of a specific kind of international experience within the firm: the immigrant effect (Chung, 2001; Tadesse, 2008; White, 2008; Madhavan, 2009). The present chapter reports on the role immigrants fulfil in foreign entry plans and how their involvement relates to the outcome of the foreign entry go/no-go decision. Findings confirm that among the firms that continue in entry, the presence of immigrants in the firm is relatively high. But, and this is unexpected, the same is true for firms that cancel entry plans (Oortwijn, 2010).

To Gaze Upon the Dead: The Exhibition of Human Remains as Cultural Practice and Political Process in Scandinavia and the USA

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liv Nilsson Stutz
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Small Hand ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Dead

The clattering sound of a child’s shoes across the cold stone floors; the echo is magnificent. I am nine or ten years old and I make my way through the prehistoric exhibition at the National Museum in Copenhagen. The dimly lit display cases are filled with arrowheads, heavy beads of perforated amber, funnel beakers, and bronze artefacts. I reach my goal, the alluring Bronze Age oak cists where the buried men and women from the heaths of Jutland are looking back at me. I touch the glass. My eyes wander over their reddened hair and their clothes, stained in deep shades of peat brown. My eyes seek theirs in the hollow orbits of their skulls. I close mine and imagine a life thousands of years ago. My small hand moves across the glass, leaving an almost invisible trace. Small fingerprints; a dreaming child’s gesture. I would stay there forever, dreaming of the past. Feeling it. I know that it was moments like this, when I could see and feel the humanity of the past that made me want to become an archaeologist. The immediate encounter with an individual from the past is a privileged moment. For a brief moment our destinies cross paths, and hundreds, even thousands of years are transcended. Scenes like this one, of children gazing at the dead and seeing the past, are not unusual. In museums across Europe, the archaeological findings from burials, including both the human remains and the items that accompanied the dead, are often displayed with pride and confidence. The public expects this and is drawn in with fascination to stand face-to-face with the deep past. Beyond this, the display of the dead and of death itself, with all of the allure and drama that accompany it, becomes a privileged locus for pedagogy and communication. But while this confident attitude towards the display of the dead may be typical in Europe, it is not as evident in North America. In North American museums, it is rare to see human remains from archaeological contexts displayed in any form (exception seems to be given to Egyptian mummies, which still are prominently displayed by many institutions that have them among their collections).

Measuring shear wave velocity, Vs, of a hidden layer: an application to soil improvement under roads

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Mulargia ◽  
Silvia Castellaro ◽  
Gianluca Vinco
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Source ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Rigid Surface ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
The Past ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Hidden Layer ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Soft Interface

In a number of practical cases, a typical one being the investigation of the subsoil properties below roads or foundations, one faces the problem of measuring the elastic properties of a geological layer (here called “hidden layer”) underlying a more compact and rigid surface layer. In such cases, the effectiveness of common surface seismic methods is poor for different reasons, but mostly linked to the reflection–transmission properties of the waves at a stiff-to-soft interface. Borehole methods are more efficient, but expensive and only provide vertical information at certain points. Attempts carried out in the past to characterize the hidden layer properties through surface seismic techniques consisted in placing the seismic source on the surface alongside, but off the stiff artificial layer (road or foundation). An alternative approach is presented based on placing the seismic source just below the stiff artificial layer. In cases where soil improvement–compaction are carried out through injection of expanding resins, then the hidden layer can be easily reached via the injecting tools and in some cases (e.g., urban settings characterized by laterally continuous artificial layers or roads constructed on embankments) this can be the only viable option. The results obtained from this approach using a number of practical cases where roads affected by differential sinking have later been compacted will be presented. The average soil improvement that can be achieved with the specific kind of expanding resin used in this study is then quantified.

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