The Physiological Effects of FGF21 on Alcohol Preference and Glucose Metabolism

Fat remodeling has been extensively explored through protein deacetylation, but not yet acetylation, as a viable therapeutic approach in the management of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Here, we investigated the functions of key acetyltransferases CBP/p300 in adipose remodeling and their physiological effects by generating adipose-specific deletion of CBP (Cbp-AKO), p300 (p300-AKO) and double-knockout (Cbp/p300-AKO) models. We demonstrated that Cbp-AKO exhibited marked brown remodeling of inguinal WAT (iWAT) but not epididymal WAT (eWAT) after cold exposure and that this pattern was exaggerated in diet-induced obesity (DIO). Despite this striking browning phenotype, loss of Cbp was insufficient to impact body weight or glucose tolerance. In contrast, ablation of p300 in adipose tissues had minimal effects on fat remodeling and adiposity. Surprisingly, double-knockout mice (Cbp/p300-AKO) developed severe lipodystrophy along with marked hepatic steatosis, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Furthermore, we demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of Cbp and p300 activity suppressed adipogenesis. Collectively, these data suggest that (i) CBP, but not p300, has distinct functions in regulating fat remodeling and that this occurs in a depot-selective manner; (ii) brown remodeling occurs independently of the improvements in glucose metabolism and obesity and (iii) the combined roles of CBP and p300 are indispensable for normal adipose development.

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Influence of C-Peptide on Glucose Utilisation

Experimental Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2008/769483 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2008 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

B. Wilhelm ◽

P. Kann ◽

A. Pfützner

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

No Synthase ◽

In Vitro Studies ◽

Glomerular Hyperfiltration ◽

Physiological Effects ◽

C Peptide ◽

Glucose Utilisation ◽

Endothelial Nitric Oxide

During the recent years, multiple studies demonstrated that C-peptide is not an inert peptide, but exerts important physiological effects. C-peptide binds to cell membranes, stimulates the Na,K-ATPase and the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Moreover, there is evidence that C-peptide decreases glomerular hyperfiltration and increases glucose utilisation. Nevertheless, there is still limited knowledge concerning mechanisms leading to an increased glucose utilisation either in rats or in humans. The aim of this paper is to give an overview over the published studies regarding C-peptide and glucose metabolism from in vitro studies to longer lasting studies in humans.

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Physiological Effects of Caffeine in the Rat: Extracellular Cyclic AMP Status, Growth Pattern and Glucose Metabolism in Adipose Tissue

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/111.4.658 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 111 (4) ◽

pp. 658-664 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Susan R. Parsons ◽

Michele H. Nadeau

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Cyclic Amp ◽

Growth Pattern ◽

Physiological Effects

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Perioperative insulin therapy

Asian Biomedicine ◽

10.1515/abm-2018-0014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 395-404

Author(s):

Prangmalee Leurcharusmee ◽

Guy Kositratna ◽

De Q. Tran ◽

Thomas Schricker

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Stress Response ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Surgical Outcomes ◽

Insulin Treatment ◽

Perioperative Period ◽

Glucose Variability ◽

Surgical Patients ◽

Physiological Effects ◽

Catabolic State

AbstractSurgical patients commonly develop hyperglycemia secondary to the neuroendocrine stress response. Insulin treatment of hyperglycemia is required to overcome the perioperative catabolic state and acute insulin resistance. Besides its metabolic actions on glucose metabolism, insulin also displays nonmetabolic physiological effects. Preoperative glycemic assessment, maintenance of normoglycemia, and avoidance of glucose variability are paramount to optimize surgical outcomes. This review discusses the basic physiology and effects of insulin as well as practical issues pertaining to its management during the perioperative period.

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Redox-dependent and independent effects of thioredoxin interacting protein

Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1515/hsz-2020-0181 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 401 (11) ◽

pp. 1215-1231 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiankun Cao ◽

Wenxin He ◽

Yichuan Pang ◽

Yu Cao ◽

An Qin

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Redox Regulation ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Redox System ◽

Physiological Effects ◽

Therapeutic Targeting ◽

Interacting Protein ◽

Thioredoxin Interacting Protein ◽

Disease States ◽

Independent Effects

AbstractThioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is an important physiological inhibitor of the thioredoxin (TXN) redox system in cells. Regulation of TXNIP expression and/or activity not only plays an important role in redox regulation but also exerts redox-independent physiological effects that exhibit direct pathophysiological consequences including elevated inflammatory response, aberrant glucose metabolism, cellular senescence and apoptosis, cellular immunity, and tumorigenesis. This review provides a brief overview of the current knowledge concerning the redox-dependent and independent roles of TXNIP and its relevance to various disease states. The implications for the therapeutic targeting of TXNIP will also be discussed.

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Assessing the Physiological Effects of Traditional Regional Diets Targeting the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Implementing Mediterranean, New Nordic, Japanese, Atlantic, Persian and Mexican Dietary Interventions

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13093034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 3034

Author(s):

Markos Klonizakis ◽

Alex Bugg ◽

Beatrice Hunt ◽

Xenophon Theodoridis ◽

Dimitrios P. Bogdanos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

High Risk ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Physiological Effects ◽

Anthropometric Indices ◽

Randomized Controlled

Traditional regional diets are considered as sustainable dietary patterns, while many have been examined with regard to their health benefits. The aim of the present systematic review was to aggerate all evidence on the physiological effects of regional diets among adults at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Three databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) implementing any regional diet (Mediterranean (MedD), Persian, Southern European Atlantic, Japanese, Chinese, new Nordic, or other) while examining cardiovascular risk factors among adults at increased risk. Primary outcomes included anthropometric indices and secondary outcomes involved blood lipid concentrations, glucose metabolism, inflammation and other markers of CVD progression. Twenty RCTs fulfilled the study’s criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis, with the majority implementing a MedD. Adherence to most of the regional diets induced a reduction in the BW and anthropometric indices of the participants. The majority of RCTs with blood pressure endpoints failed to note a significant reduction in the intervention compared to the comparator arm, with the exception of some new Nordic and MedD ones. Despite the interventions, inflammation markers remained unchanged except for CRP, which was reduced in the intervention groups of one new Nordic, the older Japanese, and the Atlantic diet RCTs. With regard to blood lipids, regional diet interventions either failed to induce significant differences or improved selective blood lipid markers of the participants adhering to the experimental regional diet arms. Finally, in the majority of RCTs glucose metabolism failed to improve. The body of evidence examining the effect of regional dietary patterns on CVD risk among high-risk populations, while employing an RCT design, appears to be limited, with the exception of the MedD. More research is required to advocate for the efficacy of most regional diets with regard to CVD.

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