scholarly journals Neonatal Gallstones

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Lynnette Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Fetal Ultrasound ◽  
Transcutaneous Bilirubin ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation ◽  
History Of Obesity

A term male infant was born by spontaneous vaginal delivery to a 23 year old gravida 2 para 2 mother. His weight, length, and head circumference were 2720g (8%), 47cm (6%) and 31.5cm (1%) respectively; the remainder of his physical examination was unremarkable. The pregnancy was complicated by intra-uterine growth retardation, gestational diabetes controlled with glyburide, and gestational thrombocytopenia. The mother had a past medical history of obesity, BMI of 32 (>95%), HPV infection, and atypical squamous cells of the cervix. A fetal ultrasound at 38 weeks gestational age showed echogenic foci consistent with cholelithiasis (Figure 1); a previous US at 37 weeks gestational age was normal. On routine laboratory testing the mother’s blood type was O positive and the infant’s was A+ (positive). His transcutaneous bilirubin was 4.3 mg/dL at 36 hours of life. Both mother and son were discharged after two days without problem.

SOMATOMEDIN-LIKE ACTIVITY IN PLASMA AFTER FOETAL HYPOPHYSECTOMY OR NEPHRECTOMY AND IN EXPERIMENTAL INTRA-UTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION IN SHEEP

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. FALCONER ◽  
J. M. FORBES ◽  
I. C. HART ◽  
J. S. ROBINSON ◽  
G. D. THORBURN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Costal Cartilage ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

SUMMARY Plasma samples from pregnant ewes and their foetuses during the last quarter of gestation were assayed for somatomedin-like activity (SLA) using the porcine costal cartilage assay. In maternal plasma, the mean potency (compared with pooled serum from six sheep) was 0·84 ± 0·05 (s.e.m.) units/ml (n = 15). Somatomedin-like activity in the plasma of five control foetuses (0·91 ± 0·1 units/ml) was similar to the maternal levels and did not change with gestational age. After foetal hypophysectomy the SLA in foetal plasma (0·37 ± 0·05 units/ ml, n = 4) was significantly less than in control animals. In two nephrectomized foetuses, the mean SLA in plasma (0·08 and 0·51 units/ml respectively) was less than in control animals. Retardation of intra-uterine foetal growth was induced by removal of endometrial caruncles before pregnancy in four sheep. The SLA in plasma from these foetuses was 0·38 ± 0·05 units/ml (P< 0·01 v. control animals). The results suggest that SLA in the foetus may be important in the regulation of foetal growth, but they also indicate that factors other than growth hormone may be important in the control of SLA in foetal plasma.

PLASMA VOLUME STUDIES IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1020-1027
Author(s):  
George Cassady
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

An average plasma volume of 46.8 ± 7.1 ml/kg and blood volume of 87.9 ± 13.6 ml/kg was found in 69 true premature infants studied during the first 12 hours of life. Respiratory distress syndrome in these infants was not associated with an altered plasma or blood volume. However, the degree of maturity, estimated by either birth weight or gestational age, was found to be inversely related to the plasma volume. Intra-uterine growth retardation, defined on the basis of disproportionately low birth weight in relation to gestational age, was associated with an elevated average plasma volume (52.0 ± 7.8 ml/kg) during the 4 hours after birth. Despite rapid adjustment of this volume to normal between 4 and 12 hours of age, the average blood volume in this group of infants was significantly elevated (102.0 ± 18.7 ml/kg). These studies reveal direct, objective and measurable differences between growth-retarded and true premature low birth weight infants and represent an attempt toward more accurate definition and understanding of intra-uterine growth retardation.

scholarly journals Birth Weight Corrected for Gestational Age is Related to the Incidence of Down's Syndrome Pregnancies

Twin Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris M. van Montfrans ◽  
Petra S.M. Bakker ◽  
Lyset T.M. Rekers-Mombarg ◽  
Mirjam M. van Weissenbruch ◽  
Cornelis B. Lambalk
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Primordial Follicle ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

AbstractThree recent studies reported that early depletion of the primordial follicle pool is likely to be an independent risk factor for Down's syndrome pregnancies. The size of the primordial follicle pool at birth is determined by oogenesis and by the rate of follicle atresia during the intra uterine period. Since intra uterine growth retardation was reported to be associated with a significantly reduced primordial follicle pool at birth, we investigated the possibility of a relation between low birth weight for gestational age and the risk of a Down's syndrome pregnancy. In a case control study, 95 women with a history of a Down's syndrome pregnancy and 85 controls provided information on their own birth weight and length of gestation. Birth weight standard deviation scores, indicating the difference in birth weight from a reference group, were significantly lower in Down's syndrome mothers than in controls. These findings illustrate that the risk of a Down's syndrome pregnancy is related to a low birth weight corrected for gestational age, possibly by a causal relation between intra uterine growth retardation and the size of the primordial follicle pool

scholarly journals Agenesis of the corpus callosum with interhemispheric cyst: clinical implications and outcome

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. bcr-2018-227366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Gopagondanahalli Revanna ◽  
Victor Samuel Rajadurai ◽  
Suresh Chandran
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Infantile Spasm ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
Fetal Ultrasound ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Delay ◽  
History Of ◽  
Us Scan ◽  
Interhemispheric Cyst

We describe two cases of agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) with interhemispheric cyst (IHC). Case 1: a male infant was born at 36 weeks gestation with a history of second trimester fetal ultrasound (US) scan and MRI showing ACC with IHC. His head circumference at birth and 5 months was at 90th centile. He developed infantile spasm and electroencephalogram showed hypsarrhythmia at 5 months of age. Seizures were controlled. He is under evaluation for surgical treatment. Case 2: ACC with a midline cyst was reported in the midtrimester US scan of a male infant. Subsequent fetal scans showed increasing size of the cyst. At birth, he had macrocephaly with a head circumference above 97th centile. MRI of the brain confirmed ACC with IHC. The parents refused a cystoperitoneal shunt offered. The child displayed gross neurodevelopmental delay with progressive hydrocephalus on follow-up and succumbed to aspiration pneumonia at 22 months of age.

Intra-Uterine Growth Retardation and Gestational Age

1986 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Holmqvist ◽  
Eva Ingemarsson ◽  
Ingemar Ingemarsson
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

INCIDENCE OF HYPOGLYCEMIA IN NEWBORN INFANTS CLASSIFIED BY BIRTH WEIGHT AND GESTATIONAL AGE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-838
Author(s):  
Lula O. Lubchenco ◽  
Harry Bard
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Serum Glucose Level ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

The incidence of hypoglycemia was determined in newborn infants in a general obstetric service. A random sample of patients was studied from nine birth weight-gestational age groups before the first feeding at 3 to 6 hours after birth. The highest incidence of hypoglycemia, 67% (serum glucose level &lt; 30 mg/100 ml), occurred in the preterm SGA group. It was 25% in the term SGA infants and 18% in post-term SGA babies. Full term appropriately grown infants were noted to have a 10% incidence, and the preterm AGA group had a general shift toward lower prefeeding glucose levels. Infants of diabetic mothers were generally large for gestational age and delivered before term; hence, there was a 38% incidence of hypoglycemia in the preterm LGA group. When a serum glucose level of &lt; 20 mg/100 ml was used to define hypoglycemia, the incidence in the preterm SGA groups was least reduced, i.e., to 40 and 21% respectively. Except for IDM's, evidence of intra-uterine growth retardation from the physical examination and confirmed by the weight/length ratio was demonstrated in infants who became hypoglycemic. An added stress in the form of birth hypoxia was present in the majority of the infants who became hypoglycemic. The combination of reduced energy reserves in newborn infants with intra-uterine growth retardation, plus the increased utilization of carbohydrates during birth hypoxia, resulted in a high incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in the first few hours after birth.

scholarly journals Effect of pregnancy induced hypertension on pregnancy outcome: a hospital based cross sectional study at a tertiary care hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1984
Author(s):  
K. Hima Bindu ◽  
E. Rama Devi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

Background: I Pregnancy induced hypertension causes intra uterine growth retardation, pre-mature delivery, intra uterine death of fetus, abruption placentae. It also causes increased morbidity and mortality among women. The objective of the present study is to observe the effect of pregnancy induced hypertension on pregnancy outcome.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out to study the effect of pregnancy induced hypertension on pregnancy outcome for a period of two years from April 2004 to March 2006 at Gandhi Medical College, Hyderabad. Results: The mean maternal age in group I was 22.9 years comparable to group II. The incidence of PIH was 10.7% among primipara compared to 9.1% among multi parous women. Mean gestational age at entry to the present study was comparable among both the groups. Mean gestational age at delivery was higher in normotensive women compared to women with PIH. The incidence of low birth weight was 70% among PIH group compared to only 16.7% in normotensive group and this difference was found to be statistically significant. The incidence of intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) was 70% among PIH group compared to only 16.7% in normotensive group and this difference was found to be statistically significant. The incidence of pre-term delivery was 70% among PIH group compared to only 16.7% in normotensive group and this difference was found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: T Pregnancy induced hypertension was positively associated with adverse outcome. Early diagnosis and proper management can help to overcome and tackle most of the adverse outcomes.  

scholarly journals Biological, Nutritional, and Social Factors Associated with Intra-Uterine Growth Retardation in Mexico City

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hector Balcazar ◽  
José A. Cobas
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

This study investigates the relationship between maternal biological, nutritional, and socio-demographic variables as they relate to intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) in 162 women who delivered in a maternal and child centre in Mexico City. Data were obtained through a questionnaire administered to each woman after her infant was born. The mothers’ height, arm and head circumferences, and skinfolds were measured after delivery. Infants were defined as having IUGR if their gestational age was 37 weeks or over and their birth weight was at or below the 10th percentile of a sex-specific birth weight-gestational age distribution of a reference population. Infants whose gestational age was 37 weeks or over and whose birth weight was above the 10th percentile of the reference population distribution were defined as having normal birth weight. Overall, maternal risk factors associated with past and current nutritional status were associated with IUGR, but social factors were not. Logistic regression analysis showed that height, positive dietary changes during pregnancy, and past spontaneous abortions during the second trimester were significantly related to IUGR.

scholarly journals Locked twins—remote from term: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Fessehaye ◽  
Ferid A. Abubeker ◽  
Mekdes Daba
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Caesarian Section ◽  
Obstetric Complication ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Abdominal Delivery ◽  
First Stage Of Labor

Abstract Background Locked twins is a rare and hazardous obstetric complication, which occurs in approximately 1:100 twin pregnancies. One of the known etiologic factors for locked twins is size of the twins. We report a case of chin-to-chin locked twins that occurred at gestational age of 30 weeks pus 6 days. Case summary A 27 years-old primigravida Oromo mother presented with a history of pushing down pain and passage of liquor of 6 hours duration at gestational age of 30 weeks plus 6 days. With a diagnosis of twin pregnancy (first twin non-vertex), abdominal delivery was decided in latent first stage of labor but mother refused caesarian delivery and she was allowed to labor with the hope of achieving a vaginal delivery. In second stage, interlocking twin was encountered and a low vertical cesarean section was done to effect delivery of twins without the need to decapitate the first twin. Conclusion Locked twin is a rare obstetric complication. Whenever it is encountered, successful delivery can be achieved without the need to have decapitation of the first twin during caesarian section.

scholarly journals The vicious cycle: a history of obesity and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Bil ◽  
Olga Możeńska
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
History Of Obesity

AbstractRecently, we face a surge in the fast-forward Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with nearly 170 million confirmed cases and almost 3.5 million confirmed deaths at the end of May 2021. Obesity, also known as the pandemic of the 21st century, has been evolving as an adverse prognostic marker. Obesity is associated with a higher risk of being SARS-CoV-2-positive (46%), as well as hospitalization (113%) and death (48%) due to COVID-19. It is especially true for subjects with morbid obesity. Also, observational studies suggest that in the case of COVID-19, no favorable “obesity paradox” is observed. Therefore, it is postulated to introduce a new entity, i.e., coronavirus disease-related cardiometabolic syndrome (CIRCS). In theory, it applies to all stages of COVID-19, i.e., prevention, acute proceedings (from COVID-19 diagnosis to resolution or three months), and long-term outcomes. Consequently, lifestyle changes, glycemic control, and regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway have crucial implications for preventing and managing subjects with COVID-19. Finally, it is crucial to use cardioprotective drugs such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers and statins. Nevertheless, there is the need to conduct prospective studies and registries better to evaluate the issue of obesity in COVID-19 patients.

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