Soil Nematodes in Organic and Conventional Farming System: A Comparison of the Taxonomic and Functional Diversity

SUMMARYA range of wheat cultivars, including elite cultivars, older cultivars and some preferred by organic growers, were trialled under high and low nitrogen (N) conventional and organic conditions to determine whether cultivars that yield highly under organic conditions have the same relative yield under conventional conditions. A range of cultivar mixtures was also assessed to see whether these gave yield advantages or superiority in either farming system. The conventional trials were grown with and without full fungicide programmes, which largely controlled disease. Amongst the cultivars, Alchemy showed superior yield under organic conditions as did Pegassos, but under conventional conditions Pegassos was always one of the low-ranking cultivars. Under conventional conditions the more recent cultivars Alchemy, Glasgow and Istabraq yielded highly, while an older one, Consort, yielded highly under low fertilizer conditions, and both Ambrosia and Deben also yielded highly generally. Fungicide and high N favoured the disease-susceptible, high-yield cultivars such as Glasgow whereas Consort, an older susceptible cultivar, was favoured by fungicide and low N. Together this demonstrates that whilst the yield characteristics of some elite germplasm are also expressed under organic conditions, at least one cultivar that yielded poorly under conventional conditions showed adaptation towards the organic conditions of these trials. Other cultivars yielding poorly under conventional conditions also gave poor yield under organic conditions. The equal proportion mixtures of cultivars grown under conventional conditions showed no evidence of differences in yield from the mean of the component cultivars grown separately, but combinations of Glasgow, Alchemy and Istabraq gave consistently high yield.

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Effect of Lentil’s Variety and Cultural Farming System on Nutritional Value and Physicochemical Sensory Properties as Related to Human Daily Coverage

10.26420/intjnutrsci.2021.1053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Karagounis I ◽

◽

Avdikos ID ◽

Pankou CI ◽

Kostoula SD ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Principal Component ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Farming System ◽

Conventional Farming ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

Swelling Coefficient ◽

Organic And Conventional Farming

The aim of this study is to determine if there is any influence of lentil variety and environment of cultivation in the chemical composition of seeds originating from organic and conventional farming systems. Particularly, an evaluation was made on the physicochemical properties of three lentil cultivars (‘Thessalia’, ‘Dimitra’, ‘Samos’) and also the effect of farming system towards the composition of seeds to be assessed for discovering the tendency which specific cultivar or farming system are most preferable for the consumers. For the evaluation of the physicochemical properties of lentil seeds: (a) Seed density, (b) Hydration coefficient, (c) Swelling coefficient, (d) pH and (e) Content in macro- and micronutrients (total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, and boron), were estimated. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied for every characteristic in order to determine similarities/ differences among the cultivars in both organic and conventional farming systems. In addition, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were conducted. Regarding the three cultivars under evaluation, cv. ‘Dimitra’ is superior especially in the organic environment, followed by cv. ‘Thessalia’, whose nutritional value increases under organic farming conditions. While ‘Samos’ exhibited a slightly better performance under conventional conditions. Based on the results of this research, the interaction between the lentil cultivar and the cultivating environment can influence the nutritional value and the physicochemical properties of lentil’s seeds.

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The Performance of Oat-Vetch Mixtures in Organic and Conventional Farming Systems

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11040332 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 332 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katarzyna Pużyńska ◽

Agnieszka Synowiec ◽

Stanisław Pużyński ◽

Jan Bocianowski ◽

Kazimierz Klima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Farming System ◽

Conventional Farming ◽

Common Vetch ◽

Organic System ◽

Area Index ◽

Organic Farming Systems ◽

Organic And Conventional Farming ◽

Selection Of

The research aimed to compare the yields and yield components of mixtures of oats with common vetch grown for seeds in organic and conventional farming systems. Moreover, the selection of oat cultivars for the mixture and its performance in a crop rotation experiment in different growing years was analyzed. Additionally, the leaf area index (LAI) and the relative content of chlorophyll (SPAD) of the mixtures were assessed. The field experiment with four-field crop rotation in organic or conventional farming systems was carried out in 2012–2014 in southern Poland. Common vetch (Vicia sativa L., cv. ‘Hanka’) was mixed with one of two oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars, ‘Celer’ or ‘Grajcar.’ The effects of all of the factors on the mixtures’ canopy indices and yield were found. The canonical analysis revealed that the weather course, especially drought, had the largest effect on the oat-vetch mixtures’ performance. Moreover, the mixtures developed the highest LAI (5.28 m2∙m−2) and seed yield (4.57 t ha−1) in the conventional farming system. On the contrary, the share of vetch seeds in the mixtures was 24% higher in the organic system than in the conventional one. The selection of cv. ‘Grajcar’ oats for the mixture with vetch increased the share of vetch seeds in the yield by 16.5%. In summary, a balanced share of oat-vetch mixture components depends on the proper selection of the oat cultivar, especially for organic farming systems.

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Are community structures of soil nematodes different between organic and conventional farming systems in commercial tomato fields?

Nematological Research (Japanese Journal of Nematology) ◽

10.3725/jjn.39.63 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 63-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hiroaki Okada ◽

Hiroshi Hasegawa ◽

Tomoyoshi Hashimoto ◽

Hiroyuki Sekiguchi ◽

Yasufumi Urashima

Keyword(s):

Farming Systems ◽

Soil Nematodes ◽

Conventional Farming ◽

Community Structures ◽

Organic And Conventional Farming

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Termite-Induced Injuries to Maize and Baby Corn under Organic and Conventional Farming Systems in the Central Highlands of Kenya

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects10100367 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 367

Author(s):

John J. Anyango ◽

David Bautze ◽

Komi K. M. Fiaboe ◽

Zipporah O. Lagat ◽

Anne W. Muriuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Management Practice ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Farming System ◽

Conventional Farming ◽

High Input ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Central Highlands ◽

Cropping Seasons ◽

Organic And Conventional Farming ◽

Input Level

Termite-induced injuries to maize and baby corn were evaluated in on-going comparison experiments on organic and conventional farming systems at two trial sites in the Central Highlands of Kenya (Chuka and Thika). The farming systems were established in 2007 at two input levels: Low input level, representing subsistence farming (Conv-Low, Org-Low) and high input level, representing commercial farming (Conv-High, Org-High). Termite-induced injuries to maize and baby corn, such as tunneling the stem or lodging the whole plant were assessed over two cropping seasons. The lodging occurred exclusively at Thika. It first became apparent in the Org-Low system, with most of lodging occurring during the vegetative stage. Baby corn grown under high input systems showed increasing lodging from the late vegetative crop stage and peaked before the final harvest. Tunneling was recorded at both sites, but was generally below 5%, with no significant differences between the farming systems. Overall, the injury patterns caused by termites appear to be a function of the plant growth stage, termite colony activities, trial site, and the types and levels of fertilizer input. Thus, the management practice used in each farming system (organic or conventional) might have greater influence on crop injuries than the type of farming system itself or the termite abundance within each system.

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Rapid Visco Analyzer Measurements ofjaponicaRice Cultivars to Study Interrelationship between Pasting Properties and Farming System

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2016/3595326 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Amit Kesarwani ◽

Po Yuan Chiang ◽

Shih Shiung Chen

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Cooking Quality ◽

Farming System ◽

Pasting Properties ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Conventional Farming ◽

Eating And Cooking Quality ◽

Pasting Temperature ◽

Organic And Conventional Farming ◽

Rapid Visco Analyzer

Rheological properties influence the starch softness and cooking quality. Twojaponicarice cultivars were studied that were cultivated under organic and conventional farming. Study was conducted for 2 years in popularjaponicacultivars, that is, Kaohsiung number 139 and Taikeng number 16, which were grown twice a year in Taiwan. The results highlighted that major pasting properties such as peak viscosity, setback value, and pasting temperature improved under organic farming; however, in further analysis, eating and cooking quality reported no significant changes except aroma in rice.

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