Wheat cultivar yield response to some organic and conventional farming conditions and the yield potential of mixtures

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (7) ◽  
pp. 1045-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. NEWTON ◽  
D. C. GUY ◽  
K. PREEDY
Keyword(s):  
Relative Yield ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Organic And Conventional Farming ◽  
Elite Germplasm ◽  
Low Nitrogen

SUMMARYA range of wheat cultivars, including elite cultivars, older cultivars and some preferred by organic growers, were trialled under high and low nitrogen (N) conventional and organic conditions to determine whether cultivars that yield highly under organic conditions have the same relative yield under conventional conditions. A range of cultivar mixtures was also assessed to see whether these gave yield advantages or superiority in either farming system. The conventional trials were grown with and without full fungicide programmes, which largely controlled disease. Amongst the cultivars, Alchemy showed superior yield under organic conditions as did Pegassos, but under conventional conditions Pegassos was always one of the low-ranking cultivars. Under conventional conditions the more recent cultivars Alchemy, Glasgow and Istabraq yielded highly, while an older one, Consort, yielded highly under low fertilizer conditions, and both Ambrosia and Deben also yielded highly generally. Fungicide and high N favoured the disease-susceptible, high-yield cultivars such as Glasgow whereas Consort, an older susceptible cultivar, was favoured by fungicide and low N. Together this demonstrates that whilst the yield characteristics of some elite germplasm are also expressed under organic conditions, at least one cultivar that yielded poorly under conventional conditions showed adaptation towards the organic conditions of these trials. Other cultivars yielding poorly under conventional conditions also gave poor yield under organic conditions. The equal proportion mixtures of cultivars grown under conventional conditions showed no evidence of differences in yield from the mean of the component cultivars grown separately, but combinations of Glasgow, Alchemy and Istabraq gave consistently high yield.

Evaluation of lentil varieties and farming system effect on seed damage and yield loss due to bruchid (Bruchus spp.) infestation

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios N. Vlachostergios ◽  
Anastasios S. Lithourgidis ◽  
Dimitrios V. Baxevanos ◽  
Athanasios G. Mavromatis ◽  
Christos S. Noulas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Genotypic Variability ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
System Effect

A major constraint of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) cultivation is yield reduction due to field infestation by the seed beetles Bruchus spp. (bruchids). The aim of the study was to assess seed loss (SL) and yield loss (YL) due to bruchid infestation under organic and conventional farming, and to investigate genotypic variability for seed yield of 20 lentil varieties in response to bruchid damage. Field experiments were established over three consecutive years in two areas of central and northern Greece. SL was determined as the percentage of damaged seeds, whereas the weight of the damaged seeds was estimated as YL. Farming system was the main source of variation for both SL and YL. Mean SL under organic farming was 15% and mean YL was 0.13 t ha–1. SL and YL were 2.6- and 8.4-fold higher, respectively, under organic than conventional farming. Valuable genotypic variability was observed with respect to both SL and YL. Early flowering and small seed size were traits associated with low SL and YL. Among varieties, mean SL ranged from 8.5% to 29.2% and YL from 0.06 to 0.31 t ha–1. Evaluation for high yield potential, indicating bruchid tolerance, revealed two types of promising varieties: varieties with high yield and low seed bruchid damage due to phenological escape, and varieties with high yielding potential despite the high SL and YL.

Effect of sowing time and nitrogen on rice cultivars of differing growth duration in New South Wales. 1. Yield and yield components

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Reinke ◽  
LG Lewin ◽  
RL Williams
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Long Duration

New South Wales rice crops commonly take >180 days from sowing to harvest, and a reduction in crop duration is sought to increase the efficiency of rice production. The response of rice cultivars of differing growth duration to sowing time and N application was examined across 2 growing seasons. The highest yields were obtained at early sowing dates in each season. In season 2, the maximum yield of the short-duration cultivar M101 was not significantly different to the long-duration cultivars Calrose, Pelde, and M7, with yields >12 t/ha. However, yield of cv. M101 was significantly less than the long-duration cultivars at an early sowing date in season 1. Analysis of yield components did not clearly indicate the reason for reduced yield of the short duration cultivar. Damage by birds and mice before harvest, exacerbated by early maturity, is a possible cause.Later sowing reduced yields of all cultivars, with the short-duration cultivar-least affected. Optimum N application decreased with delay in sowing. At early sowings there was a positive yield response to increasing N, whereas at the latest sowings in each season the N response was negative for all cultivars. Where the yield response to applied N was positive, the yield component most associated with yield was the number of florets per unit area (r = 0.55). Where the yield response was negative, yield reductions were primarily caused by a reduction in the proportion of filled grains (r = 0.83). Minimum temperatures during the reproductive stage of each cultivar explained only a small amount of the variation in percentage of filled grain. Low minimum temperatures during the reproductive stage were not the sole cause of the reduction in proportion of filled grains of late-sown, high-N plots. The high yield potential of short-duration cultivars in The high yield potential of short-duration cultivars in the New South Wales rice-growing area is clearly demonstrated, as is the value of such cultivars where late sowing is unavoidable.

scholarly journals Yield Potential and Stability Indices as Methods to Evaluate Sprung Wheat Genotypes under Drought

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
R. Ahmad ◽  
A. Tanveer ◽  
J. C. Stark ◽  
T. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Drought Susceptibility Index ◽  
Individual Genotype ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Yield Potential

Selection for drought tolerance typically involves evaluating genotypes for either high yield potential or stable performance under varying degrees of water stress. Field Studies were conducted in 1992 and 1993 to assess methods for evaluating genotypes with combined high yield potential and stability, in both years, 12 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum. L.) genotypes were grown under two irrigation levels (well-watered and stressed) imposed between tillering and anthesis with a line-source sprinkler irrigation system. Drought susceptibility index (the ratio of the yield of genotype in drought to the yield of the same genotype in well watered conditions standardized by the mean yield of all genotypes in drought and well watered conditions) and relative yield (yield of an individual genotype under drought divided by the yield of the highest yielding individual genotype in a population under drought) values were used to describe yield stability and yield potential of the 12 spring wheat genotypes. There were year-to-year variations in drought susceptibility index (DSI) and relative yield (RY) values within genotypes and changes in genotypic rankings within years. The DSI values ranged from 0.42 to 1.24 in 1992 and from 0.51 to 1.59 in 1993. The mean RY were 0.79 and 0.86 in 1992 and 1993, respectively. The DSI did not provide a good indication of yield potential as some genotypes has DSI < 1 but RY lower than average under water-stressed conditions. The RY (higher than average) under water stress was a good indicator of yield potential of a genotype per se but gave no indication of yield stability. The plots of DSI vs. RY values were found useful in identifying genotypes with high yield potential and relatively stable yield performance under different moisture regimes.

scholarly journals Effect of cultivar, crop management, location and growing season on the grain yield of triticale

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Derejko ◽  
Marcin Studnicki
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Important Region

SummaryTriticale (Triticosecale Wittmack) is obtained through the crossing of wheat (Triticum ssp.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) and is characterized by high yield potential, good health and grain value, and high tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. Poland is a very important region for progress in triticale breeding, since it is home to most cultivars, and numerous genetic studies on triticale have been carried out. Despite the tremendous interest in triticale among both breeders and researchers, there are no studies assessing the adaptation of cultivars to environmental conditions across growing seasons. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of cultivar, management, location and growing season on grain yield. At the same time, this approach provides a new way to determine whether there is any dependency between the eight seasons, and to find the cause of the yield response to environmental conditions in a given growing season.

Effect of Lentil’s Variety and Cultural Farming System on Nutritional Value and Physicochemical Sensory Properties as Related to Human Daily Coverage

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karagounis I ◽  
◽  
Avdikos ID ◽  
Pankou CI ◽  
Kostoula SD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Swelling Coefficient ◽  
Organic And Conventional Farming

The aim of this study is to determine if there is any influence of lentil variety and environment of cultivation in the chemical composition of seeds originating from organic and conventional farming systems. Particularly, an evaluation was made on the physicochemical properties of three lentil cultivars (‘Thessalia’, ‘Dimitra’, ‘Samos’) and also the effect of farming system towards the composition of seeds to be assessed for discovering the tendency which specific cultivar or farming system are most preferable for the consumers. For the evaluation of the physicochemical properties of lentil seeds: (a) Seed density, (b) Hydration coefficient, (c) Swelling coefficient, (d) pH and (e) Content in macro- and micronutrients (total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, and boron), were estimated. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied for every characteristic in order to determine similarities/ differences among the cultivars in both organic and conventional farming systems. In addition, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were conducted. Regarding the three cultivars under evaluation, cv. ‘Dimitra’ is superior especially in the organic environment, followed by cv. ‘Thessalia’, whose nutritional value increases under organic farming conditions. While ‘Samos’ exhibited a slightly better performance under conventional conditions. Based on the results of this research, the interaction between the lentil cultivar and the cultivating environment can influence the nutritional value and the physicochemical properties of lentil’s seeds.

Plant density response and optimum crop densities for canola (Brassica napus L.) in Western Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. French ◽  
M. Seymour ◽  
R. S. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Asymptotic Model ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Optimum Density ◽  
Crop Density

In 24 experiments conducted across a range of agricultural environments in Western Australia between 2010 and 2014 canola (Brassica napus L.) grain yield response to crop density was adequately described by an asymptotic model (where yield approaches but never quite reaches a ceiling at very high density) in 101 out of 112 individual responses; in the other 11 yield reached a maximum and declined slightly at higher densities. Seed oil was more likely to increase than decrease with increasing density but the effect was always small; less than 1% oil over the range of densities tested. Increasing density also suppressed annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum (L.) Gaud.) head numbers in six experiments where it was measured, especially at densities below 20 plants/m². Economic optimum densities ranged from 7 to 180 plants/m², with a median of 32.2. Mean optima in low and medium rainfall zones (growing season rainfall <300 mm) were about 25, 30, and 75 plants/m² respectively for glyphosate-tolerant (Roundup Ready), hybrid triazine-tolerant (TT), and open-pollinated TT cultivars, assuming open-pollinated TT cultivars were grown from farm-saved seed. There was little difference between optimum densities for hybrid and open-pollinated glyphosate-tolerant cultivars, and optima in the high rainfall zone were about 10 plants/m² higher than in low and medium rainfall zones. Yield at optimum density was greater than 90% of maximum yield in 74% of cases. The economic penalty for not achieving the optimum density with hybrids was usually small if the deviation was less than 10 plants/m², and with open-pollinated TT cultivars was small even 50-60 plants/m² below the optimum. The penalty was usually greater for deviations below than above the optimum in medium and high yield potential environments (yield potential >1000 kg/ha). Predicted optima were more sensitive to seed cost and field establishment (the proportion of viable seeds that become established) than grain price or seed size over the range of values expected in Western Australian agriculture. Field establishment varied from 0.3 to 1 and was higher at low target densities and for hybrid compared with open-pollinated cultivars, with a median of 0.585 at a target density of 40 plants/m². We identified improving field establishment of canola as an important research priority.

Relative yield and profit of Australian hybrid compared with open-pollinated canola is largely determined by growing-season rainfall

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heping Zhang ◽  
Jens D. Berger ◽  
Mark Seymour ◽  
Rohan Brill ◽  
Chris Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Roundup Ready ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost

Australian canola growers have new technology options including hybrid and herbicide technologies, which have offered yield and profitability advantages in other canola-growing regions of the world. This study compared the yield and gross margins of hybrid and open-pollinated (OP) canola from different herbicide tolerance groups: triazine-tolerant, Roundup Ready, Clearfield and conventional across a wide range of environments in south-western Australia, and in the National Variety Trial network in southern Australia to investigate the relative advantages of these technologies. There were significant differences in yield responsiveness between hybrid and OP canola, the magnitude of which was determined by the growing-season rainfall/available water to the crop. Hybrid out-yielded OP canola in favourable environments where rainfall was high and the growing season was long. However, in areas of low rainfall where yield potential was low, hybrids showed little yield advantage over OP. In contrast, there were no differences in yield response between the four herbicide tolerance groups across the rainfall zones. The economic analysis showed that the break-even yield for hybrids versus OP canola was 1.25 t/ha for triazine-tolerant canola, 0.7 t/ha for Roundup Ready canola, and 1.7 t/ha for hybrid Clearfield canola. The gross margin analysis suggested that hybrid triazine-tolerant, Clearfield and Roundup Ready canola was more profitable than the OP system in the medium (growing-season rainfall of 265–330 mm) and high (330 mm) rainfall environments, but not profitable in the lower (<265 mm) rainfall area because the cost associated with hybrid seed outweighed the small yield benefit. The sensitivity analysis indicated that ± 10% changes in canola price and seed cost shifted the break-even yield by ± 0.1 t/ha. Our study makes a case for Australian canola breeders to maintain OP canola varieties, rather than shifting their focus entirely to hybrids, to underpin continued productivity and profitability in lower rainfall areas.

Effect of tillage management on yield performance in barley

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Therrien ◽  
C. A. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Subsequent Loss ◽  
Variety Performance ◽  
Do So

A 3-yr study was conducted to assess the effect of tillage management on relative yield performance of selected cultivars of barley. The experiment was located on two differing textures of orthic black Chernozemic soils over 3 yr. Relative yields differed significantly between cultivars within tillage systems, and between tillage systems, sites and years. All interactions were also highly significant. This suggests that barley variety performance trials should be conducted under the same tillage management system across sites and years and that significant interactions should be identified and mitigated, wherever possible. Failure to do so could lead to misidentification of high yield-performance cultivars and subsequent loss of economic opportunities to producers. Key words: Barley, tillage, interactions, yield response

scholarly journals The Performance of Oat-Vetch Mixtures in Organic and Conventional Farming Systems

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pużyńska ◽  
Agnieszka Synowiec ◽  
Stanisław Pużyński ◽  
Jan Bocianowski ◽  
Kazimierz Klima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Organic Farming Systems ◽  
Organic And Conventional Farming ◽  
Selection Of

The research aimed to compare the yields and yield components of mixtures of oats with common vetch grown for seeds in organic and conventional farming systems. Moreover, the selection of oat cultivars for the mixture and its performance in a crop rotation experiment in different growing years was analyzed. Additionally, the leaf area index (LAI) and the relative content of chlorophyll (SPAD) of the mixtures were assessed. The field experiment with four-field crop rotation in organic or conventional farming systems was carried out in 2012–2014 in southern Poland. Common vetch (Vicia sativa L., cv. ‘Hanka’) was mixed with one of two oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars, ‘Celer’ or ‘Grajcar.’ The effects of all of the factors on the mixtures’ canopy indices and yield were found. The canonical analysis revealed that the weather course, especially drought, had the largest effect on the oat-vetch mixtures’ performance. Moreover, the mixtures developed the highest LAI (5.28 m2∙m−2) and seed yield (4.57 t ha−1) in the conventional farming system. On the contrary, the share of vetch seeds in the mixtures was 24% higher in the organic system than in the conventional one. The selection of cv. ‘Grajcar’ oats for the mixture with vetch increased the share of vetch seeds in the yield by 16.5%. In summary, a balanced share of oat-vetch mixture components depends on the proper selection of the oat cultivar, especially for organic farming systems.

scholarly journals Termite-Induced Injuries to Maize and Baby Corn under Organic and Conventional Farming Systems in the Central Highlands of Kenya

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
John J. Anyango ◽  
David Bautze ◽  
Komi K. M. Fiaboe ◽  
Zipporah O. Lagat ◽  
Anne W. Muriuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
High Input ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Central Highlands ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Organic And Conventional Farming ◽  
Input Level

Termite-induced injuries to maize and baby corn were evaluated in on-going comparison experiments on organic and conventional farming systems at two trial sites in the Central Highlands of Kenya (Chuka and Thika). The farming systems were established in 2007 at two input levels: Low input level, representing subsistence farming (Conv-Low, Org-Low) and high input level, representing commercial farming (Conv-High, Org-High). Termite-induced injuries to maize and baby corn, such as tunneling the stem or lodging the whole plant were assessed over two cropping seasons. The lodging occurred exclusively at Thika. It first became apparent in the Org-Low system, with most of lodging occurring during the vegetative stage. Baby corn grown under high input systems showed increasing lodging from the late vegetative crop stage and peaked before the final harvest. Tunneling was recorded at both sites, but was generally below 5%, with no significant differences between the farming systems. Overall, the injury patterns caused by termites appear to be a function of the plant growth stage, termite colony activities, trial site, and the types and levels of fertilizer input. Thus, the management practice used in each farming system (organic or conventional) might have greater influence on crop injuries than the type of farming system itself or the termite abundance within each system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document