scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE COURSE AND TIMING OF DIAGNOSIS OF PLEUROPULMONARY COMPLICATIONS OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
I. D. Duzhyi ◽  
S. P. Golubnychyi ◽  
G. O. Oleshchenko ◽  
O. М. Yasnikovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

Coronavirus infection in most cases is of the type of interstitial pneumonia. According to the literature, the most common complications are thrombotic complications of the lungs, myocardium, central nervous system, liver, and kidneys. There are only isolated reports of pleural complications. The aim. To study the features of the course and term of diagnosis of pleuropulmonary complications, specifying the possibilities of their prevention and exclusion of errors. Materials and methods. Under our supervision, there were 23 patients with various complications of pleuropulmonary character. Among these patients, there were 15 males, 8 – females. There were ten patients under the age of 50 and 13 over the age of 50. The interstitial background in all patients was interstitial changes in the lung parenchyma. Results and discussion. Deterioration of patients (increased temperature, shortness of breath, cough, and decreased blood oxygenation) forced doctors to resort to additional examination and consultation with specialists after a certain period of observation (4–5 days). Pulmonary and pleural hemorrhage occurred in 2 (8,72 %) subjects, spontaneous pneumothorax, including and 1 bilateral, occurred in 5 (21,7 %) patients, pneumohydrothorax – in 4 (14,4 %), pneumomediastinum – in 2 (8,7 %), severe pneumothorax – in 7 (30,4 %) people. The most serious complications were the impression of the pleura with a violation of the integrity of the cortical lungs (pneumohydrothorax, intense pneumothorax), which led to death in 6 (26,1 %) people. The period before the diagnosis of complications was in the range of 4–6 days. Conclusions. Physical control of patients with signs of respiratory failure should be performed every 2 hours, ultrasound – three times a day, examination and lateral radiography – with the duration of shortness of breath more than two days or its increase, without waiting for the time suggested by the radiologist.

scholarly journals The incidence and pathophysiology of neurological symptoms in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Igor V. Litvinenko ◽  
Miroslav M. Odinak ◽  
Nikolay V. Tsygan ◽  
Aleksander V. Ryabtsev
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The central nervous system seems to be quite vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2, leading to a variety of alteration pathways, high incidence and variability of the neurological symptoms of COVID-19. The COVID-19 symptoms, possibly associated with alteration to the central nervous system, include hyperthermia, shortness of breath, fatigue, headache, dizziness, dysphonia, dysphagia, hyposmia and anosmia, hypogeusia and ageusia, impairment of consciousness. The impairment of olfaction and gustation are the most common symptoms of the nervous system alteration (98% and 70%, respectively), which is most likely a consequence of the alteration of the receptors. Presumably the pathogenesis of dysphonia and dysphagia may involve neurodegenerative mechanisms or may be associated with a predominantly demyelinating alteration of the caudal cranial nerves. Pathomorphological findings in the brain of the COVID-19 patients include diffuse hypoxic and focal ischemic injuries of various sizes up to ischemic infarctions (in thrombosis of large arteries); microangiopathy; vasculitis; diapedetic and confluent hemorrhages with possible progression to hemorrhagic infarctions and rarely intracerebral hematomas. Acute cerebrovascular accident worsens the course of COVID-19 and can worsen the clinical outcome, taking into account the mechanisms of the central nervous system alteration in highly contagious coronavirus infections (SARS-CoV, MERS, SARS-CoV-2), including embolism, hypoxia, neurodegeneration, systemic inflammatory response and immune-mediated alteartion to the nervous tissue. A fairly rare complication of coronavirus infection, however, acute myelitis requires attention due to the severity of neurological disorders. The literature data show high incidence and polymorphism of the symptoms of the central nervous system alteration, as well as the important role of the cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative pathogenesis of brain alteration in COVID-19, which is taken into account in examining and treating the patients with new coronavirus infection. (1 figure, bibliography: 61 refs)

Cystic Fibrosis, Bronchiectasis, and Pleural Effusion

2016 ◽  
pp. 729-732
Author(s):  
Vivek N. Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Neuromuscular Transmission ◽  
System Control ◽  
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure ◽  
Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure ◽  
Alveolar Capillary

Effective functioning of the respiratory system requires 1) normal central nervous system control, 2) intact neuromuscular transmission and bellows function, 3) patent airways, and 4) normal gas exchange at the alveolar-capillary level. Respiratory failure may be caused by dysfunction at any of these levels, resulting in failure of oxygenation (hypoxemic respiratory failure) or ventilation (hypercapnic respiratory failure).

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Neurological Manifestations

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Neeraj Balaini ◽  
Manish Modi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Retrograde Transport ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Viral Illness

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which has taken the form of a pandemic. It mainly presents as fever, cough, shortness of breath involving respiratory system but neurological manifestations are increasingly being recognized worldwide and even virus RNA was demonstrated to be present in cerebrospinal fluid of a patient. SARS-CoV-2 involves both central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Virus can enter the neural tissue from hematological route or through retrograde transport from nerve endings. Physicians especially neurologists should be aware regarding neurological manifestations as patient can present with these conditions in emergency. We therefore reviewed the neurological diseases or complications associated with COIVID-19 in available literature.

scholarly journals COVID-19’s Pathways to Human Central Nervous System and Relevant Drug Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
Zhaolun Liang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Human Central Nervous System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Different Types

COVID-19, also known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), is a severe disease. It can cause different types of symptoms including shortness of breath, fever, cough, fatigue and sore throat. Older adults and people who have severe underlying medical conditions like heart or lung disease or diabetes seem to be at higher risk to develop more complex complications due to the infection. Until August 6th, 2020, COVID-19 has caused 700, 000 deaths across the Earth; however, the actual death number could be higher than 700,000. COVID-19’s origin is still remained unknown, but the speculation is targeted to bats or pangolins. Although COVID-19 is a disease target human’s respiratory system, based on the research and clinical cases of COVID-19, evidence shows that COVID-19 can also invade human’s central nervous system (CNS).

Insights into the biomarkers of viral encephalitis from clinical patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushafa Thekra ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Zhaojun Zeng ◽  
Jiameng Sun ◽  
Haixia Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Variable Level ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Cognitive Problems

Abstract Background Biomarkers can be helpful in identifying patients who may profit by explicit treatments or evaluating the reaction to the treatment of specific disease. Finding unique biomarkers in the process of disease could help clinicians in identifying serious disease in the early stage, so as to improve prognosis. Objective These investigations, nonetheless, have made constrained progress. Numerous infections are known to cause intense viral encephalitis (VE) in people which can cause a variable level of meningeal just as parenchymal aggravation. Initial clinical manifestations in most encephalitis are nonspecific, resembling a viral-like illness. However, with disease progression, symptoms can become quite severe and fatal, including prominent cranial hypertension, cognitive problems, cerebral hernia, and respiratory failure. Forwards The clinical and research center discoveries in huge numbers of those viral issues are to a great extent comparable and in this way increasingly explicit biomarkers for indicative and prognostic intentions are justified. These biomarkers are progressively significant in the acknowledgment and treatment of the viral central nervous system (CNS) issue. Conclusion Clinical manifestations have been the indicative approaches for analysis of viral encephalitis. Lots of studies have been endeavored to distinguish progressively objective laboratory-based quantitative CSF biomarkers for VE.

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