scholarly journals Thermodynamics of formation and evaporation of lead-tin alloys

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
S. A. Trebukhov ◽  
◽  
V. N. Volodin ◽  
O. V. Ulanova ◽  
A. V. Nitsenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Volatile Component ◽  
State Diagram ◽  
Thermodynamic Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Entire Concentration Range ◽  
Tin Alloys ◽  
Physicochemical Data

Only a few works have been devoted to thermodynamic studies of the lead-tin system by methods including the volatile components evaporation process. When the binary system is separated into metals by distillation, the volatile component is removed from the alloy and the low-volatile component accumulates in the bottom products, that is, there are alloy composition changes over the entire concentration range. It is necessary to know the boundaries position of the melt and vapor coexistence fields on the state diagram, especially for solutions beneficiated with non-volatile metal to assess the quality of the vapor phase by the content of the low-volatile component. In this regard, the study has been completed with the purpose to clarify the values of the thermodynamic functions of the formation and evaporation of lead-tin melts required to calculate the boundaries of the liquid and vapor coexistence fields on the state diagram that enables us to judge the amount of a low-volatile component in the vapor phase under equilibrium conditions. The thermodynamic activity of lead was calculated, as well as the numerical integration of the Gibbs-Duhem equation using the substitution proposed by Darken is the thermodynamic activity and pressure of saturated tin vapor Based on the values of the saturated lead vapor pressure, determined by the boiling point method (isothermal version) for alloys predominantly of the lead edge of the phase diagram. The thermodynamic constants thus obtained will add to the base of physicochemical data and will be used to calculate the boundaries of the vapor-liquid equilibrium fields on the phase diagram, allowing to determine the possibility and completeness of the distillation separation of metals.

scholarly journals ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ SB2SE3- CU2CR4TE7

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7(61)) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Имир Ильяс Алиев ◽  
Эльман Идрис Мамедов ◽  
Фахраддин Вели Юсубов ◽  
Ламан Фахири Масиева
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
State Diagram ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Density Determination

Методами физико-химического анализа (ДТА, РФА, МСА, а также определением плотности и измерением микротвердости) исследованы системы Sb2Se3-Cu2Cr4Te7 и построена фазовая диаграмма. По данным предварительного термического анализа сплавов системы показало, что в системе обнаружены два и три эндотермические эффекты. Установлено, что диаграмма состояния системы частично квазибинарная. В системе Sb2Se3-Cu2Cr4Te7 на основе исходных компонентов обнаружены области твердых растворов. Установлено, что при твердом состоянии твердые растворы на основе Sb2Se3 простирается до 4 мол. % Cu2Cr4Te7, а на основе Cu2Cr4Te7 до-15 мол. % Sb2Se3. Исследована зависимость микротвердости и плотности сплавов системы от состава. The Sb2Se3-Cu2Cr4Te7 systems were investigated by the methods of physicochemical analysis (DTA, XRD, MSA, as well as density determination and microhardness measurements) and a phase diagram was constructed. According to the preliminary thermal analysis of the alloys of the system, it has shown that two and three endothermic effects are found in the system. It was found that the state diagram of the system is partially quasi-binary. In the Sb2Se3-Cu2Cr4Te7 system on the basis of the initial components, regions of solid solutions have been found. It was found that, in the solid state, solid solutions based on Sb2Se3 extend to 4 mol. % Cu2Cr4Te7, and on the basis of Cu2Cr4Te7 up to -15 mol. % Sb2Se3. The dependence of the microhardness and density of the alloys of the system on the composition has been investigated.

Construction of the state diagram of polymer blend thin films using differential AC chip calorimetry

Polymer ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (19) ◽  
pp. 4277-4283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolaas-Alexander Gotzen ◽  
Guy Van Assche ◽  
Bruno Van Mele
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Polymer Blend ◽  
State Diagram ◽  
The State ◽  
Chip Calorimetry

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Mesin Pengecat Otomatis Berbasis PLC CP1E NA20DR A

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Fahmi Abdul Aziz ◽  
Riky Dwi Puriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Flat Surface ◽  
State Diagram ◽  
Dc Motor ◽  
The State ◽  
Ladder Diagram ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Well Testing ◽  
Diagram Method ◽  
Limit Switch

Dalam hal mengecat tidak semua orang dapat melakukan pengecatan dengan sempurna, banyak hasil cat yang tidak merata atau lapisan yang terlalu tebal dan terlalu tipis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat sebuah alat yang membantu manusia untuk mengecat objek di permukaan datar secara otomatis. Komponen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu motor DC PG28, sensor encoder, sensor limit switch dan PLC Omron CP1E-NA20DR-A. Alat ini bergerak berdasarkan sumbu x dan y yaitu bergerak ke atas-bawah dan ke kanan-kiri, kemudian untuk pengecatanya menggunakan roll cat. Setiap pergerakan alat di program menggunakan ladder diagram di software CX-Programmer. Untuk memonitor pergerakan mesin peneliti membuat HMI dari software CX-Designer. Pada pembuatan program ladder diagram peneliti menggunakan metode state diagram karena metode ini dapat menyusun program ladder dengan baik. Pengujian pembacaan RPM motor peneliti membandingkan data dari PLC dengan tachometer dan didapat error sebesar 0,52%. Pergerakan alat pada sumbu x didapat dengan mengendalikan pulsa putaran per rotasi yang terbaca 1380 pulsa per 10 cm oleh sensor encoder. Jarak 10 cm mengacu pada lebar dari roll cat yang dipakai. Kemudian dengan tegangan luar sebesar 12V didapat kecepatan maksimun pada motor DCPG28 sebesar 379 RPM.In the case of painting not everyone can paint perfectly, many paints are not evenly distributed or layers that are too thick and too thin. The purpose of this research is to create a tool that helps humans to paint objects on a flat surface automatically. The components used in this study are the PG28 DC motor, encoder sensor, limit switch sensor and PLC Omron CP1E-NA20DR-A. This tool moves based on the x and y axis that is moving up-down and right-left, then for painting using a paint roll. Every movement of tools in the program uses ladder diagrams in the CX-Programmer software. To monitor the movement of the engine the researcher made an HMI from the CX-Designer software. In making ladder diagram programs researchers use the state diagram method because this method can arrange ladder programs well. Testing the RPM reads the motorbike comparing the data from the PLC with the tachometer and obtained an error of 0.52%. The movement of the tool on the x-axis is obtained by controlling the rotational pulses per rotation which reads 1380 pulses per 10 cm by the encoder sensor. A distance of 10 cm refers to the width of the paint roll used. Then with an outside voltage of 12V, the maximum speed of the DCPG28 motor is 379 RPM.

Volatile component analysis in infant formula using SPME coupled with GC×GC-TOFMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (39) ◽  
pp. 5017-5022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Chengjie Wang ◽  
Xu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Volatile Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Volatile Components

Analysis of infant formula volatile components for quality evaluation using SPME coupled with GC×GC-TOFMS.

Characterization of the temperature and humidity-dependent phase diagram of amorphous nanoscale organic aerosols

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 6532-6545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas E. Rothfuss ◽  
Markus D. Petters
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Amorphous Phase ◽  
Phase State ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
State Diagram ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

The amorphous phase state diagram for sucrose aerosol is obtained from a mix of measurements and model calculations.

Phase State Diagrams of a Four-Component System Al-Si-N-O - Analysis of the Thermodynamic Stability of Sialon Compounds Dased on Energy Crystal-Chemistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 303 ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
V.A. Vlasov ◽  
Anatoliy A. Klopotov ◽  
V.I. Vereshchagin ◽  
O.G. Volokitin ◽  
K.A. Bezukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Chemistry ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Thermodynamic Stability ◽  
Phase State ◽  
State Diagram ◽  
The State ◽  
Component System ◽  
State Diagrams ◽  
Pearson Symbol

The paper presents the results of the analysis of the state diagram of compounds in the system А12O3-SiO2. It has been found that the presence and the concentration of oxygen have a very important effect on formation of compounds with a crystalline structure in different syngony based on SIALON. Oxygen contributes to transition of the metastable AlXSi3-XN4compound into stable one. The parameter of structural “friability” of compounds has been used in the analysis of thethermodynamic stability of compounds in the Al-Si-N-O system. It has been foundthat the SiAl4O2N4 compound with the 12H-SIALON structure (Pearson symbol hP32) has the greatest thermodynamic stability among the compounds under study in this system.

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