scholarly journals "Rosyjskie Wilno" Andrzeja Murawjowa

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (XXIII) ◽  
pp. 45-57
Author(s):  
Anna Kościołek

The article is an attempt to present the impressions of Andrey Muraviev, religious writer, theologian, poet, playwright, church and state activist, from his stay in Vilnius in 1863, on the basis of his work entitled The Russian Vilnius. It consists of six essays on Vilnius religious monuments: the Chapel of Our Lady of Ostra Brama, St. Paraskeva Orthodox church, Orthodox cathedral of Our Most Holy Lady, Orthodox church of translation of St Nicholas’ relics, Holy Trinity cathedral, Holy Spirit church and monastery complex. The author was only interested in monuments which would document the city’s connections to Russia and Orthodox Christianity. His reflections might be considered as a literary justification for the program of Russification of the north-west country, developed by the writer’s brother, Mikhail, who went down in Polish historical memory as Veshatiel.

Author(s):  
С.Н. Джейранов

Статья освещает взаимоотношения Советского государства и Русской право-славной церкви в конце 1920-х — начале 1930-х годов в период коллективизации деревни, которая сопровождалась разрушением традиционного мира, драматической ломкой привычного уклада жизни. В центре внимания — политика наступления на православную идеологию и духовенство, выражавшаяся в закрытии храмов и монастырей, воинствующем атеизме, мерах репрессивного воздействия по отношению к священникам. Территориальные рамки исследования охватывают Центрально-Промышленную (переименованную через несколько месяцев в Московскую) область — мегарегион в 1929–1937 годах, включавший в тот период несколько бывших губерний Центральной России. На материалах Рязанского, Тверского и Тульского округов анализируются протестное движение крестьян против антирелигиозной политики власти, активные и пассивные формы сопротивления. Активные формы крестьянского сопротивления были направлены на защиту храмов от разрушения, духовенства от арестов, а также против запретов на богослужебную деятельность. Кроме того, верующие оказывали сопротивление антипасхальным вечерам и иным провокационным пропагандистским акциям, организуемым Союзом воинствующих безбожников. Основной действующей силой данного протеста были женщины, что предопределило название акций как «бабьи бунты». Пассивные формы протеста выражались в распространении информации о чудесах и знамениях, апокалиптических слухов о скорой войне, гибели советской власти в военном конфликте, грядущем конце света в наказание за вступление в «безбожный» колхоз. Сопротивление дало возможность сохранить храмы как очаги религиозности, сберечь и передать поколениям веру и традиции православной жизни. The article treats the relationship between the Soviet State and the Russian Orthodox Church in the late 1920s — early 1930s, during the era of collectivism, which brought about the destruction of the traditional world and dramatically changed the traditional lifestyle. The article focusesaggressive on the policy of oppressing the Orthodox ideology and the clergy, which manifested itself though atheism, the dissolution of churches and monasteries, religious persecution. The research focuses on the situation in the Moscow region (the then Central Industrial region), which encompassed several former provinces in 1929-1937. The author analyzes the materials relating to the Ryazan District, the Tula District and the Tver District and investigates the data about peasants’ passive and active resistance to the antireligious governmental policies. The active forms of peasants’ resistance were aimed at the protection of churches and cathedrals against destruction, at helping priests avoid arrests, at protesting against bans on religious services. Moreover, believers protested against anti-Easter campaigns and other propaganda campaigns organized by the Union of Aggressive Atheists. Women were the driving force of the protests. As a passive form of protesting against religious oppression believers spread information about miracles and portents, apocalyptic predictions of ongoing wars and the destruction of the Soviet government n a military conflict, apocalyptic prediction of punishment for joining the impious kolkhozes. Due to believers’ resistance to anti-religious campaigns it was possible to protect churches and cathedrals as the hearth of religious belief and to pass the traditions of Orthodox Christianity to other generations.


2021 ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Dmitriy M. Abramov ◽  

The years of adolescence, youth and early youth of Prince Alexander Nevsky are practically unknown or known only to a narrow circle of historians. This topic is of considerable interest and has become the subject of discussion at the regular XXIXth International Educational Christmas Readings: “Alexander Nevsky: West and East, the historical memory of the people.” Prince Alexander was a representative of the second generation of the “Big Nest” baby birds – of Yuri Vsevolodovich, the Grand Duke of Vladimir- Suzdal. In his adolescence, Prince Alexander went through a difficult school of government in Veliky Novgorod. Together with his elder brother Theodor, he went through a difficult time of hunger, pestilence, disease and helped the Novgorodians cope with the consequences of these hardships. After the untimely death of Prince Theodore in June 1233, the young 15-year-old Prince began to rule alone in Novgorod the Great, pursuing the policy of the Grand-Ducal Vladimir-Suzdal dynasty in the North-West of the Russian land. In 1234, at the age of 16, Prince Alexander received his first baptism of fire. During the Mongol- Tatar campaign to Europe in 1237 – 1242 and the crusading encroachment on the lands of Pskov and Novgorod, he pursued the political course adopted by his father Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, the Grand Duke.


2021 ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Dementiev

The study of the confessional space (or religious landscape) is largely associated with the geographical study of the cultural diversity of large poly-confessional regions. At certain time intervals, the North-West of Russia belonged to such regions. The object of the research is the confessional space of the North-West of Russia at the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries. It is worth noting that the confessional space is the object of research in many sciences, therefore, various methods and approaches can be used, with the help of which it is possible to assess the state of the structural elements of the research object. The concept of “confessional space” has a broad meaning, combining a number of parameters and elements. Therefore, among the tasks of this study is to clarify this concept. Subsequently, taking these amendments into account, an attempt was made to reveal the structural elements of the confessional space of the North-West of Russia at the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries. In the course of a comprehensive study of the confessional space, it was proposed to use new approaches and methods. Considering the fact that this region fits into the “core” of the “Orthodox plate”, much attention was paid to studying the state of the territorial structure of the Russian Orthodox Church. A close relationship was revealed between the indicators characterizing the spatial structure of the Russian Orthodox Church and the key indicators of the settlement system.


Author(s):  
Elena A. Okladnikova ◽  

The paper introduces the results of sociocultural studies conducted in rural areas of the Leningrad region (2015–1018). The purpose of the field study was to explore the attitudes of collective consciousness of respondents in respect of the revered landscape objects of their small homeland. This implied detecting perceptions of rural residents of Volosovsky, Kingisepp, Gatchina, Luga districts of the Leningrad region, focused on the maintenance of historical memory. Therefore, as an object of research, we chose the views (meanings) that our respondents associated with the revered landscape objects (cult stones, sacred groves, trees, springs, etc.). These very objects are the markers of sacred landscape of the territories. The research has resulted in dividing all of our respondents (N=179), with whom we have worked with a method of narrative interviews into three groups: of “Connoisseurs”, i.e. people who are able to answer our questions, “Improvisers” — people who gave visionary fantasy and vague answers and “Profanes” — who proved unable to give answers to our questions. The majority of respondents, both men and women were in the group of “Profanes” (59%), the number of “Improvisers” — 29%, and “Experts” — 12%. The prevalence of people who were not interested in the history of their small homeland in our society is alarming. The fading of this interest shows: the failure of symbolic policy of the state, the urgent need to create positive attitudes to the sacred landscapes of the North-West of Russia as a whole, as a source of spiritual, ethno-cultural, socio-cultural identification of the population. That said the study revealed prospects for the use of this spiritual and historical resource in scientific, educational and educational-pragmatic (cognitive, pilgrimage tourism) purposes.


Author(s):  
Daryl A. Cornish ◽  
George L. Smit

Oreochromis mossambicus is currently receiving much attention as a candidater species for aquaculture programs within Southern Africa. This has stimulated interest in its breeding cycle as well as the morphological characteristics of the gonads. Limited information is available on SEM and TEM observations of the male gonads. It is known that the testis of O. mossambicus is a paired, intra-abdominal structure of the lobular type, although further details of its characteristics are not known. Current investigations have shown that spermatids reach full maturity some two months after the female becomes gravid. Throughout the year, the testes contain spermatids at various stages of development although spermiogenesis appears to be maximal during November when spawning occurs. This paper describes the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the testes and spermatids.Specimens of this fish were collected at Syferkuil Dam, 8 km north- west of the University of the North over a twelve month period, sacrificed and the testes excised.


2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roald Amundsen ◽  
Godfred Hansen
Keyword(s):  

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