scholarly journals CALCULATION OF INTERMEDIATE SUPPORTING PARTS OF INSEPARABLE PERFORATED BEAMS IN THE SOFTWARE COMPLEX «LIRA»

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-138
Author(s):  
V.V. Romaniuk ◽  
◽  
V.V. Supruniuk ◽  
L.I. Bezniuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Intermediate Support ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Round Section ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Public Construction ◽  
Design And Manufacture

Due to the simplicity of design and manufacture, as well as reliability during operation, beams are one of the most common elements used in industrial, civil and public construction. The most rational cross-section of metal beams are rolled I-beams with inclined or parallel inner faces of the shelves, the predominant use of which is due to the value of the core distance, which is twice as much the same value for a rectangular section and almost three times for a round section. This figure is even higher for perforated profiles obtained from conventional rolling beams, which allow you to compose sections with increased values of moments of inertia and moments of resistance without increasing material consumptions. For inseparable beams, an additional significant factor influencing on their bearing capacity, is the structural design of the intermediate support part. The aim of these researches is to study the stress-strain state of inseparable perforated beams of I-beam profile of different heights in areas near the intermediate support, the design of which is made without a transverse stiffening rib placed on the axis of the support, and with unwelded holes to the left and right of the support under the action of evenly distributed load in the software complex "Lira". The objectives of the study are to establish the actual values of stresses and strains in the characteristic cross sections of the inseparable perforated I-beam, which occur on the intermediate support, and perform a comparative analysis of numerical studies obtained in the software complex "Lira" for intermediate support node beams of different heights for actions of different magnitudes of loads. The analysis of the obtained diagrams of normal stresses was carried out, which showed that for the proposed design of the support part of the beam, the cross-sections with holes directly to the left and right of the support are calculated. The conclusion about necessity of carrying out further experimental-theoretical researches of various types of support parts of beams for the purpose of development of a complex technique of their calculation and recommendations on definition of rational scope of application of each of them is formulated.

Rate Constants, Reactive Flux

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Engholm Henriksen ◽  
Flemming Yssing Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Function ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Time Correlation ◽  
Time Correlation Function ◽  
Exact Expression ◽  
Reaction Cross ◽  
Dividing Surface ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Reactive Flux

This chapter discusses a direct approach to the calculation of the rate constant k(T) that bypasses the detailed state-to-state reaction cross-sections. The method is based on the calculation of the reactive flux across a dividing surface on the potential energy surface. Versions based on classical as well as quantum mechanics are described. The classical version and its relation to Wigner’s variational theorem and recrossings of the dividing surface is discussed. Neglecting recrossings, an approximate result based on the calculation of the classical one-way flux from reactants to products is considered. Recrossings can subsequently be included via a transmission coefficient. An alternative exact expression is formulated based on a canonical average of the flux time-correlation function. It concludes with the quantum mechanical definition of the flux operator and the derivation of a relation between the rate constant and a flux correlation function.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Downscaling Effect and Definition of the Process Fingerprints in Micro Injection of Spiral Geometries

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Luca ◽  
Oltmann Riemer
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Response Variable ◽  
Process Indicators ◽  
Flow Length ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Microinjection Moulding

Microinjection moulding has been developed to fulfil the needs of mass production of micro components in different fields. A challenge of this technology lies in the downscaling of micro components, which leads to faster solidification of the polymeric material and a narrower process window. Moreover, the small cavity dimensions represent a limit for process monitoring due to the inability to install in-cavity sensors. Therefore, new solutions must be found. In this study, the downscaling effect was investigated by means of three spiral geometries with different cross sections, considering the achievable flow length as a response variable. Process indicators, called “process fingerprints”, were defined to monitor the process in-line. In the first stage, a relationship between the achievable flow length and the process parameters, as well as between the process fingerprints and the process parameters, was established. Subsequently, a correlation analysis was carried out to find the process indicators that are mostly related to the achievable flow length.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional quantification of twisting in the Arabidopsis petiole

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Otsuka ◽  
Hirokazu Tsukaya
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Observation Angle ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Light Sheet Microscopy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Twisting Angle

AbstractOrganisms have a variety of three-dimensional (3D) structures that change over time. These changes include twisting, which is 3D deformation that cannot happen in two dimensions. Twisting is linked to important adaptive functions of organs, such as adjusting the orientation of leaves and flowers in plants to align with environmental stimuli (e.g. light, gravity). Despite its importance, the underlying mechanism for twisting remains to be determined, partly because there is no rigorous method for quantifying the twisting of plant organs. Conventional studies have relied on approximate measurements of the twisting angle in 2D, with arbitrary choices of observation angle. Here, we present the first rigorous quantification of the 3D twisting angles of Arabidopsis petioles based on light sheet microscopy. Mathematical separation of bending and twisting with strict definition of petiole cross-sections were implemented; differences in the spatial distribution of bending and twisting were detected via the quantification of angles along the petiole. Based on the measured values, we discuss that minute degrees of differential growth can result in pronounced twisting in petioles.

scholarly journals Investigations on Torsion of the Two-Chords Single Laced Members

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Paweł Lorkowski ◽  
Bronisław Gosowski
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Second Moment ◽  
Steel Columns ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Traction Network ◽  
Railway Traction ◽  
Parametric Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The paper presents experimental and numerical studies to determine the equivalent second moment of area of the uniform torsion of the two-chord steel single laced members. The members are used as poles of railway traction network gates, and steel columns of framed buildings as well. The stiffness of uniform torsion of this kind of columns allows to the determine the critical loads of the spatial stability. The experimental studies have been realized on a single - span members with rotation arrested at their ends, loaded by a torque applied at the mid-span. The relationship between angle of rotation of the considered cross-section and the torque has been determined. Appropriate numerical model was created in the ABAQUS program, based on the finite element method. A very good compatibility has been observed between experimental and numerical studies. The equivalent second moment of area of the uniform torsion for analysed members has been determined by comparing the experimental and analytical results to those obtained from differential equation of non-uniform torsion, based on Vlasov’s theory. Additionally, the parametric analyses of similar members subjected to the uniform torsion, for the richer range of cross-sections have been carried out by the means of SOFiSTiK program. The purpose of the latter was determining parametrical formulas for calculation of the second moment of area of uniform torsion.

scholarly journals Business splitting: compliance with the principle of tax certainty in law enforcement practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Karina A. Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Splitting Scheme ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
New Business ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Definition Of

The subject. The problems of business splitting, when several new business entities are created on the basis of an existing organization in order to maintain a preferential special tax regime, are considered in the article. The aim of this paper is to find out criteria of unjustified tax benefit in the cases concerning business splitting. The methodology. The author uses methods of theoretical analysis, particularly the theory of integrative legal consciousness, as well as legal methods, including formal legal method and analysis of recent judicial practice. The main results, scope of application. The problems of assessing the circumstances of cases involving the application of a business splitting scheme by the taxpayer are inextricably linked to the assessment of the validity of the tax benefit. According to the author, splitting schemes should not be considered as tax evasion, but as an abuse of law. In addition, in order to substantiate the conclusion that a taxpayer has applied a business splitting scheme, the tax authority must have evidence that will indicate that the taxpayer has committed deliberate concerted actions together with persons under its control, aimed not so much at dividing the business as at obtaining an unjustified tax benefit as a result of using such a scheme. Judicial practice is quite ambiguous. Conclusions. The author comes to the conclusion that еhe key concept subject to criticism is the blurred criteria for obtaining tax benefits for taxpayers and the definition of the edge when it passes into the category of unjustified tax benefit.

scholarly journals Computational Analysis of the Pulmonary Arteries in Congenital Heart Disease: A Review of the Methods and Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
M. Conijn ◽  
G. J. Krings
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Definition Of

With the help of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), hemodynamics of the pulmonary arteries (PA’s) can be studied in detail and varying physiological circumstances and treatment options can be simulated. This offers the opportunity to improve the diagnostics and treatment of PA stenosis in biventricular congenital heart disease (CHD). The aim of this review was to evaluate the methods of computational studies for PA’s in biventricular CHD and the level of validation of the numerical outcomes. A total of 34 original research papers were selected. The literature showed a great variety in the used methods for (re) construction of the geometry as well as definition of the boundary conditions and numerical setup. There were 10 different methods identified to define inlet boundary conditions and 17 for outlet boundary conditions. A total of nine papers verified their CFD outcomes by comparing results to clinical data or by an experimental mock loop. The diversity in used methods and the low level of validation of the outcomes result in uncertainties regarding the reliability of numerical studies. This limits the current clinical utility of CFD for the study of PA flow in CHD. Standardization and validation of the methods are therefore recommended.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING USING AUTOMATED SYSTEM OF OPTIMUM STRUCTURE CHOICE FOR GROUND-SURFACE PUBLIC CONVEYANCES

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
Наталия Кузнецова ◽  
Nataliya Kuznetsova ◽  
Татьяна Карлова ◽  
Tatyana Karlova ◽  
Александр Бекмешов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Surface ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Optimum Structure ◽  
Database Queries ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Motion Speed ◽  
Definition Of

The article is devoted to the application of a special software complex for the definition of an opti-mum set of means of urban public groundsurface conveyances. In the paper are presented the existing software solutions meant for the definition of an optimum route, their basic merits and demerits are revealed, the methods for the solution of a problem in search of an op-timum set of means of ground surface public conveyance taking into account a maximum amount of factors affecting a motion speed are offered. The authors have presented a structure of an automated system for a choice of an optimum structure in ground surface public conveyances and also there are shown fragments of a corresponding program code and database queries. In the paper particular attention is paid to the working modes of an appendix presented, in particular, for the situation in the absence of customer’s device connection to the basic computer system.

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