History of Leukemia: Diagnosis and Treatment from Beginning to Now

In 1845, leukemia was known as a systemic illness; and it was more than 100 years later that the first report of a significant therapy for leukemia was published in 1948. Leukemia was known as a multifactorial disease rather than a single disease till 1900. In 1965, less than 1% of children with acute leukemia were predictable to have long-term survivors; today, approximately 80% of children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia are cured, these achievements are due to the cooperative effort of researchers and physicians in the field. Despite this success, leukemia is still the leading cause of death globally. This review aims to elucidate the history of leukemia from the beginning of the 19th century when scientists defined unusual disorders of the blood cells, till present. Additionally, we tried to discuss the history of the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia with particular emphasis on acute leukemia. [GMJ.2017;6(1):12-22]

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How I treat hematologic emergencies in adults with acute leukemia

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2012-04-424440 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 120 (10) ◽

pp. 1993-2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Tsila Zuckerman ◽

Chezi Ganzel ◽

Martin S. Tallman ◽

Jacob M. Rowe

Keyword(s):

Acute Leukemia ◽

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Practical Experience ◽

Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽

Neutropenic Enterocolitis ◽

Formidable Challenge ◽

Prospective Trials ◽

Long Term Survivors

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia remain devastating diseases. Only approximately 40% of younger and 10% of older adults are long-term survivors. Although curing the leukemia is always the most formidable challenge, complications from the disease itself and its treatment are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Such complications, discussed herein, include tumor lysis, hyperleukocytosis, cytarabine-induced cellebellar toxicity, acute promyelocytic leukemia differentiation syndrome, thrombohemorrhagic syndrome in acute promyelocytic leukemia, L-asparaginase-associated thrombosis, leukemic meningitis, neutropenic fever, neutropenic enterocolitis, and transfussion-associated GVHD. Whereas clinical trials form the backbone for the management of acute leukemia, emergent clinical situations, predictable or not, are common and do not readily lend themselves to clinical trial evaluation. Furthermore, practice guidelines are often lacking. Not only are prospective trials impractical because of the emergent nature of the issue at hand, but clinicians are often reluctant to randomize such patients. Extensive practical experience is crucial and, even if there is no consensus, management of such emergencies should be guided by an understanding of the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms.

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Visual attention in long-term survivors of leukemia receiving cranial radiation therapy

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617704102075 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 211-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

JEFFREY SCHATZ ◽

JOEL H. KRAMER ◽

ARTHUR R. ABLIN ◽

KATHERINE K. MATTHAY

Keyword(s):

Radiation Therapy ◽

Visual Attention ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Local Level ◽

Attention Deficits ◽

Spatial Orienting ◽

Cranial Radiation ◽

History Of ◽

Long Term Survivors

The effect of cranial radiation therapy (CRT) on visual attention was examined in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) compared to peers with no history of ALL (n= 24) using a cued orienting task and a global–local task. ALL participants treated with CRT (n= 13) demonstrated an increased cost in response time with invalid spatial orienting cues and inefficient shifts of attention across hierarchical levels. ALL participants treated only with chemotherapy (n= 8) showed performance similar to the non-ALL comparison group. Participants with exposure to CRT early in life appeared to largely account for the attention deficits, and showed particular difficulties with shifting attention from the local level of stimuli to the global level. The data are consistent with prior reports emphasizing attention deficits following CRT, and suggest that attention shifting may be particularly affected by CRT early in life. (JINS, 2004,10, 211–220.)

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Anthropometry in Long-Term Survivors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Childhood and Adolescence

Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/ey.15.9.2 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Collins L ◽

Beaumont L ◽

Cranston A ◽

Savoie S ◽

Nayiager T ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Long Term Survivors

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Asymptomatic kidney stones in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1135846.592934 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Craig Langman ◽

Kimberley Dilley

Keyword(s):

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Kidney Stones ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Long Term Survivors

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Promoting astronomy in developing countries: an historical perspective

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s174392130700662x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2 (SPS5) ◽

pp. 21-24

Author(s):

Rajesh Kochhar

Keyword(s):

Geographical Area ◽

Modern Science ◽

Deficiency Syndrome ◽

Multi Stage ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

Mind Set ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

Astronomical Instrument

AbstractAny international effort to promote astronomy world wide today must necessarily take into account its cultural and historical component. The past few decades have ushered in an age, which we may call the Age of Cultural Copernicanism. In analogy with the cosmological principle that the universe has no preferred location or direction, Cultural Copernicanism would imply that no cultural or geographical area, or ethnic or social group, can be deemed to constitute a superior entity or a benchmark for judging or evaluating others.In this framework, astronomy (as well as science in general) is perceived as a multi-stage civilizational cumulus where each stage builds on the knowledge gained in the previous stages and in turn leads to the next. This framework however is a recent development. The 19th century historiography consciously projected modern science as a characteristic product of the Western civilization decoupled from and superior to its antecedents, with the implication that all material and ideological benefits arising from modern science were reserved for the West.As a reaction to this, the orientalized East has often tended to view modern science as “their” science, distance itself from its intellectual aspects, and seek to defend, protect and reinvent “our” science and the alleged (anti-science) Eastern mode of thought. This defensive mind-set works against the propagation of modern astronomy in most of the non-Western countries. There is thus a need to construct a history of world astronomy that is truly universal and unselfconscious.Similarly, the planetarium programs, for use the world over, should be culturally sensitive. The IAU can help produce cultural-specific modules. Equipped with this paradigmatic background, we can now address the question of actual means to be adopted for the task at hand. Astronomical activity requires a certain minimum level of industrial activity support. Long-term maintenance of astronomical equipment is not a trivial task. There are any number of examples of an expensive facility falling victim to AIDS: Astronomical Instrument Deficiency Syndrome. The facilities planned in different parts of the world should be commensurate with the absorbing power of the acceptor rather than the level of the gifter.

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Nutritional status and physical activity of childhood leukemia survivors

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi54.2.2014.67-72 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Conny Tanjung ◽

Johannes Bondan Lukito ◽

Prima Dyarti Meylani

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Childhood Leukemia ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Induction Phase ◽

Childhood All ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Long Term Survivors ◽

First Time

Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the mostcommon malignancy of childhood, has an overall cure rate ofapproximately 80%. Long-term survivors of childhood ALL areat increased risk for obesity and physical inactivity that may leadto the development of diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome,as well as cardiovascular dis eases, and related mortality in theyears following treatment.Objective To evaluate the physical activity and the propensityfor developing obesity longer term in ALL survivors.Methods This retrospective cohort study included all ALLsurvivors from Pantai Indah Kapuk (PIK) Hospital. We assessedtheir physical activity and nutritional status at the first time ofALL diagnosis an d at the time of interview.Results Subjects were 15 ALL survivors aged 7 to 24 years. Themedian fo llow up time was 6.4 years (range 3 to 10 years). Only2 out of 15 survivors were overweight and n one were obese.All survivors led a sedentary lifestyle. Most female subjectshad increased BMI, though most were not overweight/obese.Steroid therapy in the induction phase did not increase the riskof developing obesity in ALL survivors.Conclusion Lon g-term survivors of childh ood ALL do not meetphysical activity recommendations according to the CDC (Centersfor Disease Control). Howevei; steroid therapy do not seem tolead to overweight/obesity in ALL survivors.

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