Shylock in Buchenwald

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Gad Kaynar-Kissinger
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Merchant Of Venice ◽  
World War ◽  
National Theatre ◽  
The Merchant Of Venice ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
German Jewish ◽  
Second World

Can The Merchant of Venice be performed in Germany after the Holocaust, and if so, how? Is the claim that the play is a touchstone for German-Jewish relations, with a philosemitic tradition – and therefore eligible to be performed today – verifiable? The article begins by briefly surveying this tradition from the Jewish emancipation in the mid-eighteenth century, which, with a few relapses, continued – especially in productions directed by Jews and/or with Jewish actors in the role of Shylock – until the rise of the Nazi regime, to be resumed after the Second World War. The main part analyses a test case, staged by the Israeli director Hanan Snir at the Weimar National Theatre (1995), and intended rhetorically to avenge the Holocaust on the German audience: Merchant as a viciously antisemitic play-within-a-play, directed by SS personnel in the nearby Buchenwald concentration camp with eventually murdered Jewish inmates compelled to play the Jewish parts.

Shylock in Buchenwald

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Gad Kaynar-Kissinger
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Merchant Of Venice ◽  
World War ◽  
National Theatre ◽  
The Merchant Of Venice ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
German Jewish ◽  
Second World

Abstract Can The Merchant of Venice be performed in Germany after the Holocaust, and if so, how? Is the claim that the play is a touchstone for German-Jewish relations, with a philosemitic tradition – and therefore eligible to be performed today – verifiable? The article begins by briefly surveying this tradition from the Jewish emancipation in the mideighteenth century, which, with a few relapses, continued – especially in productions directed by Jews and/or with Jewish actors in the role of Shylock – until the rise of the Nazi regime, to be resumed after the Second World War. The main part analyses a test case, staged by the Israeli director Hanan Snir at the Weimar National Theatre (1995), and intended rhetorically to avenge the Holocaust on the German audience: Merchant as a viciously antisemitic play with in a play, directed by SS personnel in the nearby Buchenwald concentration camp with eventually murdered Jewish inmates compelled to play the Jewish parts.

II. The Role of a Theologian in Genocide Prevention: Theology in Postgenocide Rwanda

Horizons ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
Elisee Rutagambwa
Keyword(s):  
International Community ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
World Community ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Face ◽  
Second World

When the world came to its senses after the Second World War and reports of the horrors of the Holocaust began to spread, the international community reacted with disbelief. And when reality proved much worse than even the worst nightmare, the world community reacted unanimously with a general outcry: crimes of this magnitude must never happen again. It appeared quite clear that, in the future, the international community would never again remain inactive in the face of such appalling tragedy. Yet, the firm imperative “never again” has become “again and again,” and the same dreadful crimes have been repeated in many parts of the world.

scholarly journals Discourse of the postgeneration: Remembrance and identity of the descendants of the perpetrators and the victims of the holocaust

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Julija Matejic
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
World War ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Family ◽  
Perpetrators And Victims ◽  
Second World

By analyzing the role of the family in the process of inter/transgenerational inheritance of trauma and memory (remembrance), the paper is an attempt at providing an answer to how the un-experienced past affects the lives of the descendants of the direct perpetrators and victims of the Holocaust, or rather, how it affects the identity forming of the so-called postgeneration. As the temporal distance from the Second World War increases, and as the number of those with immediate experiences and memories decreases, the expressions like memory and remembrance begin to lose their conventional meaning. As the research shows, even with the lack of first-hand experience, the descendents of those who survived mass traumatic events are subjectively deeply attached to the memory of the previous generation (so much so that they label that attachment as remembrance, and they feel their parents? traumas as their own). Given the fact that it is not possible to physically transfer the trauma and memory to descendants, the paper analyzes and compares the terminology that the professional literature has adopted so far, i.e. secondary traumatization (in case of a child), tertian traumatization (in case of a grandchild), as well as echoes of the trauma and postmemory. The main thesis of this paper is that echoes of the memory and echoes of the trauma cause the so-called identity crisis of the Holocaust postgeneration, that is, only facing the past leads to postgeneration?s coming to terms with it.

Deutsche und jüdische Ruinen der Erinnerung in Worms und Hamburg

Aschkenas ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Roemer
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
German Jewish ◽  
Memorial Sites ◽  
Second World ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractIn addition to being witnesses of a vanished past, ruins refer to the former building and tell the story of its destruction. Two ruins, which can also be described as memorial sites, can exemplify different strategies of dealing with these material remnants: the destroyed synagogue of Worms and the St Nikolai Church in Hamburg. The destroyed synagogue of Worms was rebuilt as a symbol of the history of the Jewish community prior to 1933 and as a memorial to the Holocaust. In contrast, the St Nikolai Church in Hamburg was left in ruins which constitute a memorial for the air raids as well as a reminder of the Nazi crimes. The following article will reflect on these different strategies and on the reactions and perceptions of the visitors. Furthermore it will try to reveal the different levels of meaning and the interconnectedness of the memories of the German-Jewish past, the Second World War and the Holocaust.

scholarly journals The wall of silence surrounding literature and remembrance: Varlam Shalamov’s “Artificial Limbs”, Etc. as a metaphor of the soviet empire

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Marcin Kępiński
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Artificial Limbs ◽  
World War ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The World ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Second World

Literature of an autobiographical character acquires a special significance in the world of the bloody tragic events of the 20th century, i.e. the Holocaust, the Second World War, the realities of the Nazi and Soviet totalitarianisms, death camps, and forced labour. Those are the recollections of experienced trauma which shatters identity, and of existential experiences of a borderline nature, of which Shalamov, a witness to the epoch, felt an obligation to talk. An anthropological analysis of Varlam Shalamov’s short story titled Artificial Limbs, Etc. enables one to grasp the role of memory and autobiographical testimony as a kind of cultural and literary antidote to silence and memory distorted by the Soviet totalitarianism. The author of Kolyma Tales offered a faithful description of a world outside the‘human’ world, one which was almost impossible to describe due to its inherent moral void, level of violence, and fear of the authorities who made people forget about the crimes, victims, and oppressors.

scholarly journals Revisionism and Neo-Revisionism in Russian Foreign Policy: Reflecting on the Book by Sakwa R. Russia’s Futures. Polity Press, 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-193
Author(s):  
Daria B. Kazarinova
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Security Dilemma ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Russian Politics ◽  
Second World

This article analyzes the latest book by the British expert on Russian politics R. Sakwa, his key conceptual ideas, key characteristics, contradictions and challenges (between the “stabilocracy” and “securocracy”, incompleteness of modernization and neo-modernization, the letter and spirit of Russian constitutionalism) of modern Russia. We analyze his arguments about the variety of interpretations of the concept of “normality” in relation to Russia as opposed to Western approaches. The contradictions of the New cold war grow into a clash of epistemologies / narratives / discourses / values, in which framing and the accusation of revisionism becomes a tool. We emphasize the fundamental difference in approaches to defining concepts of revisionism and neo-revisionism, trace the dialectic of these concepts from a neo-Marxist understanding to a geopolitical one, generalize the existing definitions, including the understanding of neo-revisionism as an integral attribute of emerging power, which R. Sakwa also adheres to. The revision of history, especially the memory of war, is a powerful propaganda tool for the clash of narratives. In context of development of the “mnemonic security dilemma” (D. Efremenko), the change of the Holocaust narrative to the narrative of the “war of two totalitarianisms” in Europe, Russia should adopt a number of principles for working in the field of historical memory of the Second World War, including new interpretations for the role of China in the victory over fascism.

Railway workers in Second World War: Towards a reconciliation in historiography?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Noëlle Polino
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
Historical Investigation ◽  
Railway Workers ◽  
Second World

New developments in research about the role of railway workers in the holocaust reopen the historical discussion and the public debates on the responsibility of agencies and individuals in the deportation of the Jews during Second World War. The role of French railway employees is central in the controversy. This paper, focusing on new publications regarding the case of France, aims to summarize the debate and offers two main questions, which still ask for more historical investigation.

Gender Perspectives on the Rescue of Jews in Poland

2018 ◽  
pp. 407-426
Author(s):  
Joanna B. Michlic
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
Analytical Studies ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Gender Perspectives ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Second World

HISTORIANS have only recently begun to rectify the neglect of the study of women’s experiences in eastern Europe during the Second World War.1 One area in which there have been very few analytical studies is the role of women in both the rescue and the betrayal of Jewish fugitives during the Holocaust. Little work has been done on the relationships between female rescuers and their Jewish charges,...

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