scholarly journals Desired formality

Focaal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Sofía Ugarte
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Good Life ◽  
State Policies ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Haitian Women ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Precarious Labor ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
And Control ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

Formal work is essential to gain legal residence in Chile and the reason why Latin American and Caribbean migrants purchase fake contracts on the black market. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with migrant Haitian women applying for work visas in Santiago, this article explores the effects of desired formality and its promises of a good life on contemporary statehood in Chile. The analysis shows how Haitian women’s efforts to become formal workers transform their experiences as racialized and gendered migrants in Chile, and impact how state institutions manage and control migration. Desired formality reveals the paradoxical character of state policies that help create a racialized and precarious labor force within its legal frameworks and explain why migrants attach themselves to fragile good-life projects in new countries.

scholarly journals The use of antimicrobial-impregnated fabrics in health services: an integrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Schneider ◽  
Felipe Lazarini Bim ◽  
Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa ◽  
Evandro Watanabe ◽  
Denise de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
And Control ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

Objective: to analyze evidence concerning the feasibility of antimicrobial-impregnated fabrics in preventing and controlling microbial transmission in health services. Method: an integrative review using the following databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), regardless of language and date of publication. Seven studies were included in the analysis to verify the types of fabrics and substances used to impregnate the fabrics, applicability in health services, and decrease in microbial load. Results: silver nanoparticles and copper oxide are the main antimicrobial substances used to impregnate the fabrics. The patients’ use of these fabrics, such as in bed and bath linens and clothing, was more effective in reducing antimicrobial load than in health workers’ uniforms. Conclusion: the use of these antimicrobial-impregnated textiles, especially by patients, is a viable alternative to prevent and control microbial transmission in health services. Implementing these fabrics in health workers’ uniforms requires further studies, however, to verify its effectiveness in decreasing microbial load in clinical practice.

Epidemiology of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo ◽  
Jose Lopez-Lopez ◽  
Daniel Cohen ◽  
Natalia Alarcon-Ariza ◽  
Margarita Mogollon-Zehr
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Control

: Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are two important risk factors that contribute to cardiovascular diseases worldwide. In Latin America hypertension prevalence varies from 30 to 50%. Moreover, the proportion of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension is very low. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus varies from 8 to 13% and near to 40% are unaware of their condition. In addition, the prevalence of prediabetes varies from 6 to 14% and this condition has been also associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The principal factors linked to a higher risk of hypertension in Latin America are increased adiposity, low muscle strength, unhealthy diet, low physical activity and low education. Besides being chronic conditions, leading causes of cardiovascular mortality, both hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus represent a substantial cost for the weak health systems of Latin American countries. Therefore, is necessary to implement and reinforce public health programs to improve awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, in order to reach the mandate of the Unit Nations of decrease the premature mortality for CVD.

Displacement, Estrangement and Sovereignty: Reconfiguring State Power in Urban South Africa

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren B. Landau ◽  
Tamlyn Monson
Keyword(s):  
Academic Writing ◽  
State Power ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Transnational Governance ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
Urban South ◽  
Urban Africa ◽  
Victims Of Violence

AbstractAcademic writing often portrays migrants as either passive victims of violence and aid recipients or as courageous heroes facing horrific indifference and hazards. This article recodes them and their activities as potent forces for reshaping practices of state power. In this depiction, displacement also becomes a lens for re-evaluating the nature of sovereignty in urban Africa. Through its focus on Johannesburg this article explores how migrant communities intentionally and inadvertently evade, erode and exploit state policies, practices and shortcomings. Rather than being bound by their ambiguous status, they exploit their exclusion to exercise forms of autonomy and freedom in their engagement with the state and its street-level manifestations. Through these interactions, displacement and the continued mobility of urban residents is generating new forms of non-state-centric urban sovereignties and new patterns of transnational governance shaped, but not controlled, by state institutions. To recognize these evolving configurations we must look beyond Manichaean perspectives to see the full nature and degree of territorial control.

scholarly journals Practices of sustainability and the enactment of their natures/cultures: Ecosystem services, rights of nature, and geoengineering

2021 ◽  
pp. 053901842199894
Author(s):  
Frank Adloff ◽  
Iris Hilbrich
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Knowledge Cultures ◽  
Rights Of Nature ◽  
Value Of Nature ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

Possible trajectories of sustainability are based on different concepts of nature. The article starts out from three trajectories of sustainability (modernization, transformation and control) and reconstructs one characteristic practice for each path with its specific conceptions of nature. The notion that nature provides human societies with relevant ecosystem services is typical of the path of modernization. Nature is reified and monetarized here, with regard to its utility for human societies. Practices of transformation, in contrast, emphasize the intrinsic ethical value of nature. This becomes particularly apparent in discourses on the rights of nature, whose starting point can be found in Latin American indigenous discourses, among others. Control practices such as geoengineering are based on earth-systemic conceptions of nature, in which no distinction is made between natural and social systems. The aim is to control the earth system as a whole in order for human societies to remain viable. Practices of sustainability thus show different ontological understandings of nature (dualistic or monistic) on the one hand and (implicit) ethics and sacralizations (anthropocentric or biocentric) on the other. The three reconstructed natures/cultures have different ontological and ethical affinities and conflict with each other. They are linked to very different knowledge cultures and life-worlds, which answer very differently to the question of what is of value in a society and in nature and how these values ought to be protected.

The Strange Silence of Latin American Political Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 147892992110233
Author(s):  
Cristian Pérez-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The Political ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Editorial Boards ◽  
Latin America And Caribbean ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

Political theorists affiliated with Latin American and Caribbean academic institutions rarely publish in flagship journals or other important outlets of the discipline. Similarly, they are not members of the editorial boards of high-ranking, generalist or subfield journals, and their research is not included in the political theory canon of what students from other regions study. The aim of this article is not to explain the origins of this silence—though some possibilities are considered—but to describe some of the ways in which it manifests and why it matters. I argue that the exclusion or omission of Latin American and Caribbean voices is a negative outcome not only for Latin American and Caribbean political theorist but for the political theory subfield at large. In response, I defend a context-sensitive approach to political theory, which has the potential to provide greater voice to Latin American and Caribbean scholars while improving theoretical analysis of Latin America and Caribbean.

scholarly journals Applications of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Emphasis on Clostridioides difficile Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 016-020
Author(s):  
Juliana Peloso Signorette ◽  
Rômulo Tadeu Dias de Oliveira ◽  
José Maria Montiel ◽  
Priscila Larcher Longo
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
National Library ◽  
Electronic Library ◽  
Fecal Transplantation ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

Abstract Objective This study aimed to perform a comprehensive review of clinical trials using fecal microbiota transplantation in cases of Clostridioides difficile infection. Methods This manuscript reviews clinical studies published from 2003 to 2020 at the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO Brazil), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and US National Library of Medicine (MedLine/PubMed) databases using the descriptors antibiotic/antimicrobial, Clostridium difficile/Clostridioides difficile, intestinal microbiota/intestinal microbiome and fecal transplantation. Results Interventions on microbiota include the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation as therapeutic methods. Results show that fecal microbiota transplantation is an excellent alternative for the treatment of recurrent C. difficile infections.

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