scholarly journals Practices of sustainability and the enactment of their natures/cultures: Ecosystem services, rights of nature, and geoengineering

2021 ◽  
pp. 053901842199894
Author(s):  
Frank Adloff ◽  
Iris Hilbrich
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Knowledge Cultures ◽  
Rights Of Nature ◽  
Value Of Nature ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

Possible trajectories of sustainability are based on different concepts of nature. The article starts out from three trajectories of sustainability (modernization, transformation and control) and reconstructs one characteristic practice for each path with its specific conceptions of nature. The notion that nature provides human societies with relevant ecosystem services is typical of the path of modernization. Nature is reified and monetarized here, with regard to its utility for human societies. Practices of transformation, in contrast, emphasize the intrinsic ethical value of nature. This becomes particularly apparent in discourses on the rights of nature, whose starting point can be found in Latin American indigenous discourses, among others. Control practices such as geoengineering are based on earth-systemic conceptions of nature, in which no distinction is made between natural and social systems. The aim is to control the earth system as a whole in order for human societies to remain viable. Practices of sustainability thus show different ontological understandings of nature (dualistic or monistic) on the one hand and (implicit) ethics and sacralizations (anthropocentric or biocentric) on the other. The three reconstructed natures/cultures have different ontological and ethical affinities and conflict with each other. They are linked to very different knowledge cultures and life-worlds, which answer very differently to the question of what is of value in a society and in nature and how these values ought to be protected.

Payment for Ecosystem Services policies in Peru: assessing the social and ecological dimensions of water services in the upper Santa River basin 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa María Dextre ◽  
María Luisa Eschenhagen ◽  
Mirtha Camacho ◽  
Sally Rangecroft ◽  
Laurence Couldrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Payment For Ecosystem Services ◽  
Metabolic Pattern ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Latin American Region

<p>Increasing pressures on ecosystems in the Latin American region as well as the adoption of multilateral conservation commitments have led to the implementation of instruments that are economic in nature but oriented towards the recovery, conservation, and functioning of ecosystems. The increasing adoption of schemes such as payment for ecosystem services (PES) has emerged as multilateral strategies to address water security problems in the mountain regions of Perú. However, their design and implementation can face many barriers when the policy is translated into practice in a local context. Socio-economic processes and hydro-climatic factors are affecting the capacity of the ecosystems of the glaciated Cordillera Blanca (Peruvian Andes) to provide water services, in terms of both, quality and quantity, to the main users of the Santa River basin. This study thus aims to analyze how the hydro-social relations affect, and are affected by, the introduction of water-related PES in the Quillcay sub-basin, one of the most populated sub-basin along the Santa River basin. The water metabolism approach was used to characterize water as a service produced by ecological systems (water as an ecological fund) and co-produced by social systems (water as a social flow). For this purpose, a classification of the different social and ecological uses and meanings of water was used, as well as the role of the different actors involved. </p><p>Based on the combination of primary data, both from an urban citizens survey (Huaraz) and semi-structured interviews with different actors, and from secondary sources, we present evidence that the metabolic pattern of water in the upper Santa basin is impacted not only by the glacial meltwater and rainwater regime but also by political, economic and cultural power relations over water. Thus, the implementation of a PES policy in the upper Santa basin affects and is affected by, ecological and social dimensions of water. In the ecological dimension, glacial retreat makes the design of a water-related PES more complex. In the social dimension, some socio-political processes, such as the lack of experience and the limited technical and financial capacity of public water management institutions to carry out these processes, as well as the lack of political will of regional and local authorities to promote them, are affecting the way these PES schemes are implemented. Along with these institutional bottlenecks, local socio-cultural processes related to a lack of interest in participating and demanding to participate in these decision-making processes could result in the design of a mechanism in which not all stakeholders benefit equally. This raises the need to recognize the multi-dimensional nature of water in the design and implementation of policies, and the importance of identifying processes and barriers which affect the success of these policies.</p>

‘The Power of Radio’: Radio and Social Change

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bedford
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Governmental Regulation ◽  
Media Activism ◽  
Radio Broadcasting ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

This chapter utilizes the Prison Radio Association's (PRA) core statement regarding ‘the power of radio’ as a starting point from which to explore the key ideas around radio as a socially and individually transformative medium in order to inform the understanding of how it came to be used in prison. The chapter outlines the shifting relationship between radio broadcasting and social change and argues that the evolution and establishment of radio within prisons is indicative of new opportunities for media activism, demonstrating the enduring social relevance and impact of radio. The chapter also places the development of National Prison Radio within a wider debate on the history and future of noncommercial broadcasting, based on the balance between governmental regulation and control on the one hand, and the countercultural opportunities it produces on the other.

Coupling Human - Earth Systems for Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojie Fu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Earth Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

<p><strong>Coupling Human - Earth Systems for Sustainability</strong></p><p><strong> </strong><strong>Bojie Fu</strong></p><p>(State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China</p><p>Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China)</p><p>Abstract: Human influence on the natural environment has intensified, and the earth has entered the stage of Anthropocene. Earth surface processes are gradually dominated by human behavior, resulting in numerous resources, disasters and ecological problems. The ecosystem services of 60% are degradation in the world. The one of major challenges facing the world’s people are meeting the needs of people today and in the future, and sustaining atmosphere, water, soil and biological products which provided by ecosystems. We will present how to coupling human-earth system and propose the research priorities. They are: (1) Integrating research on multiple processes of water, soil, air and ecosystem; (2) Cascades of ecosystem structure, functions and services; (3) Feedback mechanisms of natural and social systems; (4) Data, models and simulation of sustainable development;(5) Mechanism, approach and policy of sustainable development.<strong> </strong>Finally, a case study in the Loess plateau of China, an area suffered from severe soil erosion in the world was taken. The changes in four key ecosystem services including water regulation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration, and grain production were assessed and the trade off among the ecosystem services were analysed under the changing landscapes due to the Chinese government’s implementation of the Grain to Green Program (GTGP). We found that ecosystem services convert significantly. The adaptive management strategy was discussed aiming on restoring and improving the sustainable capability of ecosystems providing services, based on the understanding of structure, function and dynamics of ecosystem.</p>

scholarly journals Aspects of Bio-Economic Revolution in Agriculture

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana SANDU ◽  
Iudith IPATE ◽  
Oana - Ioana POP ◽  
Vergina CHIRIÅ¢ESCU ◽  
Mihaela KRUSZLICIKA
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Creative Mind ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The One ◽  
Natural Purpose ◽  
Soil Climate

Revolution, especially in science, will always be regarded with anxiety because nothing can be more terrible than the fear of a creative mind to see, after years in which he painstakingly built and effort building your own system, placed the foundation of what was thought to be granite truth, that a heretic, came amiss, it looks like a mysterious magician, his certainty that the stone was just an illusion, a disguised form of nothingness. In saying this, to reach a truly exceptional, postulated by Romanian and universal while Nicholas Georgescu - Roegen , a vision which alone would be enough to put this so little known, however, thinker, the genius category. It is the distinction between growth and development   , two words so often confused and sometimes used in theory and practice of economic thought. It essentially says N. Georgescu - Roegen - in the footsteps of his master's from Harvard, Joseph A. Schumpeter, " growth is to produce more, develop, produce different ". Dominated by the idea of perpetual accumulation, mankind has been for centuries and longer still, in constant pursuit for the "more", without understanding the truth that, in fact, natural purpose is "to be" in a context of quality - and morally - superior. Escape the trap of this "more", with its subsidiary "faster" as a solution to living better and more complete quality is necessary and possible. The starting point in bio-economic theory of N. Georgescu - Roegen was the finding that the survival of mankind has a problem entirely different from that of other species is neither exclusively biological nor exclusively economic: is bio-economic characteristics and traits depend on many asymmetries that exist between the three sources of entropy which together form the heritage of humanity - free energy, received from the sun, on the one hand, and free energy and materials ordered structures hidden in the bowels of the earth, on the other. Systems bio-economic farming involves all elements: water, air, soil, climate, plants, animals, etc., creating natural products, whether we call organic, biological, organic, etc.. Development and use growing as scientific knowledge, research, emphasizes rationality in economic activity, thus ensuring the premise to increase economic efficiency in bio-economic conditions.

Coupling Human - Earth Systems for Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojie Fu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Earth Systems ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

<p>Human influence on the natural environment has intensified, and the earth has entered the stage of Anthropocene. Earth surface processes are gradually dominated by human behavior, resulting in numerous resources, disasters and ecological problems. The ecosystem services of 60% are degradation in the world. The one of major challenges facing the world’s people are meeting the needs of people today and in the future, and sustaining atmosphere, water, soil and biological products which provided by ecosystems. We will present how to coupling human-earth system and propose the research priorities. They are: (1) Integrating research on multiple processes of water, soil, air and ecosystem; (2) Cascades of ecosystem structure, functions and services; (3) Feedback mechanisms of natural and social systems; (4) Data, models and simulation of sustainable development;(5) Mechanism, approach and policy of sustainable development. Finally, a case study in the Loess plateau of China, an area suffered from severe soil erosion in the world was taken. The changes in four key ecosystem services including water regulation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration, and grain production were assessed and the trade off among the ecosystem services were analysed under the changing landscapes due to the Chinese government’s implementation of the Grain to Green Program (GTGP). We found that ecosystem services convert significantly. The adaptive management strategy was discussed aiming on restoring and improving the sustainable capability of ecosystems providing services, based on the understanding of structure, function and dynamics of ecosystem.</p><p> </p>

LIBERALISM BEFORE JUSTICE

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 354-371
Author(s):  
Eric MacGilvray
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Principles Of Justice ◽  
Just Society ◽  
The One

Abstract:The ideal theory debate rests on two conflicting claims: that justice is “the first virtue of social systems” (justice first), and that a just society is one in which “everyone accepts and knows that the others accept the same principles of justice” (universal consent). Justice first holds that questions about the meaning of justice — and thus about what an ideally just society would look like — must be settled before we can effectively pursue justice. However, universal consent entails a project of justification that can only take place over time. I propose that we avoid this impasse by treating freedom rather than justice as the “first virtue” of a liberal society. Liberal freedom has two distinct and complementary dimensions, which give rise to two distinct and complementary moral aims: on the one hand, to create the social conditions that make responsible agency possible (republican freedom), and on the other hand to carve out a social space within which the demands of responsible agency are relaxed or absent (market freedom). Striking the appropriate balance between these two dimensions of liberal freedom is irreducibly a matter of judgment. A freedom-centered liberalism therefore requires that we treat justice as the endpoint rather than the starting point of political action, thus severing the link between legitimacy and consent.

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

The Road to the Baccalaureate

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-442
Author(s):  
Dina Ghazzawi ◽  
Lyle McKinney ◽  
Catherine Lynn Horn ◽  
Vincent Carales ◽  
Andrea Burridge
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Academic Preparedness ◽  
African Students ◽  
Bachelor Degree ◽  
Caribbean Students ◽  
The Road ◽  
Community College District ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Delayed Enrollment ◽  
Sub Saharan

International students are increasingly enrolling in U.S community colleges as a starting point to their higher education. However, limited research examines the factors contributing to their successful transfer to a 4-year institution and bachelor degree attainment. Utilizing longitudinal transcript data from a large community college district in Texas, this study uses hierarchical logistical regression to compare college experiences and transfer outcomes based on region of origin. Findings demonstrate that while Sub-Saharan African students have a significantly higher probability of transfer than Asian and Latin American students, the majority of bachelor degree recipients were Asian students graduating in STEM fields. Delayed enrollment into college and academic preparedness in math were negatively associated with transfer for Latin American and Caribbean students.

Potential of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch as Biogas Substrate

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Vincentius Vincentius ◽  
Evita H. Legowo ◽  
Irvan S. Kartawiria
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Wet Fermentation ◽  
Water Ratio

Natural gas is a source of energy that comes from the earth which is depleting every day, an alternative source of energy is needed and one of the sources comes from biogas. There is an abundance of empty fruit bunch (EFB) that comes from palm oil plantation that can become a substrate for biogas production. A methodology of fermentation based on Verein Deutscher Ingenieure was used to utilize EFB as a substrate to produce biogas using biogas sludge and wastewater sludge as inoculum in wet fermentation process under mesophilic condition. Another optimization was done by adding a different water ratio to the inoculum mixture. In 20 days, an average of 6gr from 150gr of total EFB used in each sample was consumed by the microbes. The best result from 20 days of experiment with both biogas sludge and wastewater sludge as inoculum were the one added with 150gr of water that produced 2910ml and 2185ml of gas respectively. The highest CH 4 produced achieved from biogas sludge and wastewater sludge with an addition of 150gr of water to the inoculum were 27% and 22% CH 4 respectively. This shows that biogas sludge is better in term of volume of gas that is produced and CH percentage.

Pablo Neruda's Transnational Modernist Networks: Colombo-Madrid-London-Buenos Aires (1927–1933)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-225
Author(s):  
Patricia Novillo-Corvalán
Keyword(s):  
Chamber Music ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Complex Composition ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
The One ◽  
Composition Process ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Standing Question

This article positions Pablo Neruda's poetry collection Residence on Earth I (written between 1925–1931 and published in 1933) as a ‘text in transit’ that allows us to trace the development of transnational modernist networks through the text's protracted physical journey from British colonial Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) to Madrid, and from José Ortega y Gasset's Revista de Occidente (The Western Review) to T. S. Eliot's The Criterion. By mapping the text's diasporic movement, I seek to reinterpret its complex composition process as part of an anti-imperialist commitment that proposes a form of aesthetic solidarity with artistic modernism in Ceylon, on the one hand, and as a vehicle through which to interrogate the reception and categorisation of Latin American writers and their cultural institutions in a British periodical such as The Criterion, on the other. I conclude with an examination of Neruda's idiosyncratic Spanish translation of Joyce's Chamber Music, which was published in the Buenos Aires little magazine Poesía in 1933, positing that this translation exercise takes to further lengths his decolonising views by giving new momentum to the long-standing question of Hiberno-Latin American relations.

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