scholarly journals Short Communication: Elevated Concentrations of Oleic Acid and Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Milk Fat of Multiparous Subclinical Ketotic Cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 4683-4686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.N.T. Van Haelst ◽  
A. Beeckman ◽  
A.T.M. Van Knegsel ◽  
V. Fievez
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Chloroacetamide Mode of Action, I: Inhibition of Very Long Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis in Scenedesmus acutus

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 995-1003 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Resistant Cell Line ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Scenedesmus Acutus ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Herbicidal chloroacetamides cause a very sensitive inhibition of fatty acid incorporation into an insoluble cell wall fraction of Scenedesmus acutus. The molecular basis was investigated in more detail. After incubation of the algae with [14C]oleic acid and saponification, the remaining pellet was solubilized and fractionated consecutively with chloroform / methanol, phosphate buffer, amylase, pronase, and finally with dioxane/HCl. By acid hydrolysis in dioxane a part of the cell wall residue was solubilized showing inhibition of exogenously applied oleic acid and other labelled precursors such as stearic acid, palmitic acid, and acetate. After extraction of this dioxane-soluble subfraction with hexane, HPLC could separate labelled metabolites less polar than oleic acid. T heir formation was completely inhibited by chloroacetam ides, e.g. 1 μᴍ metazachlor. This effect was also observed with the herbicidally active 5-enantiomer of metolachlor while the inactive R-enantiomer had no influence. These strongly inhibited metabolites could be characterized by radio-HPLC /MS as very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) with a carbon chain between 20 and 26. Incubating am etazachlor-resistant cell line of S. acutus (Mz-1) with [14C]oleic acid, V LCFA s could not be detected in the dioxane/ HCl-subfraction. Furthermore, comparing the presence of endogenous fatty acids in wildtype and mutant Mz-1 the VLCFA content of the mutant is very low, while the content of long chain fatty acids (C16 -18) is increased, particularly oleic acid. Obviously, the phytotoxicity of chloroacetam ides in S. acutus is due to inhibition of VLCFA synthesis. The resistance of the mutant to metazachlor has a bearing on the higher amount of long chain fatty acids replacing the missing VLCFAs in essential membranes or cell wall components.

THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN THE DEVELOPING CASTOR BEAN

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Canvin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Diethyl Malonate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Acetate-1-C14 and acetate-2-C14 were supplied to slices of developing castor bean endosperm. The molecules were extensively incorporated into long-chain fatty acids, water-soluble compounds, and protein. Oleic acid was the fatty acid initially labelled from acetate and it was the precursor of ricinoleic acid. Aerobic conditions were required for the formation of oleic acid and for the conversion of oleic acid to ricinoleic acid. Under anaerobic conditions the incorporation of acetate carbon into fatty acids was inhibited more than 90% and almost all of the C14 was found in stearic and palmitic acids. Stearic acid appeared to be formed first and palmitic acid appeared to be derived from it through a shortening of the chain. The position of linoleic acid in the fatty acid interconversions was not clear except that it was not a free intermediate in the conversion of oleic acid to ricinoleic acid.Malonate-C14 was only absorbed slightly by the tissue and although absorption could be increased by the use of diethyl malonate the metabolism of the compound was not facilitated. Because of its poor utilization by the tissue the role of malonate in long-chain fatty acid synthesis in this tissue could not be ascertained.

The effects of fatty acids on pure cultures of rumen bacteria

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Selenomonas Ruminantium ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

SummaryThe effects of fatty acids, at low concentrations (0–005-O5 g/1), on the growth of seven species of rumen bacteria were examined.Anaerovibrio lipolytica(strain 5 S),Peptostreptococcus elsdenii(type 2),Bacteroides ruminicola46/52 andSelenomonas ruminantium(strain 17) were unaffected by addition of oleic acid to the medium. Growth ofButyrivibrioB 835 was stimulated by low concentrations of oleic (< 0–01 g/1), lauric (< 0–1 g/1) or capric (< 0–1 g/1) acids while higher concentrations of these acids were inhibitory. Myristic, palmitic and stearic acids were inhibitory at all concentrations tested.Ruminococcus4263/1 was inhibited at all concentrations of the six acids. Production of methane by pure cultures ofMethanobacterium ruminantiumwas also inhibited by the additions of long-chain fatty acids. Oleic acid was the most inhibitory of the series of acids. These results are consistent with the reported effects of lipids on rumen function.

The major fatty acids in whole milk fat and in a fraction obtained by crystallization from acetone

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Mattsson ◽  
P. Swartling ◽  
R. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetone Insoluble ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

SummarySummer and winter milk-fat samples from 14 dairies in Sweden were fractionated by crystallization from acetone solution (1:8) at 15 °C. The composition of the major fatty acids of the parent milk fat and of the acetone insoluble fraction were examined by GLC, and the gross triglyceride pattern by TLC on plates of silicic acid treated with silver nitrate.The fatty acid composition of the milk fat was similar to that of milk fat from other countries and varied according to season and also, to a smaller extent, from region to region. Four fractions, representing 33–45, 41–34, 18–14 and 7–6 % of the fat and which contained progressively smaller proportions of saturated acids, were obtained by TLC.The acetone insoluble glyceride (AIG) fraction was characterized by a smaller content of short-chain fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, and a larger content of saturated long-chain fatty acids, than the parent milk fat. AIGs from summer milk fat contained a larger proportion of C18 acids and a smaller proportion of C6–C16 acids than AIGs from winter milk fat.Four fractions representing 62–70, 15–8, 16–15 and 7 % of the AIG fraction were obtained by TLC. The distribution of the triglycerides in the AIG fraction differed from that in the parent milk fat, mostly in the relative amounts of glycerides in the 2 most saturated TLC fractions. The seasonal variation was largely confined to these 2 fractions.

scholarly journals A Review of the Metabolic Origins of Milk Fatty Acids

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamaria COZMA ◽  
Doina MIERE ◽  
Lorena FILIP ◽  
Sanda ANDREI ◽  
Roxana BANC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo Synthesis ◽  
Ruminal Biohydrogenation ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Milk fat and its fatty acid profile are important determinants of the technological, sensorial, and nutritional properties of milk and dairy products. The two major processes contributing to the presence of fatty acids in ruminant milk are the mammary lipogenesis and the lipid metabolism in the rumen. Among fatty acids, 4:0 to 12:0, almost all 14:0 and about a half of 16:0 in milk fat derive from de novo synthesis within the mammary gland. De novo synthesis utilizes as precursors acetate and butyrate produced through carbohydrates ruminal fermentation and involves acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase as key enzymes. The rest of 16:0 and all of the long-chain fatty acids derive from mammary uptake of circulating lipoproteins and nonesterified fatty acids that originate from digestive absorption of lipids and body fat mobilization. Further, long-chain fatty acids as well as medium-chain fatty acids entering the mammary gland can be desaturated via Δ-9 desaturase, an enzyme that acts by adding a cis-9-double bond on the fatty acid chain. Moreover, ruminal biohydrogenation of dietary unsaturated fatty acids results in the formation of numerous fatty acids available for incorporation into milk fat. Ruminal biohydrogenation is performed by rumen microbial population as a means of protection against the toxic effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Within the rumen microorganisms, bacteria are principally responsible for ruminal biohydrogenation when compared to protozoa and anaerobic fungi.

The effect of a blend of dietary unesterified and saturated long-chain fatty acids on the performance of dairy cows in mid-lactation

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
KR King ◽  
CR Stockdale ◽  
TE Trigg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

This experiment studied the effects of feeding a supplement of a blend of unesterified and saturated long-chain fatty acids on the productivity of dairy cows in mid-lactation. Twenty-three cows in their fourth month of lactation were individually fed ad libitum, a mixed balanced ration based on maize silage, lucerne hay and rolled grain. Varying quantities, up to 1020 g cow-1 day-1 of the fatty acid supplement, were mixed into the ration. Yields of milk and milk products were linearly related to total long-chain fatty acid intake. Milk fat content increased linearly while milk protein content averaged 3.59 (s.d. � 0.15)%. The marginal returns from feeding 1 kg of the supplement were 3.3 kg milk, 0.33 kg fat and 0.07 kg protein. The proportions of C 10:0, C12:0 and C 14:0 fatty acids in milk were decreased, while those of C 18:0 and C18:1 were increased as the result of feeding long-chain fatty acids. The concentration of lipid in plasma was increased, but acetate and D-(3)-hydroxybutyrate levels in blood remained unchanged with increased levels of dietary long-chain fatty acid. Efficiency of milk production was increased by 11% from feeding 1 kg of the supplement. In vivo digestibilities of dry matter, neutral and acid detergent fibres, and dietary long-chain fatty acids were unaffected by supplement.

Influence of management type and stage of lactation on the performance and milk fatty acid profile of dairy camels (Camelus dromedaries)

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (9) ◽  
pp. 1111-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moez Ayadi ◽  
Mohamed Hammadi ◽  
Ramon Casals ◽  
Moufida Atigui ◽  
Touhami Khorchani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Atherogenicity Index ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractThe current research paper addresses the hypothesis that management system (grazing vs. stabling) and/or stage of lactation (early- to late-lactation) can influence the lactation performance and milk fatty acid (MFA) profile in dromedary camels. The results obtained revealed that milk and protein yields of stabled camels were higher, while milk fat content was lower compared to grazing camels. In addition, stabled camels produced milk richer in short- and medium-chains fatty acids but lower in long-chain fatty acids and fatty acids linked with possible health benefits such as oleic acid, vaccenic acid (VA) and rumenic acid (RA), when compared to grazing camels. Moreover, atherogenicity index was higher, while overall Δ9-desaturase and health-promoting indices were lower in stabled camels. In a similar way, results demonstrated an increase in milk fat and protein contents as lactation advanced. In fact, camels at mid-lactation produced milk richer in short- and medium-chain fatty acids as well as total saturated fatty acids but poorer in oleic acid, VA, RA, long-chain fatty acids and total unsaturated fatty acids, when compared to milk samples collected at early stage of lactation. Moreover, compared to early- and late-lactations, atherogenicity index was higher while overall-Δ9-desaturase and health promoting indexes were lower at mid-lactation. In conclusion, the intensive stabling system and mid-lactation stage can alter lactation performance and MFA profile in dairy dromedary camels.

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