Effect of rumen-protected niacin on lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and performance of transition dairy cows

Effects of feeding calcium salts of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or trans octadecenoic acids (trans 18[ratio ]1) on lipid metabolism and hepatic contents of mRNA encoding carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) were examined in 15 early post-partum Holstein cows. Dietary treatments were initiated at approximately 4 weeks prior to expected calving dates and continued for 7 weeks post partum. Treatments prepartum consisted of 1) a basal diet (Control), 2) basal diet+150 g/d of CLA mix (CLA), or 3) basal diet+150 g/d of trans 18[ratio ]1 mix (TRANS). Intakes of calcium salts of CLA and trans 18[ratio ]1 mixes were adjusted to 225 g/d during the 7-week post-partum treatment period. Blood samples were collected at weeks 1, 2 and 4 post partum and plasma was harvested immediately for subsequent hormone and metabolite assays. Concentrations of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and leptin in blood did not vary among cows fed the three diets. Plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations decreased between weeks 1 and 4 of lactation and were lower in cows fed the diet supplemented with trans 18[ratio ]1 than in those fed a control diet at week 2 post partum. Periparturient fat supplementation had no detectable effects on CPT1 mRNA content in the liver. Steady-state concentration of MTP mRNA in the liver was greater in the TRANS treatment group than in the control group at week 1 post partum. Feeding trans 18[ratio ]1 supplements to transition dairy cows upregulated hepatic PPARα mRNA content during the first month of lactation. Under the present experimental conditions, dietary CLA had minimal effects on plasma and hepatic lipid metabolite concentrations in early lactation Holstein cows. Results indicate that dietary trans fatty acids may affect liver lipid metabolism in post-partum dairy cows through alterations in PPARα gene expression.

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Moisture content of high-straw dry cow diets affects intake, health, and performance of transition dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2019-17557 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 103 (2) ◽

pp. 1500-1515 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C.D. Havekes ◽

T.F. Duffield ◽

A.J. Carpenter ◽

T.J. DeVries

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Transition Dairy Cows ◽

And Performance

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Metabolic factors affecting the inflammatory response of periparturient dairy cows

Animal Health Research Reviews ◽

10.1017/s1466252309990016 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 53-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 182

Author(s):

Lorraine M. Sordillo ◽

G. A. Contreras ◽

Stacey L. Aitken

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Periparturient Period ◽

Health Disorders ◽

And Oxidative Stress

AbstractDairy cattle are susceptible to increased incidence and severity of disease during the periparturient period. Increased health disorders have been associated with alterations in bovine immune mechanisms. Many different aspects of the bovine immune system change during the periparturient period, but uncontrolled inflammation is a dominant factor in several economically important disorders such as metritis and mastitis. In human medicine, the metabolic syndrome is known to trigger several key events that can initiate and promote uncontrolled systemic inflammation. Altered lipid metabolism, increased circulating concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and oxidative stress are significant contributing factors to systemic inflammation and the development of inflammatory-based diseases in humans. Dairy cows undergo similar metabolic adaptations during the onset of lactation, and it was postulated that some of these physiological events may negatively impact the magnitude and duration of inflammation. This review will discuss how certain types of fatty acids may promote uncontrolled inflammation either directly or through metabolism into potent lipid mediators. The relationship of increased lipid metabolism and oxidative stress to inflammatory dysfunction will be reviewed as well. Understanding more about the underlying cause of periparturient health disorders may facilitate the design of nutritional regimens that will meet the energy requirements of cows during early lactation and reduce the susceptibility to disease as a function of compromised inflammatory responses.

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Linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid and enterolactone affect lipid oxidation and expression of lipid metabolism and antioxidant-related genes in hepatic tissue of dairy cows

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114517000976 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 117 (9) ◽

pp. 1199-1211 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Émilie Fortin ◽

Richard Blouin ◽

Jérôme Lapointe ◽

Hélène V. Petit ◽

Marie-France Palin

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Gene Expression ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Target Genes ◽

Culture Media ◽

Oxidative Damages

AbstractAlthough beneficial effects have been attributed to PUFA supplementation in high-yielding dairy cows, diets rich in PUFA may also increase oxidative stress in tissues such as the liver. To fully exploit the health benefits of PUFA, we believe that the addition of natural antioxidants could help in preventing oxidative damage. Using an in vitro precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) tissue culture system, we investigated the effects of different linoleic acid (LA, n-6):α-linolenic acid (ALA, n-3) ratios (LA:ALA ratio of 4, LA:ALA ratio of 15 and LA:ALA ratio of 25) in the presence or absence of the antioxidant enterolactone (ENL) on (1) the mRNA abundance of genes with key roles in hepatic lipid metabolism, oxidative stress response and inflammatory processes, (2) oxidative damages to lipids and proteins and (3) superoxide dismutase activity in early-lactating dairy cows. The addition of LA and ALA to PCLS culture media increased oxidative damage to lipids as suggested by higher concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and increased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 target genes. The addition of ENL was effective in preventing lipid peroxidation caused by LA and ALA. Transcript abundance of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 and its lipogenic target genes acetyl-CoA carboxylase α, fatty acid synthase (FASN) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) was decreased with LA and ALA, whereas ENL decreased FASN and SCD gene expression. Our results show that addition of LA and ALA to PCLS culture media lowers hepatic lipogenic gene expression and increases oxidative damages to lipids. On the other hand, addition of ENL prevents oxidative damages provoked by these PUFA.

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