Dietary trans octadecenoic acids upregulate the liver gene encoding Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α in transition dairy cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt T Selberg ◽  
Charles R Staples ◽  
N Dan Luchini ◽  
Lokenga Badinga
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Transition Dairy Cows ◽  
Mrna Content ◽  
Octadecenoic Acids

Effects of feeding calcium salts of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or trans octadecenoic acids (trans 18[ratio ]1) on lipid metabolism and hepatic contents of mRNA encoding carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) were examined in 15 early post-partum Holstein cows. Dietary treatments were initiated at approximately 4 weeks prior to expected calving dates and continued for 7 weeks post partum. Treatments prepartum consisted of 1) a basal diet (Control), 2) basal diet+150 g/d of CLA mix (CLA), or 3) basal diet+150 g/d of trans 18[ratio ]1 mix (TRANS). Intakes of calcium salts of CLA and trans 18[ratio ]1 mixes were adjusted to 225 g/d during the 7-week post-partum treatment period. Blood samples were collected at weeks 1, 2 and 4 post partum and plasma was harvested immediately for subsequent hormone and metabolite assays. Concentrations of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and leptin in blood did not vary among cows fed the three diets. Plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations decreased between weeks 1 and 4 of lactation and were lower in cows fed the diet supplemented with trans 18[ratio ]1 than in those fed a control diet at week 2 post partum. Periparturient fat supplementation had no detectable effects on CPT1 mRNA content in the liver. Steady-state concentration of MTP mRNA in the liver was greater in the TRANS treatment group than in the control group at week 1 post partum. Feeding trans 18[ratio ]1 supplements to transition dairy cows upregulated hepatic PPARα mRNA content during the first month of lactation. Under the present experimental conditions, dietary CLA had minimal effects on plasma and hepatic lipid metabolite concentrations in early lactation Holstein cows. Results indicate that dietary trans fatty acids may affect liver lipid metabolism in post-partum dairy cows through alterations in PPARα gene expression.

scholarly journals Low Expression of Sirtuin 1 in the Dairy Cows with Mild Fatty Liver Alters Hepatic Lipid Metabolism

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Yu Li ◽  
Suping Zou ◽  
Hongyan Ding ◽  
Ning Hao ◽  
Yingying Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

Dairy cows usually experience negative energy balance coupled with an increased incidence of fatty liver during the periparturient period. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hepatic steatosis on the expression of the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), along with the target mRNA and protein expressions and activities related to lipid metabolism in liver tissue. Control cows (n = 6, parity 3.0 ± 2.0, milk production 28 ± 7 kg/d) and mild fatty liver cows (n = 6, parity 2.3 ± 1.5, milk production 20 ± 6 kg/d) were retrospectively selected based on liver triglycerides (TG) content (% wet liver). Compared with the control group, fatty liver cows had greater concentrations of cholesterol and TG along with the typically vacuolated appearance and greater lipid droplets in the liver. Furthermore, fatty liver cows had greater mRNA and protein abundance related to hepatic lipid synthesis proteins sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP-1c), long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL), acyl-CoA carbrolase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) and lipid transport proteins Liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and microsomal TG transfer protein (MTTP) (p < 0.05). However, they had lower mRNA and protein abundance associated with fatty acid β-oxidation proteins SIRT1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor co-activator-1 (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-α (PPARα), retinoid X receptor (RXRα), acyl-CoA 1 (ACO), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) and long- and medium-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenases (LCAD) (p < 0.05). Additionally, mRNA abundance and enzyme activity of enzymes copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) decreased and mRNA and protein abundance of p45 nuclear factor-erythroid 2 (p45 NF-E2)-related factor 1 (Nrf1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) decreased (p < 0.05). Lower enzyme activities of SIRT1, PGC-1α, Cu/Zn SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, SREBP-1c and Mn SOD (p < 0.05) and concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed in dairy cows with fatty liver. These results demonstrate that decreased SIRT1 associated with hepatic steatosis promotes hepatic fatty acid synthesis and inhibits fatty acid β-oxidation. Hence, SIRT1 may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of the fatty liver disease in dairy cows.

Effect of propylene glycol supplementation on microbial protein production in transition dairy cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
G E Chibisa ◽  
G N Gozho ◽  
T Mutsvangwa
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Transition Dairy Cows ◽  
Microbial N

Limited research suggests that propylene glycol (PG) supplementation can have inhibitory effects on ruminal microbes. Our hypothesis was that PG supplementation would reduce microbial protein production. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of PG supplementation on microbial protein production in transition dairy cows. Sixteen pregnant cows (seven primiparous and nine multiparous) were paired based on expected calving dates and then randomly assigned within each pair to either a basal diet (control) or basal diet plus 624 g d-1 of PG. Diets were fed twice daily for ad libitum intake, and PG was fed in equal amounts as a top dress from day -7 to day 45 (transition period). Sample collection was carried out at three time intervals starting at day -14 ± 5, day 15 and day 38 relative to calving, with the first collection period (day -14 ± 5) being the pretreatment period. Propylene glycol supplementation had no effect on total urine purine derivatives (PD; allantoin + uric acid) excretion; consequently, microbial N supply, estimated using total urinary PD excretion, was not affected by PG supplementation. There was an increase in urine total PD excretion and, thus, estimated microbial N supply, with time relative to calving. Microbial efficiency did not change with time relative to calving and, therefore, the increase in dry matter intake during the post-partum period led to the increase in estimated microbial N supply. Results from this study indicate that supplementing PG over the transition period had no effect on microbial protein production in the rumen.Key words: Transition dairy cow, propylene glycol, microbial protein production

scholarly journals Quercetin Attenuates Brain Oxidative Alterations Induced by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3829
Author(s):  
Mohamed F. Dora ◽  
Nabil M. Taha ◽  
Mohamed A. Lebda ◽  
Aml E. Hashem ◽  
Mohamed S. Elfeky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticle ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
The Brain

Iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP) therapy has diverse health benefits but high doses or prolonged therapy might induce oxidative cellular injuries especially in the brain. Therefore, we conducted the current study to investigate the protective role of quercetin supplementation against the oxidative alterations induced in the brains of rats due to IONPs. Forty adult male albino rats were allocated into equal five groups; the control received a normal basal diet, the IONP group was intraperitoneally injected with IONPs of 50 mg/kg body weight (B.W.) and quercetin-treated groups had IONPs + Q25, IONPs + Q50 and IONPs + Q100 that were orally supplanted with quercetin by doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg quercetin/kg B.W. daily, respectively, administrated with the same dose of IONPs for 30 days. IONPs induced significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) and significantly decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Consequently, IONPs significantly induced severe brain tissue injuries due to the iron deposition leading to oxidative alterations with significant increases in brain creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Furthermore, IONPs induced significant reductions in brain epinephrine, serotonin and melatonin with the downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) mRNA expressions. IONPs induced apoptosis in the brain monitored by increases in caspase 3 and decreases in B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) expression levels. Quercetin supplementation notably defeated brain oxidative damages and in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, quercetin supplementation during IONPs is highly recommended to gain the benefits of IONPs with fewer health hazards.

Alterations in innate immunity reactants and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism precede occurrence of metritis in transition dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elda Dervishi ◽  
Guanshi Zhang ◽  
Dagnachew Hailemariam ◽  
Seyed Ali Goldansaz ◽  
Qilan Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Carbohydrate And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Transition Dairy Cows

scholarly journals Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Lipid-Related Transcript Expression and the Economics of Broiler Chickens Fed Different Levels of Rutin

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fardos Hassan ◽  
Elshimaa Roushdy ◽  
Asmaa Kishawy ◽  
Asmaa Zaglool ◽  
Hammed Tukur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

The effects of rutin on growth performance, hematological and biochemical profiles, antioxidant capacity, economics and the relative expression of selected antioxidants and lipid-related genes were studied in broiler chickens over 42 days. A total of 200 one-day-old female Ross-308 broiler chickens were distributed into four groups, with five replicates of 10 individuals per replicate. They were fed with 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5 or 1 g rutin/kg supplementation in their basal diet. Dietary rutin supplementation, especially the 1 g/kg diet, increased body weight gain, the protein efficiency ratio (p < 0.001) and both white blood cell and lymphocyte counts (p < 0.001). However, it had no effect on total protein, albumin, globulin, or alanine transaminase. A high concentration of rutin (0.5 and 1 g/kg) also significantly reduced serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (p < 0.001), as well as malondialdehyde concentrations (p = 0.001). A high concentration diet also increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Of the lipid-related genes examined, acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase were significantly down-regulated in the livers of rutin-fed individuals, whereas carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha were significantly up-regulated. Therefore, rutin supplementation at 1 g/kg has the potential to improve the productive performance and health status of broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Circadian Gene PER2 Silencing Downregulates PPARG and SREBF1 and Suppresses Lipid Synthesis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1226
Author(s):  
Yujia Jing ◽  
Yifei Chen ◽  
Shan Wang ◽  
Jialiang Ouyang ◽  
Liangyu Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

PER2, a circadian clock gene, is associated with mammary gland development and lipid synthesis in rodents, partly via regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG). Whether such a type of molecular link existed in bovines was unclear. We hypothesized that PER2 was associated with lipid metabolism and regulated cell cycles and apoptosis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). To test this hypothesis, BMECs isolated from three mid-lactation (average 110 d postpartum) cows were used. The transient transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to inhibit PER2 transcription in primary BMECs. The silencing of PER2 led to lower concentrations of cellular lipid droplets and triacylglycerol along with the downregulation of lipogenic-related genes such as ACACA, FASN, LPIN1, and SCD, suggesting an overall inhibition of lipogenesis and desaturation. The downregulation of PPARG and SREBF1 in response to PER2 silencing underscored the importance of circadian clock signaling and the transcriptional regulation of lipogenesis. Although the proliferation of BMECs was not influenced by PER2 silencing, the number of cells in the G2/GM phase was upregulated. PER2 silencing did not affect cell apoptosis. Overall, the data provided evidence that PER2 participated in the coordination of mammary lipid metabolism and was potentially a component of the control of lipid droplets and TAG synthesis in ruminant mammary cells. The present data suggested that such an effect could occur through direct effects on transcriptional regulators.

scholarly journals Liver nuclear hormone receptor PPAR, LXR and RXR expression and blood lipid and glucose levels in susceptible and resistent to hepatocarcinogenesis strain of mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-489
Author(s):  
E.N. Pivovarova ◽  
N.V. Baginskaya ◽  
M.L. Perepechaeva ◽  
S.I. Ilnitskaya ◽  
M.I. Dushkin
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Development ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptor ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Mrna Content ◽  
Dd Mice

Earlier it was shown that male mice of the DD/He strain were highly susceptible to ortho-aminoasotoluene (OAT) induced hepatocarcinogenesis, and resistant to spontaneous liver tumor development as compared to the СС57BR/Mv strain. In the present work we have made a comparative investigation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), liver X-receptor (LXR) and retinoic X-receptor (RXR) mRNA levels in liver as well as concentrations of corticosterone, glucose, lipids and insulin in blood of male DD/He and СС57BR/Mv mice. Using the multiplex RT-PCR method it was found that PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, RXR-α and RXR-β mRNA content was essentially decreased in the liver of DD mice as compared to mice of the СС57BR strain. No significant interstrain differences of LXR-α and LXR-β mRNA content were found. In DD micetere was more then the 3-fold decrease of blood content of corticosterone, which is involved in PPAR and RXR regulation. DD mice demonstrated a significant decrease in blood serum glucose and insulin concentrations as well as higher reactivity to insulin as compared with СС57BR mice. Elevated blood total cholesterol and cholesterol HDL level were found in DD mice whereas triglyceride content was basically the same in both mouse strains. It is known that glucocorticoids, PPAR and RXR play crucial role in transcription regulation of inflammation response. Therefore our data allow to suggest that decreased corticosterone level in blood, PPAR and RXR mRNA content in liver of the DD strain may lead to induction of inflammation by OAT exposure, resulting in a high incidence of tumorigenesis in this strain.

scholarly journals Lipid Metabolism Gene Expression And Cellularity of Intramuscular Adipocytes Within The Longissimus Muscle of Angus- And Wagyu-Sired Cattle When Raised To A Similar Age or Body Weight

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerad Jaborek ◽  
Francis Fluharty ◽  
Kichoon Lee ◽  
Henry Zerby ◽  
Alejandro Relling
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Gene ◽  
Metabolism Gene

Abstract Background: This study investigates intramuscular (IM) adipocyte development and growth in the Longissimus muscle (LM) between Wagyu- and Angus-sired steers compared at a similar age and days on feed (DOF) endpoint or similar body weight (BW) endpoint by measuring IM adipocyte cell area and lipid metabolism gene expression. Methods: Angus-sired steers (AN, n=6) were compared with steers from two different Wagyu sires, selected for either growth or marbling, to be compared at a similar DOF (WA-GD, n=5 and WA-MD, n=5) in experiment 1 or BW (WA-GB, n=4 and WA-MB, n=5) in experiment 2, respectively. Results: In experiment 1, WA-MD steers had a greater percentage of IM fat in the LM compared with AN and WA-GD steers. In experiment 2, WA-MB steers had a greater percentage of IM fat in the LM compared with AN and WA-GB steers. The distribution of IM adipocyte area was unimodal at all biopsy collections, with IM adipocyte area becoming progressively larger as cattle age and BW increased (P≤0.01). Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta (PPARd) was upregulated earlier for WA-MD and WA-MB cattle compared with other steers at a similar age and BW (P≤0.02; treatment×biopsy interaction). An earlier upregulation of PPARd is believed to have then upregulated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARg) at a lesser BW for WA-MB steers (P=0.09; treatment×biopsy interaction), while WA-MD steers had a greater (P≤0.04) overall mean PPARg expression compared with other steers. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, lipin 1, and hormone sensitive lipase demonstrated expression patterns similar to PPARg and PPARd or CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta, which emphasizes their importance in marbling development and growth. Additionally, WA-MD and WA-MB steers often had a greater early expression of fatty acid transporters (fatty acid transport protein 1; P<0.02; treatment×biopsy interaction) and binding proteins (fatty acid binding protein 4) compared with other steers. With many lipolytic genes upregulated at harvest, acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta may be inhibiting fatty acid oxidation in the LM to allow greater IM fat accumulation.Conclusions: Cattle with a greater marbling propensity appear to upregulate adipogenesis at a lesser maturity through PPARd, PPARg, and possibly adipogenic regulating compounds in lysophosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol.

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