scholarly journals Effects of Attentional and Motivational Priming on Athletic Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
Morgan Scott ◽  
Kaitlin Burgess ◽  
Shelia L Jackson
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Require Precision ◽  
Recreational Basketball ◽  
Performance Results

The effect of motivational and attentional primes on athletic performance was assessed. Thirty-four male, recreational basketball players shot 10 free throws after completing a word scrambled sentence task that primed either autonomous motivation, fluency, or nothing (control). Results revealed that neither prime significantly increased free throw scores more than the control, but fluency primed participants scored significantly more free throws than autonomous motivation primed participants. Results provide support that athletes should try to relax during high pressure situations that require precision. Focusing on the task at hand will hinder performance, while naturally going through the motions will enhance performance. Results also provided support that there is an optimal level of arousal for performing one’s best. Too low or too high of arousal actually hinders an athlete’s performance.

The Effects of Stereotypes and Observer Pressure on Athletic Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Krendl ◽  
Izzy Gainsburg ◽  
Nalini Ambady
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Sports Video ◽  
Negative Stereotype ◽  
White Males ◽  
Video Control

Although the effects of negative stereotypes and observer pressure on athletic performance have been well researched, the effects of positive stereotypes on performance, particularly in the presence of observers, is not known. In the current study, White males watched a video either depicting Whites basketball players as the best free throwers in the NBA (positive stereotype), Black basketball players as the best free throwers in the NBA (negative stereotype), or a neutral sports video (control). Participants then shot a set of free throws, during which half the participants were also videotaped (observer condition), whereas the other half were not (no observer condition). Results demonstrated that positive stereotypes improved free throw performance, but only in the no observer condition. Interestingly, observer pressure interacted with the positive stereotype to lead to performance decrements. In the negative stereotype condition, performance decrements were observed both in the observer and no observer conditions.

The Relation Between Financial Incentives, Motivation, and Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïs Thibault Landry ◽  
Marylène Gagné ◽  
Jacques Forest ◽  
Sylvie Guerrero ◽  
Michel Séguin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Compensation Plans ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Results

Abstract. To this day, researchers are debating the adequacy of using financial incentives to bolster performance in work settings. Our goal was to contribute to current understanding by considering the moderating role of distributive justice in the relation between financial incentives, motivation, and performance. Based on self-determination theory, we hypothesized that when bonuses are fairly distributed, using financial incentives makes employees feel more competent and autonomous, which in turn fosters greater autonomous motivation and lower controlled motivation, and better work performance. Results from path analyses in three samples supported our hypotheses, suggesting that the effect of financial incentives is contextual, and that compensation plans using financial incentives and bonuses can be effective when properly managed.

Missed Shots at the Free-Throw Line

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattie Toma
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Choking Under Pressure ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Male College ◽  
The Impact

Choking under pressure represents a phenomenon in which individuals faced with a high-pressure situation do not perform as well as would be expected were they performing under normal conditions. In this article, I identify determinants that predict a basketball player’s susceptibility to choking under pressure. Identification of these determinants adds to our understanding of players’ psychology at pivotal points in the game. My analysis draws on play-by-play data from ESPN.com that feature over 2 million free-throw attempts in women’s and men’s college and professional basketball games from the 2002-2013 seasons. Using regression analysis, I explore the impact of both gender and level of professionalism on performance in high-pressure situations. I find that in the final 30 seconds of a tight game, Women’s National Basketball Association and National Basketball Association players are 5.81 and 3.11 percentage points, respectively, less likely to make a free throw, while female and male college players are 2.25 and 2.09 percentage points, respectively, less likely to make a free throw, though statistical significance cannot be established among National Collegiate Athletic Association women. The discrepancy in choking between college and professional players is pronounced when comparing male college players who do and do not make it to the professional level; the free-throw performance of those destined to go pro falls 6 percentage points more in high-pressure situations. Finally, I find that women and men do not differ significantly in their propensity to choke.

Managing pressure at the free-throw line: Perceptions of elite basketball players

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouhollah Maher ◽  
Daryl Marchant ◽  
Tony Morris ◽  
Fatemeh Fazel
Keyword(s):  
Basketball Players ◽  
Free Throw

scholarly journals Segmented Forefoot Plate in Basketball Footwear: Does it Influence Performance and Foot Joint Kinematics and Kinetics?

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing-Kai Lam ◽  
Winson Chiu-Chun Lee ◽  
Wei Min Lee ◽  
Christina Zong-Hao Ma ◽  
Pui Wah Kong
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Joint Kinematics ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Joint Kinetics ◽  
Maximum Effort ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics ◽  
Lateral Plates

This study examined the effects of shoes’ segmented forefoot stiffness on athletic performance and ankle and metatarsophalangeal joint kinematics and kinetics in basketball movements. Seventeen university basketball players performed running vertical jumps and 5-m sprints at maximum effort with 3 basketball shoes of various forefoot plate conditions (medial plate, medial + lateral plates, and no-plate control). One-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to examine the differences in athletic performance, joint kinematics, and joint kinetics among the 3 footwear conditions (α = .05). Results indicated that participants wearing medial + lateral plates shoes demonstrated 2.9% higher jump height than those wearing control shoes (P = .02), but there was no significant differences between medial plate and control shoes (P > .05). Medial plate shoes produced greater maximum plantar flexion velocity than the medial + lateral plates shoes (P < .05) during sprinting. There were no significant differences in sprint time. These findings implied that inserting plates spanning both the medial and lateral aspects of the forefoot could enhance jumping, but not sprinting performances. The use of a medial plate alone, although induced greater plantar flexion velocity at the metatarsophalangeal joint during sprinting, was not effective in improving jump heights or sprint times.

scholarly journals More Sleep Is a Slam Dunk

2019 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Ralph Downey III ◽  
Madeleine Grigg-Damberger ◽  
Charles Bae
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Basketball Player ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Team Success ◽  
Sleep Extension ◽  
Elite Sports

Sleep loss may impair athletic performance. Sleep extension may improve performance in sleep-deprived athletes. In elite sports, where the slightest edge can make a difference in individual and team success, ways to improve performance are of great interest to athletes and teams. In the presented case, a male basketball player sought to improve his free throw shooting accuracy. With a disciplined approach to sleeping longer periods of time each night over a 12-week period, there was a substantial improvement in free throw percentage, sleepiness, and self-reported confidence in making free throws. This result is consistent with an extensive literature showing that improving sleep can improve athletic performance.

Effects of Combined Balance and Plyometric Training on Athletic Performance in Female Basketball Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1967-1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichrak Bouteraa ◽  
Yassine Negra ◽  
Roy J. Shephard ◽  
Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Basketball Players

scholarly journals Effect of caffeine ingestion on free-throw performance in college basketball players

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Zhi S. Tan ◽  
Stephen F. Burns ◽  
Jing W. Pan ◽  
Pui W. Kong
Keyword(s):  
Basketball Players ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
College Basketball
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