scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Teaching Methodologies Employed by English Language Teachers in Private and Public Sector Schools

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (III) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Amna Zahra ◽  
Ayesha Butt ◽  
Sadia Rafique
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Teaching Methodologies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
English Language Teachers ◽  
Public And Private Sector

The aim of the study was to make a comparison between the teaching methodologies employed by English language teachers at public and private sector schools at primary level. Foreign language teaching methodologies has become a much-discussed phenomena and has been given immense importance from the last few decades, however, it still needs development in teaching practices. The data for the present study were collected in the form of semi-structured interviews, which were related to the objectives and research questions. The target population of the study was primary level teachers of Lahore, Punjab (Pakistan), while the sample of the study was comprised of primary level teachers of a public and private sector school in Lahore. The results of the study indicated that the teachers of the public sector schools were mostly relying on the structural methods of language teaching, whereas the teachers of the private sector schools were using blended methods.

A Comparative Study of EFL Classroom Management Strategies employed by Public and Private School English Teachers

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nauman A Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Classroom Management ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
English Language ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Classroom Management Strategies ◽  
English Language Teachers

<div><p>This research project was a comparative study of classroom management practices of English language teachers in secondary level public and private sector schools of Lahore. The purpose of the research was to establish the practices and the strategies used by the English language teachers. A total of 200 including 100 public sector and 100 private sector school teachers, teaching English language, were randomly selected for the present research using random sampling techniques. A close-ended questionnaire was developed by the researchers to collect data from the respondents. The researchers personally collected the data. After receiving the data they were entered into the spreadsheet of SPSS version 21.0. Different statistical techniques were used to analyze the data. Mean scores along with standard deviations were calculated in descriptive statistics. In inferential statistics, independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVA were calculated. There were significant differences in the classroom management strategies used by public sector and private sector English language teachers. Policy recommendations were given for the administration of the schools to encourage EFL teachers to effectively use classroom management strategies.</p></div>

scholarly journals The Causes of English Writing Anxiety among Pakistani ESL Students: Perceptions of Teachers and Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fareed ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Huma Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Esl Students ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Writing Anxiety ◽  
Language Writing ◽  
English Language Teachers ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Public And Private Sector

English language writing skills play a significant role in academic and professional lives in the ESL context. Anxiety can have debilitating effects on learning English language listening, reading, speaking and writing skills. The objective of the current study was to explore the causes of writing anxiety in Pakistani undergraduate ESL students. The data for this study were collected from Pakistani ESL students and English language teachers in Karachi with asample that had both public and private-sector representation. Group interviews were held to collect the data. Interview protocols were designed for the interviews of the students and the teachers and checked for self-validity and expert validity. Three group interviews were carried out with the undergraduate ESL students and two with the ESL English language teachers. All of the interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Respondent validation technique was used for the transcription and similarly, inter-coder reliability was carried out for respondents’ Urdu translation into English. The findings revealed multiple causes of Pakistani ESL students’ English language writing anxiety.

scholarly journals Bungled Pronunciation of English in Colleges of Punjab, Pakistan: A Survey Along with its Ramifications

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Akeel Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
English Language ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Public Colleges ◽  
Language Skill ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public And Private Sector

The prime and predominant objective of this study is to investigate and analyze the botched pronunciation of English language words prevalent in public and private sector colleges of Punjab, Pakistan. We have discussed that, what are the key factors which are responsible for such botched and poor pronunciation. The paper has surfaced the bungled pronunciation got through an oral questionnaire. The paper has identified the major pitfalls embedded in English language pronunciation while pointing out why it is happening and where the problem lies. A comparative study regarding public colleges of those countries where English is secondary language viz. India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Students of different subjects and teachers of different subjects having teaching experience of several level have been taken on board. Altogether 30 govt. in-service public sector college teachers and 40 teachers from private sector colleges responded to the questionnaire; and 117 students from private and public sector colleges tendered responses. The study has underpinned the English language skill of the teachers by pinpointing that what weightage pronunciations bears in English language skill.   

scholarly journals AUGMENTING THE TEACHER EFFECTIVENESS CONSTRUCT: VOICES OF THE EFFECTIVE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS FROM UNIVERSITIES IN PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahila Huma Anwar, Sajida Zaki, Natasha Memon
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Effectiveness ◽  
Effective Teachers ◽  
English Language ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
English Language Teachers ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Educational standards around the globe and most specifically in Pakistan are put to contest with challenging standards. There is an amounting pressure on the administrators and the policymakers to furnish the educational institutes with effective teachers. This leads to rekindle probe into the ongoing debate on the qualities that contribute to teacher effectiveness. Therefore, the present research utilized mixed methods approach with an aim to explore the effective English language teachers’ (ELTs) conception about the qualities of effective ELTs. In the first quantitative phase, the survey method was used to identify effective ELTs through Self-Assessment Test (SAT) at both public and private sector higher education institutes (HEIs) of Pakistan through convenience sampling (N = 243). Based on the results of phase one, eight ELTs were selected purposefully for semi-structured interviews which were then analyzed thematically using ATLAS.ti 9.0 software. Thematic analysis of the semistructured interviews revealed nine main categories emerging under the a priori theme of perceived effective teachers. The study adds to the inconclusive definition of teacher effectiveness and bears implications for various stakeholders of the teacher education system to provide opportunities to the ELTs in order to develop such qualities as identified through this study

Corporate Social Reporting Practices In India

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Vipin Bihari Srivastava ◽  
Dr Manoj Kumar Mishra ◽  
Dr Wogari Negari
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Social Reporting ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Corporate Social Reporting ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Corporate Social

"This paper aims to examine the extent of corporate social reporting practices in the annual reports of companies in India and to ascertain the differences if any, between public sector and private sector companies and to investigate what were the determinants of corporate social reporting . The study intends to answer the research questions which include: a) what variables could represent a Conceptual Model of Corporate Social Reporting consists of dependent variables and Independent variables? b) What are the factors of Corporate Social Reporting (COSOR) and how valid and reliable are these factors? c) What is the degree of COSOR by factors in public and private sector companies? d) What are the determinants of COSOR? What is the level of their influence on COSOR? A sample of 120 listed companies of National Stock Exchange of India was chosen and they were stratified in to public and private sector companies. A Corporate social reporting Index was constructed for data collection through content analysis from the annual reports. The results of the study revealed that social accounting information were disclosed in company’s annual reports, chairman’s speech, directors’ reports, notes to accounts, schedule to accounts and auditor’s report. The degree of corporate social reporting varies between public sector and private sector companies. The public sector companies have disclosed more corporate social reporting information than the private sector companies. The study found that higher the level of capital employed, earnings before depreciation and taxes, total assets and total sales higher was the level of corporate social reporting. However, the degree of influence of determinants on corporate social reporting was different among public and private sector companies. Most of the companies have disclosed corporate social information on voluntary basis. To improve the understandably, uniformity, and comparability of corporate social information, this study suggests making it mandatory. A standard format for disclosure of corporate social information shall be prescribed by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs by amending the Indian Companies Act. The concept of social accounting is relatively new in India. This study suggests to include it in the commerce curriculum and also in the curriculum of CA/CWA/CS. Corporate Social Reporting is such a vast area of research that no single study can cover different dimensions related to it. Though some studies including the present study have been conducted on Corporate Social Reporting Practices in India, but still there is much potential of research in this area. Future research in this area will hopefully bring more brightening result measuring and analysing social costs and benefits data by manager as well as by other concerned. Since the subject is in the primary stage, an in-depth research is needed to be done in different sectors such as banking information technology, manufacturing etc. The results are specifically applicable to sample companies and generalisations can be made with caution. The results of the study are based on the data collected from published annual reports of sample companies using content analysis method. Corporate social reporting in company websites, brochures etc are not covered. Social cost and benefit analysis is not covered in this study.

Relationship between CSR motivations and corporate social performance: a study in the power industry in India

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moumita Acharyya ◽  
Tanuja Agarwala
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Corporate Social Performance ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Public And Private Sector

PurposeThe paper aims to understand the different motivations / reasons for engaging in CSR initiatives by the organizations. In addition, the study also examines the relationship between CSR motivations and corporate social performance (CSP).Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from two power sector organizations: one was a private sector firm and the other was a public sector firm. A comparative analysis of the variables with respect to private and public sector organizations was conducted. A questionnaire survey was administered among 370 employees working in the power sector, with 199 executives from public sector and 171 from private sector.Findings“Philanthropic” motivation emerged as the most dominant CSR motivation among both the public and private sector firms. The private sector firm was found to be significantly higher with respect to “philanthropic”, “enlightened self-interest” and “normative” CSR motivations when compared with the public sector firms. Findings suggest that public and private sector firms differed significantly on four CSR motivations, namely, “philanthropic”, “enlightened self-interest”, “normative” and “coercive”. The CSP score was significantly different among the two power sector firms of public and private sectors. The private sector firm had a higher CSP level than the public sector undertaking.Research limitations/implicationsFurther studies in the domain need to address differences in CSR motivations and CSP across other sectors to understand the role of industry characteristics in influencing social development targets of organizations. Research also needs to focus on demonstrating the relationship between CSP and financial performance of the firms. Further, the HR outcomes of CSR initiatives and measurement of CSP indicators, such as attracting and retaining talent, employee commitment and organizational climate factors, need to be assessed.Originality/valueThe social issues are now directly linked with the business model to ensure consistency and community development. The results reveal a need for “enlightened self-interest” which is the second dominant CSR motivation among the organizations. The study makes a novel contribution by determining that competitive and coercive motivations are not functional as part of organizational CSR strategy. CSR can never be forced as the very idea is to do social good. Eventually, the CSR approach demands a commitment from within. The organizations need to emphasize more voluntary engagement of employees and go beyond statutory requirements for realizing the true CSR benefits.

scholarly journals Contractual arrangements and entrepreneurial governance: Flexibility and leeway in urban regeneration projects

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (16) ◽  
pp. 3217-3235
Author(s):  
Martijn van den Hurk ◽  
Tuna Tasan-Kok
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Contractual Arrangements ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Urban regeneration projects involve complex contractual deals between public- and private-sector actors. Critics contend that contracts hamper opportunities for flexibility and change in these projects due to strict provisions that are incorporated in legal agreements. This article offers contrary empirical insights based on a study of contractual arrangements for urban regeneration projects in the Netherlands, including an analysis of interviews and confidential documents. It zooms in on provisions on safeguarding and adaptation, finding that urban regeneration projects remain receptive to flexibility and change. Public-sector actors use their room to manoeuvre while operating contracts, seeking to secure social relations and keep projects going. This article taps into data sources that are difficult to access, addressing what is included in contracts and how they are used by practitioners, and presents questions for future research on contracts in the urban built environment.

scholarly journals MULTIMODALITY, MASS MIGRATION AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-622
Author(s):  
Vanderlei J. Zacchi
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
English Teaching ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Important Means ◽  
English Language Teachers

Abstract: This paper aims to discuss the use of multimodality in English language teaching. The corpus consists of a set of activities based on a series of pictures related to the seizure of two trucks carrying US-bound migrants in 2011. Two different groups, comprised of pre-service and in-service English language teachers, took part in the research. The first part of the activity involved loose interpretations of the pictures and a discussion about migration nowadays. Afterwards, other activities were carried out based on Luke and Freebody's four-resources model (1990). Some preliminary analyses lead us to conclude that the reading of images is very much culturally sensitive and that multimodal ways of meaning making are becoming more powerful in the globalized, digital era, turning them into an important means for English teaching nowadays.

scholarly journals Kuwaiti Instructors' Beliefs about English Language Teaching and Their Awareness of Global English

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Ahmad F. Alnwaiem ◽  
Abdullah M. Alazemi ◽  
Abdullah A. Alenezi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
English Language ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Global English ◽  
English Language Teachers

The beliefs of EFL teachers are an essential term perceived in a number of educational fields. Especially in teacher education and behavioural research, this term is usually related to teachers&#39; habits and practices in classes, considering their impact on each other. The aim of this study is to add to prior studies on the subject of teachers&#39; beliefs and to concentrate on English language teachers (ELT). The objective is to merge the theory of instructors&#39; beliefs with Global English (GE). The research question &#39;what are the Kuwaiti instructors&#39; beliefs about ELT and their awareness of Global English?&#39; formalizes these aims. To accomplish the research: To discover teachers&#39; beliefs about ELT and their awareness of Global English. This research concentrates on English language teachers at the university level. The collection of data has been conducted over two months. For data collection and interpretation, this study adopted a qualitative research methodology. Surveys were chosen as the instrument for data collection. The study used qualitative content analysis in relation to the data analysis method. Moreover, the findings were evaluated based on a deductive and inductive approach to qualitative data analysis. Results indicated various kinds of teachers&#39; beliefs about ELT. Including views about the English language, ELT in relation to the standards, ELT with regard to the GE context. English-language beliefs played a central role in shaping two other views, which were considered secondary beliefs. Except for the content of teachers&#39; beliefs, the study&#39;s findings have shown two significant categories of influences: internal and external, that affect the development and application of teachers&#39; beliefs in classrooms. In this study, the internal factor referred mainly to English-language teaching beliefs based on its ability to influence other cognitive constructs (i.e., different convictions, behaviours, sensitivity) and teaching practices. As far as external factors are concerned, the teachers&#39; diverse experiences with individuals (e.g., parents and retired teachers) and administrative legislation (e.g., policy and curriculum) are the main factors. Finally, it was possible to conclude the findings of this analysis in the same manner as previous studies, which combined teacher cognition theory with the field of GE. In other words, teacher beliefs play a crucial part in the teacher&#39;s cognitive system as a decisive role in their teaching practice. This study proposes further research to reinforce the results of contemporary research in this area.

scholarly journals Customer Engagement with Social Media Bank Pages with Reference to Facebook

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 3089-3095
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Customer Engagement ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Sector Banks ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Indian banking sector is going through a massive transformation day by day with the advancement of Information and communication Technology and impact of digitization in the banking industry. After the core banking system, banks have moved further to reap the benefits of internet and mobile banking. In order to engage more customers anywhere and anytime without visiting the brick and mortar branches, the banks have now introduced the social media banking. Most of the people are already active in different social media platforms, so banks have grabbed that opportunity to reach people easily and provide services through social media. This paper has made an attempt to analyze the engagement of social media customers in different banks including public and private sector with reference to facebook bank page. The results show that most of the banks have presence on popular social media platforms. With respect to the engagement of customer to all facebook posts during the study period, public sector banks are posting more on their respective facebook page but the customers’ likes as well as dislikes are more for SBI, ICICI and AXIS. In case of shares and comments, SBI and PNB have more and are increasing continuously as these two banks post more on their respective facebook pages. But with respect to customer engagement per facebook post during the study period, customers are engaged more with private sector banks. And it can be said that regarding overall customer engagement people are more engaged with private sector over public sector banks.

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