scholarly journals Economic Effects of Seawater Intrusion on Life of Coastal Communities in Sindh Region of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 446-454
Author(s):  
Shoaib Ahmed Jagirani ◽  
Subhash Guriro ◽  
Muhammad Kamil Lakho
Keyword(s):  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Coastal Belt ◽  
Sindh Province ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
Multistage Sampling

Recently rising sea levels and a decrease of Indus water into the delta have resulted in high seawater intrusion at the coastal shores of Sindh. Seawater intrusion has severely affected the livelihood sources of local people. Therefore, this study is conducted with an aim to measure the economic effects of seawater intrusion on the lives of the local population in the deltaic coasts of the Sindh region in Pakistan. This is a quantitative study conducted through a survey questionnaire in the coastal belt of Badin and Thatta districts of Sindh province, Pakistan. A total of 200 participants were recruited in the study through multistage sampling. Results show a significant impact of seawater intrusion on the economic conditions of coastal communities in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Adverse effects of seawater intrusion can be seen in the shape of a decrease in cultivated land, low agricultural production, decreasing livestock production and fishing quantity.

scholarly journals Ageing in Place in Disaster Prone Rural Coastal Communities: A Case Study of Tai O Village in Hong Kong

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4618
Author(s):  
Crystal Kwan ◽  
Ho Chung Tam
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Critical Dimension ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Ageing In Place ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Disaster Situation ◽  
Rising Sea Levels

Rural coastal communities face unique disaster risks that will impact interventions throughout the disaster risk reduction (DRR) cycle (mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery). At the same time, these communities are experiencing an ageing population. As climate change contributes to rising sea levels and an increase in the intensity and frequency of climate-related disasters, older populations living in rural coastal communities face heightened risks. This is a qualitative case study examining the ageing in place (AIP) experiences of older people living in a disaster-prone rural coastal community in Hong Kong—Tai O Village. Findings highlight that: (i) a critical dimension of AIP is their ability to sustain and continue their work, which played a multidimensional role, (ii) local community-based organizations play an instrumental role in providing social support in a disaster context, (iii) more support and resources for mitigation activities are needed, and (iv) while supports exist for AIP and in a disaster situation, the older residents may not utilize such supports. In addition to informing age-friendly DRR programmes and research, these findings inform AIP practices, policies, and research relevant to rural coastal communities.

scholarly journals Resilietn Coupling: The Systems Of Coastally Dependent Communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Saverio Knight Bortoluzzi ◽  
Arthur Wrigglesworth
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Brute Force ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Coastal Defence ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Us Army ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Face ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
Brute Force Approach

As climate change becomes a more prevalent reality, rising sea levels are increasingly a threat to cities and communities in coastal regions. In light of this it is important to consider architecture’s role in the strategizing of defences and resilience. The major issue with traditionally implemented coastal defence programs, such as those considered by the US Army Corp of Engineers, is their brute force approach is repressively one dimensional, undermining the diverse, and complex realities of any community. Orienting itself in the diverse and complex communities of Atlantic Canada, this thesis operates in the face of these challenges and shortfalls. Instead a coupling of systems, activities and events in these coastal communities can make possible an architecture that accommodates, and makes visible, the realities of its changing environs at a multitude of scales, allowing the continued success of human settlement.

Impact of the Duration of Coastal Flooding on Infrastructure

2020 ◽  
pp. 1087724X2091591
Author(s):  
David A. Pezza ◽  
John M. White
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Level ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Exceedance Probability ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Flood Duration ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
The City

Coastal communities are experiencing a gradual increase in flooding. Studies focus on the extent and depth of how coastal flooding will change as sea levels rise and impacts on infrastructure needed for risk assessments. However, there is limited information on how the duration of coastal flooding will change; specifically, in a format needed to support risk assessments. Therefore, the objective of this article is to highlight the need for annual exceedance probability curves by examining potential impacts on infrastructure in the city of Norfolk, Virginia. The analysis translates tide data to simulate stationarity and combines it with increments of rising sea levels to represent future tide elevations. The authors use a Poisson probability distribution to calculate flood duration exceedance levels for a specified threshold level and estimate how durations and probabilities could change over time. The article concludes with an assessment of how increasing flood durations can impact infrastructure systems.

scholarly journals Science in Service of our Communities

Oceanography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Behl ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Saltwater Intrusion ◽  
West African ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Property Taxes ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Coastal Livelihoods

In the Golden Isles of Georgia, the Gullah art of braiding sweetgrass into baskets can be traced back over 400 years to its West African roots. This skill is passed on from generation to generation, preserving the oral history, sovereignty, and culture of the Gullah people. Local and indigenous coastal communities, like the Gullah-Geechee, have a deep connection with their natural environment as they depend on forests, fisheries, and wildlife resources for their livelihood and culture. These frontline communities are also facing a complex web of challenges that include rising sea levels, coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion, encroaching development and increasing property taxes, and loss of fisheries and other coastal livelihoods. As communities develop strategies to address these complex challenges, they need access to place-based research and education that is unique to their people, culture, and ecology.

Effects of Rapid Climate Change on Violence and Conflict

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Plante ◽  
Johnie J. Allen ◽  
Craig A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Rapid Climate Change ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Given the dire nature of many researchers’ predictions about the effects of global climate change (e.g., rising sea levels, droughts, more extreme weather), it comes as little surprise that less attention has been paid to the subtler, less direct outcomes of rapid climate change: psychological, sociological, political, and economic effects. In this chapter we explore one such outcome in particular: the effects of rapid climate change on aggression. We begin by exploring the potential for climate change to directly affect aggression in individuals, focusing on research showing the relationship between uncomfortably hot ambient temperature and aggression. Next, we review several lines of research illustrating ways that climate change can indirectly increase aggression in individuals. We then shift our focus from individuals to the effects of climate change on group-level aggression. We finish by addressing points of contention, including the challenge that the effects of climate change on aggression are too remote and too small to be considered relevant.

scholarly journals Sandbagged: Exploring the Political Challenges of Coastal Infrastructure

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Fisk
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
The Political ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Resilient Infrastructure

The political, technical, social, and economic challenges related to climate change are well documented. As policy makers are increasingly experiencing the reality of rising sea levels, they are also confronting a fragmented and sometimes fractured intergovernmental system. State and local governments face a delicate balancing act, especially, when it comes to infrastructure and climate change. They must respond to citizens, avoid losing their autonomy, maintain fiscal stability and health, provide a high quality of life, and ensure public safety. The reality of anthropogenic climate change has compounded many of these difficulties, perhaps, most acutely in America’s coastal states and communities. Recognizing these challenges, this article examines the challenges facing coastal communities as they seek to adapt to and build more resilient infrastructure that can mitigate the impacts of rising sea levels.

scholarly journals The Real Challenge of Climate Change

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (01) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Thom Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Major Loss ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
Real Challenge ◽  
Harmful Effects

Climate change is confirmed by a global scientific consensus. Although no serious disagreement about whether climate change exists, deep controversy remains about what should be done about its many harmful effects. These effects are wide-ranging and include, for example, the increasing threat to coastal wetlands from rising sea levels, the greater likelihood of droughts harming agricultural production, and the spread of tropical diseases (Pachauri and Reisinger 2008). One further effect is the increasing risk of triggering an environmental catastrophe, such as an ice age, that might result in major loss of human lives.

scholarly journals Resilietn Coupling: The Systems Of Coastally Dependent Communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Saverio Knight Bortoluzzi ◽  
Arthur Wrigglesworth
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Brute Force ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Coastal Defence ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Us Army ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Face ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
Brute Force Approach

As climate change becomes a more prevalent reality, rising sea levels are increasingly a threat to cities and communities in coastal regions. In light of this it is important to consider architecture’s role in the strategizing of defences and resilience. The major issue with traditionally implemented coastal defence programs, such as those considered by the US Army Corp of Engineers, is their brute force approach is repressively one dimensional, undermining the diverse, and complex realities of any community. Orienting itself in the diverse and complex communities of Atlantic Canada, this thesis operates in the face of these challenges and shortfalls. Instead a coupling of systems, activities and events in these coastal communities can make possible an architecture that accommodates, and makes visible, the realities of its changing environs at a multitude of scales, allowing the continued success of human settlement.

scholarly journals Undercurrents

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Wake ◽  
Julia Peterson ◽  
C. J. Lewis ◽  
Vanessa Levesque ◽  
David Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
Interactive Theater ◽  
Innovative Tool ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
Theater Workshop

Coastal communities, including those surrounding the Gulf of Maine, are facing considerable challenges in adapting to increased flood resulting from sea-level rise, and these challenges will remain well past 2050. Over the longer term (decades to centuries), many coastal communities will have to retreat inland away from the coast and toward something new. To date, there appears to be little consideration of how arts and humanities could be leveraged to encourage learning and experimentation to help communities adapt to our changing climate. In this article, we describe an interactive theater model that seeks to address the challenge of bridging scientific knowledge and community conversations on managed retreat and serve as an innovative tool to encourage more productive community conversations about adapting to rising sea levels. The interactive theater workshop consists of two components. The first is a set of short intertwining monologues by three characters (a municipal leader, a climate scientist, and a coastal property owner) who share their thoughts regarding the prospect of managed retreat. Each character provides a glimpse into the attitudes, values, motivations, and fears related to distinct and authentic perspectives on managed retreat. The monologues are followed by a professionally facilitated interactive session during which audience-participants are invited to probe characters’ perspectives and even redirect and replay scenes in new ways to seek more constructive outcomes. The workshop is designed for all session participants to examine their own strengths and weaknesses when engaging others on this subject, to be more prepared to accommodate a range of emotional connections to the subject matter, and to anticipate social dynamics at play. The workshop has now been piloted at four different events. Initial feedback from post-workshop voluntary surveys suggest that the workshop is useful for improving the capacity of resilience professionals to encourage more productive conversations about difficult climate adaptation actions.

scholarly journals Establishing the Nexus between Climate Change, Force Migration and Food Production/Security in Nigeria: Research Observations of Historian and Agriculturist

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Osewe AKUBOR ◽  
Beatrice Amili AKUBOR
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Third World ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Fish Resources ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
Past Experiences

This research tries to interrogate the readiness of Third World countries for the challenges facing climate change, the consequences of this climate change will affect more than 200 million people which make fish resources severely reduced and other species migrate which makes inhabitant even more miserable. Coastal communities can also be displaced by rising sea levels and will be forced to find new housing and new livelihoods. This will pose new risks to food security, food security and human health. using a qualitative approach and historical research methods to find past experiences to solve this problem. This research results that most of the damage to the ecosystem is done by humans to survive without paying attention to environmental factors and we also find history. Experts have realized the importance of forests as an antidote to climate change, but the implementation in the field of protection is still lacking.

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