scholarly journals Dialogues and Peace Treaties in Afghanistan: An Analysis from 2010 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 82-95
Author(s):  
Syed Umair Jalal ◽  
Nargis Zaman ◽  
Muhammad Usman Ullah
Keyword(s):  
The Us ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Peace Treaties

After the American invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, the war-torn nation confronted numerous hardships and adversities in the following decade. US-led NATO forces overthrown the Taliban regime on 13 November 2001. The Taliban encountered severe blows from the US and allied forces, which constrained them to take shelter in the neighbouring countries, besides the hilly areas of Afghanistan (Afridi, Afridi, & Jalal, 2016). The region has witnessed a fierce fight between the Taliban and the NATO troops till 2010. Afterwards, a new phase in the Afghan conflict has begun; a progression of table talks and negotiations was initiated at various fronts. This particular research will focus on the dialogues, treaties, and negotiations among the conflicting parties to find a peaceful solution to the Afghan war.

scholarly journals Why are most COVID-19 infection curves linear?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Thurner ◽  
Peter Klimek ◽  
Rudolf Hanel
Keyword(s):  
Linear Growth ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Epidemiological Models ◽  
Contact Networks ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
The Us ◽  
New Phase

Many countries have passed their first COVID-19 epidemic peak. Traditional epidemiological models describe this as a result of non-pharmaceutical interventions that pushed the growth rate below the recovery rate. In this new phase of the pandemic many countries show an almost linear growth of confirmed cases for extended time-periods. This new containment regime is hard to explain by traditional models where infection numbers either grow explosively until herd immunity is reached, or the epidemic is completely suppressed (zero new cases). Here we offer an explanation of this puzzling observation based on the structure of contact networks. We show that for any given transmission rate there exists a critical number of social contacts, Dc, below which linear growth and low infection prevalence must occur. Above Dc traditional epidemiological dynamics takes place, as e.g. in SIR-type models. When calibrating our corresponding model to empirical estimates of the transmission rate and the number of days being contagious, we find Dc ~ 7.2. Assuming realistic contact networks with a degree of about 5, and assuming that lockdown measures would reduce that to household-size (about 2.5), we reproduce actual infection curves with a remarkable precision, without fitting or fine-tuning of parameters. In particular we compare the US and Austria, as examples for one country that initially did not impose measures and one that responded with a severe lockdown early on. Our findings question the applicability of standard compartmental models to describe the COVID-19 containment phase. The probability to observe linear growth in these is practically zero.

scholarly journals Employer-Mandated Vaccination for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e4
Author(s):  
Mark A. Rothstein ◽  
Wendy E. Parmet ◽  
Dorit Rubinstein Reiss
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Kaiser Family Foundation ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Us ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
New Phase

When the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) decided to grant emergency use authorization (EUA) for the first two vaccines for COVID-19, the United States’ response to the pandemic entered a new phase. Initially, the greatest challenge is having enough doses of vaccine and administering them to all who want it. Yet even while many wait expectantly for their turn to be vaccinated, a significant minority of Americans are hesitant. Lack of information or misinformation about the vaccine, a long-standing and well-entrenched antivaccination movement, distrust of public health officials, and political polarization have left many people ambivalent or opposed to vaccination. According to a poll by the Kaiser Family Foundation taken in late November and early December 2020, 27% of respondents surveyed stated that they would “probably” or “definitely” not be willing to be vaccinated.1 Reflecting the sharp partisan divide that has characterized views about the pandemic, Democrats (86%) were far more likely than Republicans (56%) to be vaccinated. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print February 4, 2021: e1–e4. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.306166 )

scholarly journals Introduction: India–East Asia Relations in the Post-COVID-19 Era

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAJIV KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Relations ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
The Us ◽  
Relationship Change ◽  
The One ◽  
New Phase

This article argues that India-East Asia relations are likely to enter a new phase in the post-COVID-19 era. The COVID-19 pandemic has hastened the decline of the post-Cold War liberal order that has so far promoted mutual trust and cooperation and underpinned peace and prosperity. This development has enormous implications for East Asia’s international relations. Indeed, significant changes appear to have occurred in the region during the pandemic. On the one hand, the pandemic has accelerated China's growing supremacy, but on the other hand, it has also enhanced its rivalry with all major liberal powers, including the US, India, Japan and Australia. Moreover, the geo-economic front has also witnessed drastic changes as pandemic-induced economic nationalism, economic retaliation, and supply chain restructuring have swept across the region. Hence, it is not premature to proclaim the post-pandemic East Asia will differ from the post-Cold War liberal era. That, in turn, raises important questions: How has the COVID-19 influenced India–East Asia relations? Will the post-COVID-19 era transform India's ties with East Asia? If so, how will this relationship change, and to what extent? This article, and this special issue more broadly, seek to answer these questions. In doing so, we first examine the major geopolitical and geo-economic issues between India and East Asia. Thereafter, we analyze India's relations with South Korea, China, Japan and ASEAN.

A New Wave in the Modern History of the Abuse Crisis in the Catholic Church: Literature Overview, 2018–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-185
Author(s):  
Massimo Faggioli ◽  
Mary Catherine O’Reilly-Gindhart
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Institutional Response ◽  
The Us ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Theological Discourse ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Interdisciplinary Network ◽  
The Catholic Church

This article focuses on the theological discourse on the abuse crisis in the wider context of the institutional response to the scandal and argues for theological research having a role less subordinated to legal and canonical considerations. The year 2018 marked the beginning of a new phase in the history of the abuse crisis in the Catholic Church. This article analyzes an extensive list of publications and resources (2018–2020) across all continents, even though focus is here primarily on the US, Europe, and Anglophone regions. This aspires to be the first installment of literature reviews, beginning a much larger discussion, contributing to the creation of a global, interdisciplinary network of connections in the field of the research on theology and the abuse crisis in the Catholic Church.

scholarly journals Virtuelles Interview mit Robert Guttmann

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (111) ◽  
pp. 291-302
Author(s):  
James O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Asian Crisis ◽  
Global Level ◽  
The Us ◽  
New Phase

The Asian crisis and the US interests in dealing with the crises are analyzed. The crisis itself is much more than only a financial crisis. It may indicate a new phase in the evolution of capitalism, the emergence of a more competitive capitalism organized on a global level.

Trade and tech uncertainty will boost ‘safer’ assets

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Crude Oil Price ◽  
Government Bonds ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
New Phase

Significance US President Donald Trump’s decision last month to intensify the US-China conflict by raising the tariff rate and targeting Chinese tech firms is straining stock markets and making government bonds more attractive. Marking a dangerous new phase, sentiment towards the tech sector is deteriorating, after powering the stock market 'bull run' for a decade. Impacts Uncertainty over both US policy and geopolitics globally will continue to make the dollar more attractive, outweighing Fed dovishness. Emerging markets enjoyed a surge in inflows from January-April 2019, but suffered sharp outflows in May, and investors will remain cautious. The VIX Index, Wall Street’s so-called ‘fear gauge’, has surged by around 50% since May 3, and is likely to remain elevated. Rising US output means that the Brent crude oil price is likely to stabilise rather than rebound, having fallen by about 20% since April.

Electron microscopy of niobium and tantalum hydrides

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 644-645
Author(s):  
T. Schober
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Metal Hydrides ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Endothermic Reactions ◽  
Hydrogen Reactions ◽  
New Phase

Nb, Ta and V are prototype substances for the study of the endothermic reactions of H with metals. Such metal-hydrogen reactions have gained increased importance due to the application of metal-hydrides in hydrogen- und heat storage devices. Electron microscopy and diffraction were demonstrated to be excellent methods in the study of hydride morphologies and structures (1). - Figures 1 and 2 show the NbH and TaH phase diagrams (2,3,4). EM techniques have contributed substantially to the elucidation of the structures and domain configurations of phases β, ζ and ε (1,4). Precision length measurement techniques of distances in reciprocal space (5) recently led to a detailed understanding of the distortions of the unit cells of phases ζ and ε (4). In the same work (4) the existence of the new phase η was shown. It is stable near -68 °C. The sequence of transitions is thus below 70 %.

The Eleventh Circuit Holds that Agreements in which Pharmaceutical Companies Pay Generic Companies Not to Compete May be Valid

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Amy Garrigues
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Patent Holder ◽  
Trial Court ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
The Us ◽  
Antitrust Laws ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Appeals Court ◽  
Two Sides

On September 15, 2003, the US. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit held that agreements between pharmaceutical and generic companies not to compete are not per se unlawful if these agreements do not expand the existing exclusionary right of a patent. The Valley DrugCo.v.Geneva Pharmaceuticals decision emphasizes that the nature of a patent gives the patent holder exclusive rights, and if an agreement merely confirms that exclusivity, then it is not per se unlawful. With this holding, the appeals court reversed the decision of the trial court, which held that agreements under which competitors are paid to stay out of the market are per se violations of the antitrust laws. An examination of the Valley Drugtrial and appeals court decisions sheds light on the two sides of an emerging legal debate concerning the validity of pay-not-to-compete agreements, and more broadly, on the appropriate balance between the seemingly competing interests of patent and antitrust laws.

Fighting the US Youth Sex Trade

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie N. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Sex Trade ◽  
The Us

Putting Trust in the US Budget

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Patashnik
Keyword(s):  
The Us
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