scholarly journals Migrants and Growing Global Health Security Challenges after COVID-19 Outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (II) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ijaz Latif ◽  
Rubina Ali ◽  
Inamullah Jan
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
First Century ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Preparedness Planning ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Comprehensive Health

Migrants and prevailing infectious diseases have become a more complex global challenge in the twenty-first century. Migration is a multi-faceted socio cultural phenomenon that impact has increased dramatically in the field of health and epidemic diseases. The global mobility of a person is a fundamental dynamic in the emergence of infectious diseases such as Coronavirus, TB, HIV /AIDS, Malaria, SARS and Ebola. Population mobility and growing circulatation of migrats poses global health security challenges. The comprehensive health policy is a base for combating infectious diseases at global level. The prime aim of this paper is to capture the gaps to manage health problems which are associated with migrants. So, this study shows, how surveillance, monitoring, early warning can combat the serious health threats of migrants. The preparedness, planning and coordination policies, can tackle the emergency in large occurrence of infectious diseases mainly COVID-19.

scholarly journals The threat of thinking in threats: reframing global health during and after COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Sondermann ◽  
Cornelia Ulbert
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Normative Framework ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Threats ◽  
Complex Lines

Abstract Narratives and metaphors shape how actors perceive the world around them and how policymakers frame the range of policy choices they think of as feasible. The metaphor of war and the narrative of how to tackle the unprecedented threat of COVID-19 are effective mechanisms to convey urgency. However, they also bear serious implications: Thinking in terms of health threats works with a logic of exceptionalism, which supports images of “us” vs. an “enemy” thereby shortening complex lines of causality and responsibility and privileging national answers. It fails to provide for a normative framework for drafting long-term systemic approaches. In this contribution, we critically engage with existing narratives of global health security and show how the logic of exceptionalism is limiting the current responses to the pandemic. We conceptualize an alternative narrative that is based on the logic of solidarity and argue that within this alternative framing a more sustainable and ultimately more just way of coping with infectious diseases will be possible.

scholarly journals Financing Vaccines for Global Health Security

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan T. Vu ◽  
Benjamin K. Kaplan ◽  
Shomesh Chaudhuri ◽  
Monique K. Mansoura ◽  
Andrew W. Lo
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Expected Returns ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
The Cost

AbstractRecent outbreaks of infectious pathogens such as Zika, Ebola, and COVID-19 have underscored the need for the dependable availability of vaccines against emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). The cost and risk of R&D programs and uniquely unpredictable demand for EID vaccines have discouraged vaccine developers, and government and nonprofit agencies have been unable to provide timely or sufficient incentives for their development and sustained supply. We analyze the economic returns of a portfolio of EID vaccine assets, and find that under realistic financing assumptions, the expected returns are significantly negative, implying that the private sector is unlikely to address this need without public-sector intervention. We have sized the financing deficit for this portfolio and propose several potential solutions, including price increases, enhanced public-private partnerships, and subscription models through which individuals would pay annual fees to obtain access to a portfolio of vaccines in the event of an outbreak.

The Chronicle of a Disease Foretold: Pandemic H1N1 and the Construction of a Global Health Security Threat

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Abraham
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Health Security ◽  
The Impact

The period beginning in 2004 saw an extraordinary spurt in attention paid to avian and pandemic influenza in the United States and at the global level. A disease that for decades had languished in the ‘dull but worthy’ category of infectious diseases was elevated to a risk to global health security. The securitisation of influenza was not unproblematic. The influenza pandemic of 2009 turned out to be far milder than anticipated, and much of the scientific basis on which planning had proceeded and resources had been mobilised turned out to be wrong. Developing countries with other disease priorities were urged to pour resources into pandemic planning exercises and change poultry-raising practices. The article argues that for an issue to be securitised as a global health threat, it is essential that the United States takes the lead role (or at the very least supports efforts by other leading powers). It uses the Copenhagen School's analysis to examine how avian and pandemic influenza was securitised in the United States, and then uses the concept of framing to examine why this disease was securitised by looking at the prior existence of an issue culture or discourse around emerging infectious diseases, which gained salience after the 2011 anthrax attacks. It finally looks at the impact of securitisation on countries with different priorities.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the global health security agenda steering group governance interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
N E DeShore ◽  
J A Johnson ◽  
P Malone ◽  
R Greenhill ◽  
W Wuenstal
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Health System Performance ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Member States ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Global Health Security Agenda

Abstract Background Member States lack of compliance with 2005 IHR implementation led to the launched of the Global Health Security Agenda. This research will provide an understanding of how the Global Health Security Agenda Steering Group (GHSA SG) governance interventions impact health system performance and global health security. This will enhance the understanding of a Steering Group's governance interventions in complex Global Health initiatives. Research questions: To what extent have GHSA SG governance interventions contributed towards enabling health system performance of WHO Member States? To what extent have GHSA SG governance interventions contributed towards the implementation of global health security among WHO Member States? Methods Correlational analysis using Spearman's rho examined the relationship between governance, health system performance and global health security variables at one point in time. A convenience non-probability sample consisting of eight WHO Member States was used. SPSS Statistics generated the bivariate correlation analyzes. Results Governance and health system performance analysis indicated a statistically significant strong positive effect size in 11 out of 18 and moderate positive effect size in the remaining seven out of 18 health system performance indicators. Governance and global health security analysis concluded three of the governance indicators had strong and moderate positive coefficients. Global health security variables demonstrated weak effects in the remaining three governance indicators. Conclusions This study presents a case for health systems embedding in global health security. Health system performance is only as effective at protecting populations when countries achieve core capacities of preparedness and response to global health threats. The associations provide stakeholders information about key characteristics of governance that influence health system performance and global health security implementation. Key messages This study provides an argument for the continued support of the GHSA 2024 Framework with implementation of global health security capabilities and meeting 2005 IHR requirements. The GHSA SG governance role remains profoundly important in establishing sustainable efforts internationally towards achieving the objectives of the GHSA in support of the 2005 IHR standards.

Spread of Infections and Global Health Security

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-330
Author(s):  
Arnauld Nicogossian ◽  
Edward J. Septimus ◽  
Otmar Kloiber ◽  
Bonnie Stabile ◽  
Thomas Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Health Security

scholarly journals The utilisation of tools to facilitate cross-border communication during international food safety events, 1995–2020: a realist synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Joseph Savelli ◽  
Raul Fernando Garcia Acevedo ◽  
Jane Simpson ◽  
Céu Mateus
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Realist Synthesis ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Programme Theory ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Communication And Coordination

AbstractEfficient communication and coordination are needed between countries to prevent, detect and respond to international food safety events. While communication tools, networks and systems exist, current evidence suggests that they are only useful within particular contexts and several only target specific geographic areas. There is a need to unpack and explore the mechanisms of how and in what context such communication tools and their components are effective at facilitating international communication and coordination to keep food safe and mitigate the burden of foodborne disease around the world.A realist synthesis was undertaken to understand how and why certain processes and structures of communication tools, used during international food safety events, influence their utility and effectiveness according to different contextual factors. The focus of this review was explanatory and aimed to develop and refine theory regarding how contextual factors trigger specific processes and mechanisms to produce outcomes. Using the realist context–mechanism–outcome configuration of theory development, a range of sources was used to develop an initial programme theory, including the authors’ experience, a scoping review of published papers and grey literature and input from an expert reference committee. Literature was then systematically located and synthesised from several databases with input from the expert reference committee to refine the programme theory.The programme theory developed indicates that when a country has interests in food import or export, has the technical infrastructure to detect and respond to food safety events, and is governed in accordance with regional and/or global laws and regulations relating to food control and global health security, then specific mechanisms will facilitate various outcomes. Mechanisms include trust, experience, support, awareness, understanding, a sense of community, standardisation and intersectoral collaboration. The outcomes include using communication tools to relay information abroad and the prevention of foodborne diseases, among others.Components of such communication tools may be adapted according to different contextual factors to promote, support and improve their use. Improving international coordination and communication during international food safety events is in the interest of global health security and can mitigate the global burden of foodborne disease.

Broken DNA of Global Health Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
Rajiv Kumar Pathni
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Security Infrastructure ◽  
Sustainable Financing ◽  
New Framework

The COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc across the globe causing massive disruptions to life, liberty, and livelihoods. With more than 3.7 million deaths and a projected cumulative output loss of 28 trillion USD through 2025, it is evident that the extant global health security infrastructure is grossly inadequate. The current crisis has uncovered critical deficiencies in preparedness and response to epidemics and the predictive inability of current indices, underscoring the need for new framework and metrics. This paper argues for the global community to treat pandemics as a threat to global security to ensure mustering of political will and financial resources and to organize appropriate, rapid, and sustained domestic and international responses. A public-health-only approach without commensurate national and global security measures will continue to fail to prevent local outbreaks from becoming global catastrophes. A values-based geopolitical order with resolute global leadership, political will, sustainable financing, and solidarity is critical for the world's future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document