scholarly journals Multispectral molecular imaging of capillary endothelium to facilitate preoperative endovascular brain mapping

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Charles Manning ◽  
Sheila D. Shay ◽  
Robert A. Mericle
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Imaging Probe ◽  
The Brain

Object Brain mapping aims to localize neurological function to specific regions of the human brain. Preoperative endovascular brain mapping (PEBM) is a novel approach that allows clear visualization of nonfunctional (silent) brain parenchyma in real time during a resection. It has potential to improve neurosurgical guidance because brain shift does not alter the maps, and the map is visualized directly on the brain in situ rather than on a nearby image. Therefore, the risk of a new neurological deficit should be reduced. The authors report the first PEBM approach that combines selective molecular targeting of brain endothelium with multispectral (optical) imaging in preclinical animal models. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand white rabbits were selectively catheterized, and a fluorescein isothiocyanate–derivatized tomato lectin–based imaging probe was administered into the carotid artery or posterior cerebral artery, measuring < 500 μm in diameter. After binding/uptake of the imaging probe, and removal of unbound probe, a craniotomy was performed to directly visualize the “brain map.” Results Selective localization of the imaging probe to the right hemisphere in rats or right posterior cerebral artery in rabbits was clearly visualized after craniotomy. Cross-sections of stained capillaries demonstrated that the imaging probe did not cause vascular occlusion. Gross regional selectivity of the imaging probe was documented by multispectral molecular imaging of intact brains, with discrete localization and endothelium-directed targeting validated by histological examination. Conclusions The authors have demonstrated the first molecular endothelium-targeted approach to PEBM that does not require manipulation of the intact blood-brain barrier or result in vascular occlusion. Furthermore, the presented multispectral molecular imaging technique appears to be a suitable methodology for the generation of region-selective brain maps of vascularized brain parenchyma. Further refinement of the PEBM approach, as well as the development of improved imaging probes, may result in clinical advancement of PEBM where direct visual discrimination of nonfunctional silent brain parenchyma at the time of resection could significantly improve neurosurgical outcomes.

Preoperative endovascular brain mapping for intraoperative volumetric image guidance: preliminary concept and feasibility in animal models

2006 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Mericle ◽  
Erich O. Richter ◽  
Eric Eskioglu ◽  
Courtney Watkins ◽  
Laszlo Prokai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Endovascular Approach ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
The Right

ObjectThe authors describe a novel concept for brain mapping in which an endovascular approach is used, and they demonstrate its feasibility in animal models. The purpose of endovascular brain mapping is to delineate clearly the nonfunctional brain parenchyma when a craniotomy is performed for resection. The nonfunctional brain will be stained with sharp visual margins, differentiating it from the functional, nonstained brain. The authors list four essential criteria for developing an ideal endovascular mapping agent, and they describe seven potential approaches for accomplishing a successful endovascular brain map.MethodsFour Sprague–Dawley rats and one New Zealand white rabbit were used to determine initial feasibility of the procedure. The animals were anesthetized, and the internal carotid artery was catheterized. Four potential brain mapping agents were infused into the right hemisphere of the five animals. Afterward, the brains were removed and each was analyzed both grossly and histologically.Fluorescein and FD&C Green No. 3 provided good visual clarity and margins, but required blood–brain barrier (BBB) manipulation. Tantalum particles enabled avoidance of BBB manipulation, but provided inadequate visual clarity, probably because of their size. A Sudan black “cocktail” provided excellent clarity and margins despite remaining in the brain capillaries.ConclusionsThis is a novel application of the endovascular approach, and has broad potential for clinical neurosurgical brain mapping. The animal models in this study establish the feasibility of the procedure. However, further study is required to demonstrate safety, minimize toxicity, investigate stain durability, and improve the characteristics of potential mapping agents. The authors are planning to conduct future studies for identification of mapping agents that do not require BBB manipulation or vascular occlusion.

Cerebrovascular Disease 1: Vascular Territories (DRAFT)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Kaplan ◽  
Tracey Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Anterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Homonymous Hemianopia ◽  
Leg Weakness ◽  
Sensory Changes ◽  
The Brain

The video in this chapter explores cerebrovascular disease, and focuses on vascular territories. It discusses the middle cerebral artery (MCA), posterior cerebral artery (PCA), and anterior cerebral artery (ACA), along with the portions of the brain they supply, as well as the different presentations of stroke in the three territories - contralateral weakness, sensory loss, and aphasia in MCA stroke, contralateral homonymous hemianopia in PCA stroke, and contralateral leg weakness and sensory changes in ACA stroke.

scholarly journals Wide Genetic Variation in the Native Pial Collateral Circulation is a Major Determinant of Variation in Severity of Stroke

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 923-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Pranay Prabhakar ◽  
Robert Sealock ◽  
James E Faber
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Collateral Circulation ◽  
Anterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Genetic Contributions

Severity of stroke varies widely among individuals. Whether differences in the extent of the native (preexisting) pial collateral circulation exist and contribute to this variability is unknown. We addressed these questions and probed for potential genetic contributions using morphometric analysis of the collateral circulation in 15 inbred mouse strains recently shown to exhibit wide differences in infarct volume. Morphometrics were determined in the unligated left hemisphere (for native collaterals) and ligated right hemisphere (for remodeled collaterals) 6 days after permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Variation among strains in native collateral number, diameter, MCA, anterior cerebral artery (ACA), and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) tree territories were, respectively: 56-fold, 3-fold, 42%, 56%, and 61%. Collateral length ( P<0.001) and the number of penetrating arterioles branching from them also varied ( P<0.05). Infarct volume correlated inversely with collateral number ( P<0.0001), diameter ( P<0.0001), and penetrating arteriole number ( P<0.05) and directly with MCA territory ( P<0.05). Relative collateral conductance and MCA territory, when factored together, strongly predicted infarct volume ( P<0.0001). Outward remodeling of collaterals in the ligated hemisphere varied ∼3-fold. These data show that the extent of the native pial collateral circulation and collateral remodeling after obstruction vary widely with genetic background, and suggest that this variability, due to natural polymorphisms, is a major contributor to variability in infarct volume.

scholarly journals Transient coma as Percheron’s artery stroke

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria sofia Cotelli ◽  
Patrizia Civelli ◽  
Elisa Tosana ◽  
Marinella Turla
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Anatomic Variation ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Characteristic Pattern ◽  
Caucasian Woman ◽  
Arterial Trunk ◽  
Artery Of Percheron ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Thalamic Infarcts

The artery of Percheron is a rare anatomic variation in the brain vascularization, in which a single arterial trunk arises from the posterior cerebral artery to supply both sides of brain structures, i.e., the thalamus and midbrain. Occlusion of this uncommon vessel results in a characteristic pattern of bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts with or without mesencephalic infarctions. We report the case of a Caucasian woman who completely recovers after transient coma due to Percheron artery infarction.

scholarly journals Behavioural test battery for the Back of the Brain project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ro Julia Robotham ◽  
Sheila Kerry ◽  
Grace E Rice ◽  
Alex Leff ◽  
Matt Lambon Ralph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Behavioural Test ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Brain

Much of the patient literature on the visual recognition of faces, words and objects is based on single case studies of patients selected according to their symptom profile. The Back of the Brain project aims to provide novel insights into the cerebral and cortical architecture underlying visual recognition of complex stimuli by adopting a different approach. A large group of patients was recruited according to their lesion location (in the areas supplied by the posterior cerebral artery) rather than their symptomatology. All patients were assessed with the same battery of sensitive tests of visual perception enabling the identification of dissociations as well as associations between deficits in face, word and object recognition. This paper provides a detailed description of the extensive behavioural test battery that was developed for the Back of the Brain project and that enables assessment of low-level, intermediate and high-level visual perceptual abilities. •Extensive behavioural test battery for assessing low-level, intermediate and high-level visual perception in patients with posterior cerebral artery stroke •Method enabling direct comparison of visual face, word and object processing abilities in patients with posterior cerebral artery stroke

scholarly journals Strangled by Dr Strangelove? Anarchic hand following a posterior cerebral artery territory ischemic stroke

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mhairi Murdoch ◽  
Jenny Hill ◽  
Mark Barber
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Alien Hand Syndrome ◽  
Alien Hand ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Anarchic hand is a rare condition where the complex movements of one hand appear to be goal directed and smoothly executed and yet are unintended and unwanted. Unlike alien hand syndrome, the patients recognise that the affected hand is part of their own body. They know the hand is theirs, but they deny having control over its actions. The syndrome has been reported after surgery on the corpus callosum and with brain tumours, aneurysms, degenerative diseases of the brain and uncommonly with stroke. We present a case of a 74-year-old man who developed an anarchic right hand following thrombolysis for a posterior cerebral artery territory ischemic stroke.

Compensatory Enlargement of the Posterior Communicating Artery Following Arterio-Sclerotic Changes of the Posterior Cerebral Artery

1940 ◽  
Vol 86 (365) ◽  
pp. 1086-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Anterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Anterior Communicating Artery ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Compensatory Enlargement ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Circulatory Disturbances

While a vast literature refers to anomalies in various arteries of the brain, there are only a few reports concerning anatomical changes of vessels following altered circulatory conditions. Critchley mentions in his study of the anterior cerebral artery and its syndromes, an observation in which an arterio-sclerotic anterior cerebral artery of one side was so small as to be incapable of maintaining an adequate circulation, so that by way of an abnormally large anterior communicating artery the opposite anterior cerebral supplied both hemispheres. Critchley adds to that case several similar observations from the literature. The application of arteriography to circulatory disturbances has directed attention to analogous cases. Thus Moniz reported several observations in which a closure of the carotid artery of one side led to a distension of the anterior communicating in order to establish collateral circulation. The same mechanism appeared to be effective in the following two cases which we met in the course of our studies on brain vessels.

scholarly journals Bidirectional apical–basal traffic of the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor in brain endothelial cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 2598-2613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Siupka ◽  
Maria NS Hersom ◽  
Karin Lykke-Hartmann ◽  
Kasper B Johnsen ◽  
Louiza B Thomsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Endosomal Trafficking ◽  
Brain Endothelial Cells ◽  
Mannose 6 Phosphate ◽  
The Brain

Brain capillary endothelium mediates the exchange of nutrients between blood and brain parenchyma. This barrier function of the brain capillaries also limits passage of pharmaceuticals from blood to brain, which hinders treatment of several neurological disorders. Receptor-mediated transport has been suggested as a potential pharmaceutical delivery route across the brain endothelium, e.g. reports have shown that the transferrin receptor (TfR) facilitates transcytosis of TfR antibodies, but it is not known whether this recycling receptor itself traffics from apical to basal membrane in the process. Here, we elucidate the endosomal trafficking of the retrograde transported cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) in primary cultures of brain endothelial cells (BECs) of porcine and bovine origin. Receptor expression and localisation of MPR300 in the endo-lysosomal system and trafficking of internalised receptor are analysed. We also demonstrate that MPR300 can undergo bidirectional apical–basal trafficking in primary BECs in co-culture with astrocytes. This is, to our knowledge, the first detailed study of retrograde transported receptor trafficking in BECs, and the study demonstrates that MPR300 can be transported from the luminal to abluminal membrane and reverse. Such trafficking of MPR300 suggests that retrograde transported receptors in general may provide a mechanism for transport of pharmaceuticals into the brain.

Failure of Combined Treatment for the Thrombosed Posterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo MURAI ◽  
Koji ADACHI ◽  
Yoichi YOSHIDA ◽  
Akira TERAMOTO ◽  
Takayuki MIZUNARI
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Cerebral Artery Aneurysm

Neuro-Clinical Signatures of Language Impairments: A Theoretical Framework for Function-to-structure Mapping in Clinics

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 800-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferath Kherif ◽  
Sandrine Muller
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Language Impairments ◽  
Structure Mapping ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Language Recovery ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Bow Tie

In the past decades, neuroscientists and clinicians have collected a considerable amount of data and drastically increased our knowledge about the mapping of language in the brain. The emerging picture from the accumulated knowledge is that there are complex and combinatorial relationships between language functions and anatomical brain regions. Understanding the underlying principles of this complex mapping is of paramount importance for the identification of the brain signature of language and Neuro-Clinical signatures that explain language impairments and predict language recovery after stroke. We review recent attempts to addresses this question of language-brain mapping. We introduce the different concepts of mapping (from diffeomorphic one-to-one mapping to many-to-many mapping). We build those different forms of mapping to derive a theoretical framework where the current principles of brain architectures including redundancy, degeneracy, pluri-potentiality and bow-tie network are described.

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