scholarly journals A physical framework for implementing virtual models of intracranial pressure and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in hydrocephalus shunt testing

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranav Venkataraman ◽  
Samuel R. Browd ◽  
Barry R. Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Drainage Rate ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Subsequent Measurement

OBJECTIVE The surgical placement of a shunt designed to resolve the brain's impaired ability to drain excess CSF is one of the most common treatments for hydrocephalus. The use of a dynamic testing platform is an important part of shunt testing that can faithfully reproduce the physiological environment of the implanted shunts. METHODS A simulation-based framework that serves as a proof of concept for enabling the application of virtual intracranial pressure (ICP) and CSF models to a physical shunt-testing system was engineered. This was achieved by designing hardware and software that enabled the application of dynamic model-driven inlet and outlet pressures to a shunt and the subsequent measurement of the resulting drainage rate. RESULTS A set of common physiological scenarios was simulated, including oscillations in ICP due to respiratory and cardiac cycles, changes in baseline ICP due to changes in patient posture, and transient ICP spikes caused by activities such as exercise, coughing, sneezing, and the Valsalva maneuver. The behavior of the Strata valve under a few of these physiological conditions is also demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Testing shunts with dynamic ICP and CSF simulations can facilitate the optimization of shunts to be more failure resistant and better suited to patient physiology.

scholarly journals Multi-Perspective Modeling of Healthcare Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignace Djitog ◽  
Hamzat Olanrewaju Aliyu ◽  
Mamadou Kaba Traoré
Keyword(s):  
Specific Problem ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
System Specification ◽  
Disease Propagation ◽  
Dynamic Update ◽  
Event System ◽  
Simulation Based

This paper presents a multi-perspective approach to Modeling and Simulation (M&S) of Healthcare Systems (HS) such that different perspectives are defined and integrated together. The interactions between the isolated perspectives are done through dynamic update of models output-to-parameter integration during concurrent simulations. Most often, simulation-based studies of HS in the literature focus on specific problem like allocation of resources, disease propagation, and population dynamics that are studied with constant parameters from their respective experimental frames throughout the simulation. The proposed idea provides a closer representation of the real situation and helps to capture the interactions between seemingly independent concerns - and the effects of such interactions - in simulation results. The article provides a DEVS (Discrete Event System Specification)-based formalization of the loose integration of the different perspectives, an Object-Oriented framework for its realization and a case study as illustration and proof of concept.

scholarly journals Model Driven Combat Effectiveness Simulation Systems Engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Zhi Zhu ◽  
Yonglin Lei ◽  
Yifan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Model Driven Engineering ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Combat Effectiveness ◽  
Simulation Systems

Model-driven engineering has become popular in the combat effectiveness simulation systems engineering during these last years. It allows to systematically develop a simulation model in a composable way. However, implementing a conceptual model is really a complex and costly job if this is not guided under a well-established framework. Hence this study attempts to explore methodologies for engineering the development of simulation models. For this purpose, we define an ontological metamodelling framework. This framework starts with ontology-aware system conceptual descriptions, and then refines and transforms them toward system models until they reach final executable implementations. As a proof of concept, we identify a set of ontology-aware modelling frameworks in combat systems specification, then an underwater targets search scenario is presented as a motivating example for running simulations and results can be used as a reference for decision-making behaviors.

scholarly journals End of Paediatric Posting Assessment of Medical Interns at a Teaching hospital from Coastal Karnataka

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
K.S. Sahana ◽  
Ghulam Jeelani Qadiri ◽  
Prakash R.M. Saldanha
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Education ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Standardized Patients ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Medical Undergraduate ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Method Of Assessment ◽  
Medical Undergraduate Education

Introduction: Internship is very a critical period of a medical undergraduate education during which student evolves into a doctor. The objectives of this study were to assess the interns at the end of their paediatric postings. Materials and Methods. Interns knowledge and skills were assessed at the end of their postings in the must know areas. Assessment was conducted by the trained faculty and interns were given the orientation about it. Method of assessment included OSCE, simulation based using standardized patients and computer-based model driven simulators. Feedback was given to the students immediately at the end of their exam Results: Total 202 interns participated in the exam over the period of two years. New-borns assessment was done more frequently (22.7%) and interpretation of investigations was less frequently assessed (7.9%). Rest of other stations was assessed almost at the equal proportion. Highest score was observed in vaccines section (7.5) and lowest score was seen in procedures assessment (5.5). Conclusion. Interns were found to be weaker in procedural, communication and clinical scenario judgement skills which will help us in planning future training of the Interns.

Proof-of-Concept Prototype for Noninvasive Intracranial Pressure Monitoring Using Ocular Hemodynamics Under Applied Force

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Ketchem ◽  
Max Twedt ◽  
Darrin Lim ◽  
Greg Bashford ◽  
Jeff A. Hawks
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Icp Monitoring ◽  
Csf Pressure ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Actuator Control ◽  
Different Levels

Studies have suggested that elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure can have a damaging effect on the optic nerve and visual acuity. There is need for a noninvasive CSF pressure measurement technique. A portable device for noninvasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring would have a significant impact on clinical care. A proof-of-concept prototype is used to test the feasibility of a technique for monitoring ICP changes. The proposed methodology utilizes transcranial Doppler ultrasonography to monitor blood flow through the ophthalmic and central retinal arteries while forces are applied to the cornea by a controlled actuator. Control algorithms for the device were developed and tested using an integrated experimental platform. Preliminary results using tissue-mimicking materials show the ability to differentiate between materials of differing stiffness that simulates different levels of ICP. These experiments are an initial step toward a handheld noninvasive ICP monitoring device.

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