scholarly journals Memory recovery in relation to default mode network impairment and neurite density during brain tumor treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rafael Romero-Garcia ◽  
John Suckling ◽  
Mallory Owen ◽  
Moataz Assem ◽  
Rohitashwa Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Neurite Density ◽  
Memory Recovery ◽  
With Memory

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test brain tumor interactions with brain networks, thereby identifying protective features and risk factors for memory recovery after resection. METHODS Seventeen patients with diffuse nonenhancing glioma (ages 22–56 years) underwent longitudinal MRI before and after surgery, and during a 12-month recovery period (47 MRI scans in total after exclusion). After each scanning session, a battery of memory tests was performed using a tablet-based screening tool, including free verbal memory, overall verbal memory, episodic memory, orientation, forward digit span, and backward digit span. Using structural MRI and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) derived from diffusion-weighted images, the authors estimated lesion overlap and neurite density, respectively, with brain networks derived from normative data in healthy participants (somatomotor, dorsal attention, ventral attention, frontoparietal, and default mode network [DMN]). Linear mixed-effect models (LMMs) that regressed out the effect of age, gender, tumor grade, type of treatment, total lesion volume, and total neurite density were used to test the potential longitudinal associations between imaging markers and memory recovery. RESULTS Memory recovery was not significantly associated with either the tumor location based on traditional lobe classification or the type of treatment received by patients (i.e., surgery alone or surgery with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy). Nonlocal effects of tumors were evident on neurite density, which was reduced not only within the tumor but also beyond the tumor boundary. In contrast, high preoperative neurite density outside the tumor but within the DMN was associated with better memory recovery (LMM, p value after false discovery rate correction [Pfdr] < 10−3). Furthermore, postoperative and follow-up neurite density within the DMN and frontoparietal network were also associated with memory recovery (LMM, Pfdr = 0.014 and Pfdr = 0.001, respectively). Preoperative tumor and postoperative lesion overlap with the DMN showed a significant negative association with memory recovery (LMM, Pfdr = 0.002 and Pfdr < 10−4, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Imaging biomarkers of cognitive recovery and decline can be identified using NODDI and resting-state networks. Brain tumors and their corresponding treatment affecting brain networks that are fundamental for memory functioning such as the DMN can have a major impact on patients’ memory recovery.

scholarly journals Disruptive and protective outcomes to memory and attention when treating diffuse glioma

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Romero-Garcia ◽  
J Suckling ◽  
M Owen ◽  
M Assem ◽  
R Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Attention Deficits ◽  
Diffuse Glioma ◽  
Cognitive Recovery ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Neurite Density ◽  
With Memory

ABSTRACTSurgical resection with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy are effective treatments to delay glioma progression and improve survival. Nevertheless, a large proportion of patients have treatment-induced cognitive deficits that dramatically reduce their life quality. Predicting the treatment-induced functional impairments is difficult due to the complex interlocking and diffusely spread networks that underpin different aspects of cognition. Here we investigated glioma interactions with brain networks in relation to cognitive recovery after surgical resection and during chemo-radiotherapy treatment. Seventeen patients with diffuse non-enhancing glioma (aged 22-56 years) were longitudinally MRI-scanned and cognitively assessed using a tablet-based screening tool before and after surgery, and during a 12-months recovery period. Using structural MRI and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) derived from diffusion-weighted images, we respectively estimated tumour overlap and Neurite Density (as an in-vivo proxy measure of axon and dendrite concentration) with brain networks and functional maps derived from normative data in healthy participants. We found that neither total lesion volume nor tumour location based on traditional lobular divisions were associated with memory or attention deficits. However, tumour and lesion overlap with the Default Mode Network (DMN), Attention Network and attention-related regions located in frontal and parietal cortex was associated with memory and attention deficits. This association was above and beyond the contributions of preoperative cognitive status and tumour volume (Linear Mixed Model, Pfdr<0.05). On the other hand, Neurite Density was reduced not only within the tumour, but also beyond the tumour boundary, revealing a distal effect with global consequences to brain networks. High preoperative Neurite Density outside the tumour, but within the Frontoparietal Network was associated with better memory and attention recovery. Moreover, postoperative and follow-up Neurite Density within the DMN, Frontoparietal and Attention Networks were associated with memory and attention improvements (Pfdr<0.05). We conclude that gliomas located on brain networks that are fundamental for cognitive processing mediate cognitive deficits and they exert a distal effect on Neurite Density in these networks that is also associated with cognitive recovery. Our work provides insights into the brain reorganisation that occurs due to the presence of a tumour and its subsequent removal, which has potential capability to predict cognitive outcomes. Understanding the pathophysiology underlying tumour related cognitive outcomes will be vital to the development of novel prognostic biomarkers, subgroup stratification in clinical trials, and individualised rehabilitation programmes.

scholarly journals Effects of bariatric surgery on functional connectivity of the reward and default mode network: a pre-registered analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah S. Heinrichs ◽  
Frauke Beyer ◽  
Evelyn Medawar ◽  
Kristin Prehn ◽  
Juergen Ordemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Default Mode

Obesity imposes serious health risks and involves alterations in resting-state functional connectivity of brain networks involved in eating behavior. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment, but its effects on functional connectivity are still under debate. In this pre-registered study, we aimed to determine the effects of bariatric surgery on major resting-state brain networks (reward and default mode network) in a longitudinal controlled design. 33 bariatric surgery patients and 15 obese waiting-list control patients (37 females; aged 44.15 ± 11.86 SD years (range 21-68)) underwent magnetic resonance imaging at baseline, after 6 and 12 months. We conducted a pre-registered whole-brain time-by-group interaction analysis, and a time-by-group interaction analysis on within-network connectivity (https://osf.io/f8tpn/, https://osf.io/59bh7/). In exploratory analyses, we investigated the effects of weight loss and head motion. Bariatric surgery compared to waiting did not significantly affect functional connectivity (FWE-corrected p > 0.05), neither whole-brain nor within-network. In exploratory analyses, surgery-related BMI decrease (FWE-corrected p = 0.041) and higher average head motion (FWE-corrected p = 0.021) resulted in significantly stronger connectivity of the reward network with medial posterior frontal regions. This pre-registered well-controlled study did not support a strong effect of bariatric surgery, compared to waiting, on major resting-state brain networks after 6 months. Exploratory analyses indicated that head motion might have confounded the effects. Data pooling and more rigorous control of within-scanner head motion during data acquisition are needed to substantiate effects of bariatric surgery on brain organization.

scholarly journals Default Mode Network in Temporal Lobe epilepsy: interactions with memory performance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamires Araujo Zanão ◽  
Tátila Martins Lopes ◽  
Brunno Machado de Campos ◽  
Mateus Henrique Nogueira ◽  
Clarissa Lin Yasuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Default Mode

ABSTRACTObjectiveto investigate abnormal functional connectivity in the resting-state default mode network (DMN) and its relation to memory impairments in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with and without hippocampal sclerosis (HS)Methodwe enrolled 122 MTLE patients divided into right-HS (n=42), left-HS (n=49), MRI-negative MTLE (n=31) and controls (n=69). All underwent resting-state seed-based connectivity fMRI, with a seed placed at the posterior cingulate cortex, an essential node for the DMN. In addition, patients and 41 controls were tested for verbal and visual memory, estimated intelligence coefficient and delayed recall.ResultsBoth right-HS and MRI-negative group presented the poorest visual memory scores, and right-HS and left-HS had a worse performance in verbal memory compared to controls and MRI-negative groups. As expected, hippocampus was less connected than controls in all groups of patients. Although EEGs indicated that 64.5% of MRI-negative patients were lateralized to the left, this group showed activations similar to the right-HS.ConclusionOur data suggest that there is a disruption of the normal pattern of DMN in MTLE. Patients with left and right-HS presented similar, increased and decreased connectivity in the ipsilateral hemisphere; however, left-HS had abnormal decreased connectivity in the contralateral hemisphere. Per neuropsychological examination, the presence of HS in the left hemisphere had more impact on verbal memory, which was not found when the seizure focus is in the left hemisphere in the absence of HS. The absence of hippocampal atrophy seems to yield a less prominent disruption in both functional connectivity and neuropsychological performance.

scholarly journals Salience and Default Mode Network Coupling Predicts Cognition in Aging and Parkinson’s Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Putcha ◽  
Robert S. Ross ◽  
Alice Cronin-Golomb ◽  
Amy C. Janes ◽  
Chantal E. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Central Executive ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Imaging Results

AbstractObjectives:Cognitive impairment is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Three neurocognitive networks support efficient cognition: the salience network, the default mode network, and the central executive network. The salience network is thought to switch between activating and deactivating the default mode and central executive networks. Anti-correlated interactions between the salience and default mode networks in particular are necessary for efficient cognition. Our previous work demonstrated altered functional coupling between the neurocognitive networks in non-demented individuals with PD compared to age-matched control participants. Here, we aim to identify associations between cognition and functional coupling between these neurocognitive networks in the same group of participants.Methods:We investigated the extent to which intrinsic functional coupling among these neurocognitive networks is related to cognitive performance across three neuropsychological domains: executive functioning, psychomotor speed, and verbal memory. Twenty-four non-demented individuals with mild to moderate PD and 20 control participants were scanned at rest and evaluated on three neuropsychological domains.Results:PD participants were impaired on tests from all three domains compared to control participants. Our imaging results demonstrated that successful cognition across healthy aging and Parkinson’s disease participants was related to anti-correlated coupling between the salience and default mode networks. Individuals with poorer performance scores across groups demonstrated more positive salience network/default-mode network coupling.Conclusions:Successful cognition relies on healthy coupling between the salience and default mode networks, which may become dysfunctional in PD. These results can help inform non-pharmacological interventions (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) targeting these specific networks before they become vulnerable in early stages of Parkinson’s disease. (JINS, 2016,22, 205–215)

scholarly journals Modulatory Interactions between the Default Mode Network and Task Positive Networks in Resting-State

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Di ◽  
Bharat B. Biswal
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Brain Functions

Communications between different brain systems are critical to support complex brain functions. Unlike generally high functional connectivity between brain regions from same system, functional connectivity between regions from different systems are more variable. In the present study, we examined whether the connectivity between different brain networks were modulated by other regions by using physiophysiological interaction (PPI) on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Spatial independent component analysis was first conducted to identify the default mode network (DMN) and several task positive networks, including the salience, dorsal attention, left and right executive networks. PPI analysis was conducted between pairs of these networks to identify networks or regions that showed modulatory interactions with the two networks. Network-wise analysis revealed reciprocal modulatory interactions between the DMN, salience, and executive networks. Together with the anatomical properties of the salience network regions, the results suggest that the salience network may modulate the relationship between the DMN and executive networks. In addition, voxel-wise analysis demonstrated that the basal ganglia and thalamus positively interacted with the salience network and the dorsal attention network, and negatively interacted with the salience network and the DMN. The results demonstrated complex relationships among brain networks in resting-state, and suggested that between network communications of these networks may be modulated by some critical brain structures such as the salience network, basal ganglia, and thalamus.

Association of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms with Memory Function following Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gaoyi Li ◽  
Xi Han ◽  
Liang Gao ◽  
Wusong Tong ◽  
Qiang Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Multiple Linear Regressions ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Linear Regressions

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Memory impairment and mood disorders are among the most troubling sequelae following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The relationships between comorbid psychiatric disorders and memory function have not been well illustrated. The aim of the study was to explore the relationships of comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms with memory function following TBI. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 46 TBI participants across all levels of injury and 23 healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Wechsler Memory Scale-Chinese Revision (WMS-CR) picture, recognition, associative learning, comprehension memory, and digit span were administered to evaluate several categories of memory capacity. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was employed to evaluate the anxiety and depressive symptoms. Stepwise multiple linear regressions were conducted. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Compared to healthy controls, the participants with TBI reported more anxiety and depressive symptoms. In the meanwhile, they performed more poorly on memory tests, showing 1.84 SDs, 1.07 SDs, and 0.68 SDs below healthy participants on visuospatial memory, working memory, and verbal memory, respectively. A variety of variables, including HADS depression, HADS anxiety, age, GCS, and education were associated with posttraumatic memory function in the bivariate models. The stepwise multiple linear regressions demonstrated a negative association between HADS depression and posttraumatic memory function, especially performance on visuospatial and verbal memory and a positive association between education and posttraumatic memory function. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> More depressive symptoms rather than anxiety symptoms and less years of education are significant predictors for posttraumatic memory dysfunction.

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