Primary cerebellar nocardiosis

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Tyson ◽  
Joseph E. Welsh ◽  
Albert B. Butler ◽  
John A. Jane ◽  
H. Richard Winn
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Focus Of Infection ◽  
Surgical Cure ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Space Occupying Lesion ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors describe two cases of primary cerebellar nocardiosis. Confinement of Nocardia abscesses to a localized, accessible portion of the central nervous system should favor surgical cure of this aggressive and often fatal disease. In our two cases multilocularity, tenuous encapsulation, and proximity to the brain stem prevented complete primary excision. Nevertheless, the infections were effectively treated by intensive postoperative antibiotic therapy and, in one case, a second operation to excise the residual abscess. The need for the latter was suggested by the results of sequential computerized tomographic brain scans that were used to monitor the response to antibiotic therapy. In the absence of any apparent extracranial focus of infection and any overt condition that might impair immunological competence, nocardiosis is likely to be omitted from the preoperative differential diagnosis of a posterior fossa space-occupying lesion.

Multiple primary tumors of the brain and bowel

1972 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce F. Sorenson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Primary ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Primary Neoplasms ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A 69-year-old man had two different primary neoplasms of the central nervous system and a third primary malignant neoplasm of the large bowel. Similarities and differences between this case and cases previously reported are discussed.

Right temporal lobe glioblastoma presenting in the left orbit

2000 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 702-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan M. Kros ◽  
Herbert van den Berge ◽  
Hervé L. J. Tanghe ◽  
Stef L. M. Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Invasion ◽  
Initial Presentation ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Left Orbit ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Dose Radiation ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Dissemination of gliomas outside the central nervous system without preceding neurosurgery is a rare phenomenon. Glial neoplasms presenting as bone lesions are even more rare. A case of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with initial presentation in the orbit following a single generalized seizure is described. Signs of intracranial hypertension resulted from subarachnoid tumor invasion. The patient was treated with whole-dose radiation therapy but survived for only 6 months following the initial presentation. An autopsy revealed a right temporal GBM with extensive subarachnoid spread and invasion in the left orbit and skull base. The literature on dissemination of primary tumors of the brain is reviewed.

Capillary hemangioma of the central nervous system

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamitsu Abe ◽  
Kazuo Tabuchi ◽  
Shin Tanaka ◽  
Akira Hodozuka ◽  
Katsuzo Kunishio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Capillary Hemangioma ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perifocal Edema ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Capillary hemangiomas are benign tumors or tumorlike lesions that originate from blood vessels and have rarely been reported to develop in the brain or spinal cord. The authors summarize the clinical and histological features of capillary hemangiomas of the central nervous system (CNS). Methods. The clinical features, imaging characteristics, and outcomes in 10 patients with CNS capillary hemangiomas were reviewed. Histological studies included immunostaining with CD31, α-smooth muscle actin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and Ki-67 antigen. Three patients with lesions in the brain presented with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure or seizures. Seven patients with lesions in the spinal cord presented with progressive sensorimotor disturbances of the lower limbs. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated well-defined, enhancing lesions associated with marked perifocal edema. Angiography demonstrated hypervascular lesions, which have not recurred after resection. In two cases, multiple satellite lesions resolved after the systemic administration of steroid drugs or interferon-α. Histologically, all lesions were consistent with findings of capillary hemangioma of the skin or soft tissues. The CNS lesions differed significantly from other vascular neoplasms, such as hemangioendotheliomas, hemangiopericytomas, and hemangioblastomas. Conclusions. Capillary hemangiomas of the CNS are benign lesions that can be surgically removed and cured without adjuvant therapy.

Focal histiocytosis X of the parietal lobe

1980 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arfa Khan ◽  
John D. Fulco ◽  
Ashok Shende ◽  
Alan Rosenthal ◽  
Joseph A. Marc
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Histiocytosis X ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Tomography Scan ◽  
Space Occupying Lesion ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors describe a case of histiocytosis X of the parietal lobe presenting as a space-occupying lesion on a computerized tomography scan of the brain. The clinical, radiographic, and therapeutic aspects of the case are discussed. A brief review of the literature is presented.

Primary demyelinating disease simulating glioma of the corpus callosum

1981 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth G. Rieth ◽  
Giovanni Di Chiro ◽  
Laurence D. Cromwell ◽  
Paul E. McKeever ◽  
Paul L. Kornblith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Periventricular White Matter ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Computerized tomography (CT) has made it easier to distinguish tumoral from nontumoral diseases of the central nervous system. In the presence of mass effect, however, this distinction may be difficult or impossible to make. Primary demyelinating disease may occasionally present as a focal cerebral mass. The authors report three cases of primary demyelinating disease of the brain involving the corpus callosum and periventricular white matter and associated with mass effect, which proved difficult to differentiate from infiltrating “butterfly” gliomas.

Actinomycosis of the brain

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Chen-wei
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Excellent Health ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A rare case of actinomycosis of the brain is reported. The patient recovered after surgical excision of the lesion and a prolonged course of antibiotic therapy. At follow-up examination 25 months later, the patient was in excellent health. Different types of actinomycotic infections of the central nervous system are reviewed and the diagnosis and treatment of this disease are discussed.

Surface properties, more than size, limiting convective distribution of virus-sized particles and viruses in the central nervous system

2005 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Y. Chen ◽  
Alan Hoffer ◽  
Paul F. Morrison ◽  
John F. Hamilton ◽  
Jeffrey Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Achieving distribution of gene-carrying vectors is a major barrier to the clinical application of gene therapy. Because of the blood—brain barrier, the distribution of genetic vectors to the central nervous system (CNS) is even more challenging than delivery to other tissues. Direct intraparenchymal microinfusion, a minimally invasive technique, uses bulk flow (convection) to distribute suspensions of macromolecules widely through the extracellular space (convection-enhanced delivery [CED]). Although acute injection into solid tissue is often used for delivery of oligonucleotides, viruses, and liposomes, and there is preliminary evidence that certain of these large particles can spread through the interstitial space of the brain by the use of convection, the use of CED for distribution of viruses in the brain has not been systematically examined. That is the goal of this study. Methods. Investigators used a rodent model to examine the influence of size, osmolarity of buffering solutions, and surface coating on the volumetric distribution of virus-sized nanoparticles and viruses (adeno-associated viruses and adenoviruses) in the gray matter of the brain. The results demonstrate that channels in the extracellular space of gray matter in the brain are large enough to accommodate virus-sized particles and that the surface characteristics are critical determinants for distribution of viruses in the brain by convection. Conclusions. These results indicate that convective distribution can be used to distribute therapeutic viral vectors in the CNS.

Extensive cerebral nocardiosis cured with antibiotic therapy alone

1978 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 924-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigar Kirmani ◽  
Carmelita U. Tuazon ◽  
Jay A. Ocuin ◽  
Anne M. Thompson ◽  
Norman C. Kramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Surgical Drainage ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cerebral Nocardiosis ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A 34-year-old renal transplant recipient developed multiple soft tissue and extensive cerebral nocardiosis. The number and location of the cerebral abscesses and probable areas of cerebritis precluded surgical drainage procedures. Gradual resolution of all the cerebral lesions occurred over a period of 6 months with antibiotic therapy alone. A review of the literature revealed only one previous case of a patient with pulmonary nocardiosis who had a probable secondary brain abscess and who survived without surgical drainage. Thus, if surgical drainage is not possible, antibiotic therapy alone may offer a hope of survival in what otherwise has been considered a uniformly fatal disease.

Plasma globulin determinations in patients with microglioma

1971 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl H. Gunderson ◽  
James Henry ◽  
Nathan Malamud
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Reticulum Cell ◽  
Reticulum Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Brain Scan ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Five patients are described with cerebral microglioma or reticulum cell sarcoma. The tumors varied from local neoplasms to multicentric or miliary foci. One of these patients is the second case reported of a microglioma associated with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Serum electrophoresis on the other four patients did not reveal any consistent abnormality or pattern. Immunoglobulin studies performed on three of the five patients confirmed Waldenström's syndrome in one, revealed an elevated IgA globulin in a second, and was normal in a third. Cerebrospinal fluid findings included elevated spinal fluid protein in all five patients. The brain scan was abnormal in all four cases so tested. Arteriograms in four patients demonstrated tumor blushes indicative of increased numbers of enlarged vessels. The relationship between reticulum cell sarcomas originating in the central nervous system and those originating elsewhere is discussed.

Nasal glioma and encephalocele: two separate entities

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammod Younus ◽  
Peter E. Coode
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Developmental Abnormality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nasal Glioma ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The term “nasal glioma” is a confusing misnomer as it implies a neoplastic condition with malignant potential, which it is not. Nasal glioma is a rare developmental abnormality and should be differentiated from glioma, which is a malignant tumor of the brain, and from a primary encephalocele, which is herniation of the cranial contents through a bone defect in the skull, through which it retains an intact connection with the central nervous system. Two cases of nasal glioma, one with and one without intracranial connections, are described and the literature is reviewed.

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