scholarly journals Drug-drug Interactions between Hypoglycemic and Non-hypoglycemic Medication in Diabetic Patients with Comorbidities in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (243) ◽  
pp. 1125-1130
Author(s):  
Lujaw Ratna Tuladhar ◽  
Shirish Lal Shrestha ◽  
Sneha Bimali ◽  
Srijana Bhusal ◽  
Pingala Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drug Drug Interaction

Introduction: Drug-drug interaction is one of the causes of adverse drug reactions. Generally, drug-drug interaction is common in multidrug therapy. Diabetic patients, particularly due to associated comorbidities tend to have various drug-drug interactions due to the effect of multiple drugs. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of drug-drug interactions in diabetic patients. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted among previously diagnosed diabetic patients visiting the outpatient department of medicine at a tertiary care hospital between March 2021 and August 2021. Ethical approval was taken from the institutional review committee (Ref no: 030-076/077). Data was collected from diabetic patients presenting to the outpatient department of medicine using a preformed self-constructed questionnaire. Convenient sampling was done. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 and Microsoft Excel were used for data analysis. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: The prevalence of drug-drug interaction between hypoglycemic and non-hypoglycemic medication was 56 (44.1%) (35.5-52.7 at 95% Confidence Interval) of the patients out of which at least one drug-drug interaction was seen in 48 (37.8%) of the patients. Conclusions: Our study showed the prevalence of drug-drug interactions in diabetic patients to be higher than other studies done in similar settings. Based on the severity, we observed two types of drug-drug interactions; close monitoring drug-drug interactions and minor drug-drug interactions.

scholarly journals Primary Congenital Glaucoma among the Children Under 3 Years of Age in the Outpatient Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (241) ◽  
pp. 867-870
Author(s):  
Rakshya Panta Sitoula ◽  
Jamuna Gurung ◽  
Afaque Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Congenital Glaucoma ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Congenital Glaucoma

Introduction: Primary congenital glaucoma is a rare vision-threatening condition of children. Primary congenital glaucoma though a rare disease it is the most common cause of childhood glaucoma with potency to cause blindness. This study was undertaken to find the prevalence of the children with primary congenital glaucoma under 3 years of age in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary eye center in Nepal in children (≤ 3 years) presented in the outpatient department of a tertiary eye hospital between June 2017 and June 2020. The study was approved by the hospital review committee and adhered to the declaration of Helsinki. A convenient sampling method was used. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated with frequency distribution. Data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: Out of total children under 3 years who presented to the outpatient department, 46 (0.31%) at 95% Confidence Interval (0.30-0.32) had primary congenital glaucoma. Among them, 30 children (65.2%) had bilateral involvement. Mean intraocular pressure was 42.40±8.15mm Hg. The mean age of initial presentation, horizontal corneal diameter, and axial length were 12.07±8.9 months, 12.95±1mm, and 23.89±1.7mm respectively. Consanguinity was observed in 12 (26%) children. Conclusions: From the study, we conclude that there was a low prevalence of primary congenital glaucoma among children under 3 years of age who presented to the outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital.

scholarly journals Anemia among Adolescent Girls Attending the Pediatric Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (241) ◽  
pp. 862-866
Author(s):  
Bikash Bhandari ◽  
Anuja Kachapati ◽  
Kavita Lamichhane ◽  
Gaurab Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Introduction: Adolescents are children aged 10-19 years. Nutrition influences the growth and development during infancy, childhood and adolescence. Adolescent girls are at higher risk of anemia and undernutrition. This research was aimed to find the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in the adolescent girls attending the pediatric outpatient department of a tertiary care centre from October 2020 to May 2021. After the ethical clearance from the institutional review committee, 380 adolescent girls were taken using a convenient sampling technique. Anthropometric measurements, social demography and blood for hemoglobin estimation were taken and documented in predesigned proforma. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was done, and frequency and proportion were calculated. Results: Out of 380 adolescent girls, 230 (60.5%) at 95% Confidence Interval (55.56-65.41) were anemic with mean hemoglobin of 11.138±1.954 gm/dl. The mean age was 14.57±2.107 years. Conclusions: This study showed a higher prevalence of anemia than the national data. Proper education regarding personal and menstrual hygiene, weekly supplementation of iron in school, dietary habits and uplifting of economic status can prevent anemia in this population.

scholarly journals Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Orthopedic Outpatient Cases in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (243) ◽  
pp. 1116-1119
Author(s):  
Aashish Bhattarai ◽  
Anna Acharya ◽  
Krishna Raj Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Introduction: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are major drugs in treatment of pain and inflammation of different orthopedic conditions. There are different classes of non-steroidal anti-Inflammatory Drugs based on their selectivity to cyclooxygenase enzyme which has significant differences in safety profile. This study aims to determine the prevalence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs prescription in the orthopaedic outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among the patients in the orthopedic outpatient department of tertiary care hospital from December 2020 to March 2021. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of the college (Ref: 0311202007). Convenient sampling was done. A structured proforma was used with consent. The data were analyzed with Social Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was done and frequency and percentage were calculated. Results: Out of 140 orthopaedic out patient department prescriptions screened, 118 (84.28%) (78.25-90.30 at 95% Confidence Interval) prescriptions included non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Aceclofenac 76 (64.4%) was the most prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Conclusions: Aceclofenac was the most preferred agent for the treatment in the department of orthopedics. The most common proton pump inhibitor used alone with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was rabeprazole.

scholarly journals Onychomycosis among Clinically Suspected Cases Attending the Dermatology Out-patient Department of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (237) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beena Jha ◽  
Manisha Sharma ◽  
Sagar GC ◽  
Jyotshna Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Onychomycosis is a fungal disease of the nail apparatus caused by dermatophytes, non-dermatophytes and yeasts. Although onychomycosis is rarely life threatening, its high incidence and the associated morbidity makes it an important public health problem. This study was aimed to find the prevalence of onychomycosis among clinically suspected patients attending the outpatient department of Dermatology and Venereology. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in a total of 200 clinically suspected cases of onychomycosis attending the Dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital within the period of one year from 1st September 2019 to 31st August 2020. Ethical approval (Reference: 150320196) was taken and convenience sampling was done. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 19. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 200 clinically suspected cases prevalence of onychomycosis was found to be 40 (20%) (Confidence Interval = 19.94-20.06) by both direct microscopy and culture. Onychomycosis was commonest among age group of 21-40 years and more predominant among male patients 60 (65.21%). The fingernails were frequently involved i.e., 58 (63%) cases followed by toenails 34 (21%). Dermatophytes were the most common type of fungal infection accounting for 25 (62.5%). Conclusions: The study highlighted dermatophytes as the most common clinical pattern of onychomycosis and Trichophyton rubrum as the most common aetiological agent causing onychomycosis.

scholarly journals Septorhinoplasty among Patients who Visited the Outpatient Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (237) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nain Bahadur Mahato ◽  
Deepak Regmi ◽  
Meera Bista
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Head And Neck Surgery ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

Introduction: The nose is the central most part of the face, so any nasal deformities may cause a high level of psychological distress on one’s quality of life. Septorhinoplasty is a surgical procedure used to correct both functional as well as aesthetic problems of the nose. It enhances facial harmony and increases self-confidence. The objective of this study is to find out the prevalence of out-patients who underwent septorhinoplasty in a tertiary care centre in Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among 5,760 patients who visited the outpatient department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of Kathmandu Medical College from April 2019 to September 2020. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Committee of Kathmandu Medical College. A convenient sampling technique was used. The preoperative and postoperative assessment was done with the help of a rhinoplasty outcome evaluation questionnaire. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences is used for analysis. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: The prevalence of septorhinoplasty was 117 (2.03%) during the study period (95% Confidence Interval= 1.66-2.40). Among 117 patients, 67 (57.3%) were males and 50 (42.7%) were females. Among 117 patients, 85 (72.6%) patients underwent an open approach, while 32 (27.4%) patients underwent closed approach rhinoplasty for the correction of both aesthetic and functional problems. Conclusions: This study concludes the prevalence of septorhinoplasty is low which may be due to the COVID-19 pandemic during the study period.

scholarly journals SURVEY OF PATTERN OF DRUG INTERACTIONS IN PATIENTS BEING PRESCRIBED ANTI-DIABETIC MEDICATIONS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: PROSPECTIVE CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujeet A. Divhare ◽  
Satyashil Ingale
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Potential Ddis ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Potential importance of drug –drug interactions (DDIs) is increasing as polypharmacy becomes more prevalent. Because additional data on the incidence and pattern of potential DDIs among diabetic patients are lacking in India, and supplemental pharmacodynamic or clinical outcome information is needed to address importance of a drug- drug interaction. Aim and objectives: To identify and analyze the pattern of DDIs in patients being prescribed anti-diabetic drugs in a tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out for a period of three months in 200 Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) patients who were taking at least one antidiabetic agent during the period of past six months, of any age and either sex admitted in medicine ward of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Only one prescription was included for each patient on his/her 3rd day of hospitalization in the ward. Results: A total of 1217 drugs were prescribed in 200 prescriptions, resulting in an average of 6.1 drugs per prescription. A total of 637 potential DDIs were noted. The majority were seen in middle aged and elderly people. No overall difference was detected in the patients on insulin or metformin therapy taking or not taking additional drugs with the potential to interact. Worse control was found in the group of patients on sulphonylurea therapy taking interacting drugs (P <0.05). This difference was most marked in the group of patients over 60 years of age, who also had the highest intake of potentially interacting drugs (57%; <35 years-37%). Conclusion: Antidiabetic drugs have numerous interactions. A good practice is to use a drug­–drug interaction checker if any questions arise, several are available online. Quality care starts with the clinician obtaining a complete medication list for each patient at the start of each visit. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, drug interactions, hypoglycemic agents, drug therapy, co-morbidity, polypharmacy

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency among Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (231) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimesh Poudel ◽  
Subodh Sagar Dhakal ◽  
Renu Sukhupayo ◽  
Dambar Bahadur Karki
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a common condition prevalent among both developed and developing countries where it is seen mostly in females. It has been linked to various skeletal and non-skeletal diseases. This study was done to find out the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and clinical features of deficient patients attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done among the patients attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. The study was conducted from May 2019 to July 2019. The ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (ref no. 310520113). Convenient sampling was done. The collected data was entered in Microsoft Excel and was analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Results: Out of 481 participants, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 335 (69.6%). Severe vitamin D deficiency was seen in 78 (16.2%) and insufficient vitamin D in 77 (16%) of the patients. The mean serum vitamin D concentration by gender was 22.38±17.07 ng/ml in males and 18.89±15.25 ng/ml in females. A total of 263 (54.6%) females and 72 (14.97%) males had vitamin D deficiency. The most common symptoms found in vitamin D deficiency patients were fatigue 187(55.8%), muscle cramps 131(39.1%), generalized myalgia 125(37.31%), bone and joint pain 111(33.13%) Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent especially in females and elderly people. Fatigability was present in more than half of the vitamin D deficient patients.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON POTENTIAL DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS AMONG PATIENTS ADMITTED UNDER DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Sanjib Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Kaushik Mitra ◽  
Dipankar Bhaumik ◽  
Saibal Das
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Different Types

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) among patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital in India. Methods: This was anobservational and cross sectional study for 3 months. All the patients admitted in the general ward under Department of Medicine. Pre-structured proforma and patient’s charts were be used for data collection on the 2nd day of admission. For drug interactions, online ‘Medscape Drug Interaction Checker’ was used. Results: A total of 61 charts were screened. A total of 304 drugs with 57 different types were admitted to these patients (including all dosage forms and routes). The total number of pDDIs were 217, of them 69 were minor, 130 were significant and 18 were serious (including repetitions in different patients). There were 13 unique serious pDDIs. Conclusion: The incidence of pDDIs in our study was high. Controlled study to evaluate whether good clinical management of DDIs can reduce drug-related morbidity or mortality is needed. Keywords:Potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs), adverse drug reactions (ADRs), poly-medication, hospitalization, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics interactions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document