scholarly journals Endoscopic Septoturbinoplasty among Patients Undergoing Surgery in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (244) ◽  
pp. 1229-1233
Author(s):  
Nain Bahadur Mahato ◽  
Meera Bista ◽  
Bhuwan Bhandari ◽  
Rosi Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptom Evaluation

Introduction: Septoplasty without turbinoplasty is one of the main reasons for failure of procedure in case of deviated nasal septum with inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Septoturbinoplasty is the procedure of choice for complete treatment. The main objective is to find out the prevalence of endoscopic septoturbinoplasty among patients undergoing surgery in Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery done over a period of 1 year duration from 1st August 2020 to 31st July 2021 among 1248 patients who underwent surgery in the department. Ethical Approval was taken from Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital (Reference number: 2207202004). A convenience sampling technique was used. Two different techniques, Microdebrider Assisted Turbinoplasty and Outfracture with Submucosal Diathermy were used in surgery. Nasal Obstruction and Symptom Evaluation Scale questionnaire was used pre and postoperatively for data collection. Data were analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated, with frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviations. Results: Out of 1248 patients, about 92 (7.37%) patients (4.95-10.14 at 95% Confidence Interval) underwent septoturbinoplasty. The mean Nasal Obstruction and Symptom Evaluation Scale before surgery was 75.21±6.19. Conclusions: The prevalence of septoturbinoplasty in our study is similar to other studies done in similar settings. We found almost complete resolution of breathing problems following endoscopic septoturbinoplasty, hence improving quality of life.

scholarly journals Hyponatremia among Postoperative Children Administered with Hypotonic Fluids in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (243) ◽  
pp. 1131-1135
Author(s):  
Ashish Lal Shrestha ◽  
Susan Jehangir Homi ◽  
Reju Joseph Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypotonic Fluids

Introduction: Hypotonic solutions in postoperative children may cause hyponatremia. Considering humidity and temperatures in India, this study was conducted to find out the prevalence of hyponatremia among postoperative children who were administered with hypotonic solutions in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Ethical approval was taken from the institutional review board of Christian Medical College, Vellore, India (Reference number: 9177). Children aged less than 15 years undergoing elective surgery, requiring fasting for more than 12 hours post-operatively with normal preoperative electrolytes and renal functions were included. Hypotonic fluids were administered following existent protocol. Electrolytes were repeated immediate postoperatively and at 12-24 hours. Data was entered into and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 18.0. Point estimate at 90% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among 109 participants, hyponatremia in the postoperative period was seen in 53 (48.6%) (40.7-56.5 at 90% Confidence Interval) children. Hyponatremia was found in the immediate postoperative period in 10 (9.2%) children. All received Ringer Lactate as maintenance intra-operatively and none were severe enough to need correction. In the 12–24-hour sample, 43 (39.41%) had hyponatremia and none in severe category. Conclusions: Asymptomatic hyponatremia was noted in normal children planned for elective surgery. Among children managed with the existing institutional perioperative (hypotonic) fluid management protocol, subclinical postoperative hyponatremia within 12-24 hours of surgery was noted in a significant proportion, which was more in the hot and warm months in tropics. There are grounds for switching to isotonic fluids for perioperative management.

scholarly journals Robson’s Group 2 Criteria among Total Caesarean Sections in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (243) ◽  
pp. 1098-1101
Author(s):  
Pratigyan Gautam ◽  
Chanda Karki ◽  
Asmita Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group 2

Introduction: Globally, there is a dramatic rise in cesarean section rate which has increased the maternal morbidity and adverse effects in a subsequent pregnancy. Robson’s classification will aid in the optimization of the cesarean section use, assessment of the strategies aimed to decrease the cesarean section rate and thus improve the clinical practices and quality of care in various health care facilities. The main aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of caesarean section for Robson’s group 2 among total caesarean sections done in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at a tertiary care centre in Nepal from August 2020 to January 2021. Ethical approval was taken from the institutional review committee (reference number: 1607202003) and data were entered using Robson’s criteria. The convenient sampling technique was used. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data. Results: According to Robson’s group 10 classification, among 380 caesarean sections, 110 (28.94%) (24.38-33.50 at 95% Confidence Interval) cases were in Robson’s group number 2. Conclusions: This study showed that the prevalence of caesarean section which lies in Robson’s group 2 in our study is higher than the standard of World Health Organization. It showed that Robson’s group 2 was one of the significant contributors to the greater caesarean section rate. Improved case selection, standardization, and protocol for induction of labour as well as regular audit could also reduce caesarean section rates.

scholarly journals Postpartum Hemorrhage in Pregnancy beyond 40 Weeks of Gestation in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (237) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Bastakoti Gaire ◽  
Suman Raj Tamrakar ◽  
Anjana Singh Dongol
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Postpartum Hemorrhage ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
In Pregnancy

Introduction: Postpartum hemorrhage is defined as a blood loss of 500ml or more within 24 hours after birth. It is the leading cause of maternal mortality in low-income countries and the primary cause of nearly one-quarter of all maternal deaths globally. It occurs in up to 18% of total births. Post-dated pregnancy is a high-risk pregnancy with increased maternal morbidity. This study aims to determine the prevalence of postpartum hemorrhage in pregnancy beyond 40 weeks of gestation in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women beyond 40 weeks in Dhulikhel hospital from October 2016 to March 2017. The study was conducted after ethical clearance from the hospital research committee (reference number#128/16). The sample size was calculated and convenient sampling was done. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences is used for analysis. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data. Results: Out of 465 ladies enrolled in this study postpartum hemorrhage was seen in 6 (1.29%) (95% Confidence Interval = 0.267-2.31), and the mean age was 24.25+4.8. About 346 (74.4%) had a normal delivery, 104 (22.36%) had cesarean section and 15 (3.22%) had instrumental delivery. Conclusions: Postpartum haemorrhage prevalence is low among the pregnant women beyond 40 weeks compared to the standard study. Postpartum hemorrhage is the common leading cause of maternal mortality. So high-risk cases should be identified and active management should be done to reduce morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Skin Tumors among Biopsy Samples in Patients Attending Dermatological Out Patient Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (241) ◽  
pp. 886-891
Author(s):  
Shristi Shrestha ◽  
Arnija Rana ◽  
Deepika Karki ◽  
Asim Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Skin Tumors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skin Biopsies

Introduction: Skin tumors are on the rise in the Nepalese community. The different morphological pattern of skin tumors requires its meticulous categorization for understanding its effect on prognosis and treatment. Our study aimed at studying the prevalence of skin tumors among the skin biopsies performed in the dermatology outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done from skin biopsy samples from 1st January, 2017 to 31st December, 2019, at a tertiary care center. Ethical clearance was taken from the institutional review committee (IRC), Ref No: 056-077/078. Convenience sampling was done. A self-designed proforma containing questions on the patients' socio-demographic data and clinical details were used, and a biopsy of those clinically suspected to have skin tumors was done. Skin tumors were classified according to the World Health Organization 2018 classification of skin tumors. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 16. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was done, and frequency and proportion were calculated. Results: A total of 671 skin biopsies were done during this study, out of which 125 (18.63%) at 95% Confidence Interval (15.68-21.57) were diagnosed with skin tumors. Among them, 77 (61.6%) were female, and 48 (38.4%) were male. Among the diagnosed cases, 105 (84%) were benign, and 20 (16%) were malignant. Conclusions: The findings from our study show the increasing prevalence of skin tumors, and the results were comparable to other similar studies conducted in various parts of Nepal.

scholarly journals Composite Anxiety-depression among Medical Undergraduates during COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (241) ◽  
pp. 881-885
Author(s):  
Pratikshya Chalise Chalise ◽  
Avilasha Singh ◽  
Era Rawal ◽  
Pravash Budhathoki ◽  
Satyasuna Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Undergraduates ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Introduction: Fear and anxiety is a natural response during crisis. From constant worry of getting infected, death of loved ones, transitioning of lifestyle to loss of social connection; there can be several psychological triggers. The effect on mental health on the general population could be greater than those affected by the infection itself during the pandemic. Among medical students, who already have several other psychological afflictions, these triggers might be detrimental. Hence, this study aims to find out the prevalence of composite anxiety-depression among medical undergraduates in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among medical undergraduates in a tertiary care hospital from 20th December 2020 to 5th January 2021. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee. The sample size was calculated and convenient sampling was done. The data were entered in International Business Machines Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 315 participants on the Patient Health Questionnaire-Anxiety and Depression Scale, severe composite anxiety-depression was seen in 10 (3.17%) at 95% Confidence Interval (1.23-5.1) participants, moderate in 35 (11.11%) at 95% Confidence Interval (7.63-14.58) and mild in 98 (31.11%) at 95% Confidence Interval (25.99-36.22). And 172 (54.6%) at 95% Confidence Interval (49.1-60) were normal. Conclusions: The rapid rise of apprehension among people amidst infectious outbreaks can ensue and medical students are no exception. So, at this time of crisis, there is a need to protect their mental health and it should be emphasized and endorsed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Osteoporosis among Adults in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (220) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shriraj Shrestha ◽  
Saurav Dahal ◽  
Parash Bhandari ◽  
Suraj Bajracharya ◽  
Anurag Marasini
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Quantitative Ultrasound ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Calcaneal Quantitative Ultrasound ◽  
Prevalence Of Osteoporosis

Introduction:  Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease characterized by increased bone fragility, yet underdiagnosed and undertreated. With the increase in longevity of the populace, it is becoming an urgent and serious global epidemic. This being a preventable disease, has no clinical manifestations until there is a fracture. Early diagnosis and treatment are of dire necessity. Hence the aim of our study is to find the prevalence of osteoporosis among adults attending a tertiary care hospital-based on calcaneal quantitative ultrasound. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done in a tertiary care hospital, from 15th July 2019 to 15th October 2019 after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Registration number: 2075 / 76 / 119). Convenient sampling was done. Data collection and entry was done in Microsoft excel, point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.    Results: Out of 464 participants the overall prevalence of osteoporosis was 38 (8.2%) at a 95% confidence interval (5.7-10.7). Among the participants, 141 (30.4%) were male and 323 (69.6%) were female. The mean age of the participant was 41.02±14.96 years. Osteoporosis was more common in the older age group 11.66 (30.7%) in 60 years above Women were found to be more osteoporotic than men, 3.42 (9.0%) and 2.43 (6.4%) respectively. Bone mineral density and osteoporosis had a bimodal distribution, underweight 5.01 (13.2%) and obese group 5.32 (14.0%) were the two peaks. Conclusions: The prevalence of osteoporosis in our study is high and is consistent with other South Asian studies. Early detection of osteoporosis using calcaneal quantitative ultrasound can be a good screening tool.

scholarly journals Trans-oral Extra Tonsillar Approach of Styloidectomy for Treatment of Eagle’s Syndrome among Operated Cases of the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (240) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Regmi ◽  
Rachana Baidhya ◽  
Ashik Rajak ◽  
Sangita Shrestha ◽  
Meera Bista
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Head And Neck Surgery ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Eagle’s syndrome is a poorly understood clinical entity that has variable presentations like recurrent throat pain or foreign body sensation, dysphagia, or facial pain. With a confirmed diagnosis, a surgical approach is considered appropriate for its treatment. This study aims to find out the prevalence of trans-oral extra tonsillar approach of styloidectomy among the operated cases of Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,475 who underwent surgery at the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery in a tertiary care center of Nepal between July 2018 to September 2020 after receiving the ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 0106201802). Convenience sampling was done and data was entered in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among 1,475 patients enrolled in the study, 24 (1.62%) patients (95% Confidence Interval= 0.97-2.26) underwent trans-oral extra tonsillar approach of surgery for Eagle’s syndrome during the study duration. Conclusions: The prevalence of styloidectomy among the operated cases of our study is low in comparison to other studies done in similar settings. Transoral extra tonsillar approach can be considered as a novel approach for surgical removal of the styloid process in Eagle’s Syndrome.

scholarly journals Primary Congenital Glaucoma among the Children Under 3 Years of Age in the Outpatient Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (241) ◽  
pp. 867-870
Author(s):  
Rakshya Panta Sitoula ◽  
Jamuna Gurung ◽  
Afaque Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Congenital Glaucoma ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Congenital Glaucoma

Introduction: Primary congenital glaucoma is a rare vision-threatening condition of children. Primary congenital glaucoma though a rare disease it is the most common cause of childhood glaucoma with potency to cause blindness. This study was undertaken to find the prevalence of the children with primary congenital glaucoma under 3 years of age in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary eye center in Nepal in children (≤ 3 years) presented in the outpatient department of a tertiary eye hospital between June 2017 and June 2020. The study was approved by the hospital review committee and adhered to the declaration of Helsinki. A convenient sampling method was used. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated with frequency distribution. Data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: Out of total children under 3 years who presented to the outpatient department, 46 (0.31%) at 95% Confidence Interval (0.30-0.32) had primary congenital glaucoma. Among them, 30 children (65.2%) had bilateral involvement. Mean intraocular pressure was 42.40±8.15mm Hg. The mean age of initial presentation, horizontal corneal diameter, and axial length were 12.07±8.9 months, 12.95±1mm, and 23.89±1.7mm respectively. Consanguinity was observed in 12 (26%) children. Conclusions: From the study, we conclude that there was a low prevalence of primary congenital glaucoma among children under 3 years of age who presented to the outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Dyspnea among Patients Attending the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (219) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anmol Purna Shrestha ◽  
Roshana Shrestha ◽  
Sanu Krishna Shrestha ◽  
Alok Pradhan ◽  
Samjhana Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Dyspnea is a common presenting complaint in the emergency department worldwide and a diagnostic challenge for emergency physicians. Our study aims to find the prevalence of dyspnea among patients attending emergency department in our hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the emergency department of Dhulikhel hospital from May 2019 to July 2019 after ethical approval from the institutional review committee. Total 1200 samples were collected by consecutive sampling method. All patients were triaged in the emergency department as a part of regular protocol. The participants were included in the study after obtaining an informed consent from the patient or caretaker (if the patient were not able to provide it). Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. The statistical analysis was done using R version 3.5.3 (2019-03-11). Results: The prevalence of dyspnea among patients attending emergency department of a tertiary care hospital was 107 (8.9%) (4.6%-13.2%) at 95% confidence interval. The patients triaged into red, orange and yellow categories were 14 (13.1%), 50 (46.7%) and 43 (40.2%) respectively. Median age was 64 years and 74 (69%) were ≥60 years. Sixty-seven (62.6%) were females and 40 (37.4%) were males. Forty-four (41.1%) arrived by ambulance. Most commonly associated symptoms were cough and fever 59 (51.1%) and 44 (41.1%) respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of dyspnea among patients attending emergency department of our hospital is higher compared to that of other studies. This warrants structured and prompt management of dyspnea for quality improvement.

scholarly journals Anemia among Adolescent Girls Attending the Pediatric Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (241) ◽  
pp. 862-866
Author(s):  
Bikash Bhandari ◽  
Anuja Kachapati ◽  
Kavita Lamichhane ◽  
Gaurab Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Introduction: Adolescents are children aged 10-19 years. Nutrition influences the growth and development during infancy, childhood and adolescence. Adolescent girls are at higher risk of anemia and undernutrition. This research was aimed to find the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in the adolescent girls attending the pediatric outpatient department of a tertiary care centre from October 2020 to May 2021. After the ethical clearance from the institutional review committee, 380 adolescent girls were taken using a convenient sampling technique. Anthropometric measurements, social demography and blood for hemoglobin estimation were taken and documented in predesigned proforma. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was done, and frequency and proportion were calculated. Results: Out of 380 adolescent girls, 230 (60.5%) at 95% Confidence Interval (55.56-65.41) were anemic with mean hemoglobin of 11.138±1.954 gm/dl. The mean age was 14.57±2.107 years. Conclusions: This study showed a higher prevalence of anemia than the national data. Proper education regarding personal and menstrual hygiene, weekly supplementation of iron in school, dietary habits and uplifting of economic status can prevent anemia in this population.

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