Ultrasonic measurement of propagation of leading edge contraction from interventricular septum to left ventricular posterior wall for the human heart

Choonpa Igaku ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akane HAYASHI ◽  
Mototaka ARAKAWA ◽  
Hiroshi KANAI
Keyword(s):  
Human Heart ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurement ◽  
Edge Contraction

scholarly journals Difference in Thickness Between Right Ventricle and Left Ventricle of Adult Human Heart: A Cadaveric Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 8116-8119
Author(s):  
Kalpana Thounaojam ◽  
◽  
Keisam Anupama Devi ◽  
Joyce Tunglut ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
The Right

Background: The left ventricle is longer and narrower than the right ventricle, extending from its base in the plane of the atrioventricular groove to the cardiac apex. The wall of the left ventricle is three times thicker (8-12 mm) than those of right ventricle. The wall of the right ventricle is relatively thin (3–5 mm), the ratio of the thickness of the two ventricular walls usually being 1:3. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by myocardial wall thickening, particularly a disproportionate thickening of the interventricular septum in comparison with the posterior wall. An athlete’s heart may physiologically hypertrophy but in a uniform fashion. The objective of the study is to determine the thickness of wall of right and left ventricle of adult human heart and ratio of thickness of right and left ventricle. Materials and Methods: Adult human hearts were procured from the specimens preserved in Anatomy Department of Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences. A cross-sectional study was conducted on forty- four specimen of adult heart. The measurement of the right and left ventricular wall was done with digital vernier caliper. The measurements were done at three levels in both right and left ventricle: upper, middle and lower part. Result and Conclusion: The ratio of the thickness of the wall of right and left ventricle is well known as 1:3. However, in our study we found the ratio as 1:1.4. We found the thickness of the right ventricle thicker than the normal thickness reported in previous studies. We wish to continue the study with a larger sample size. KEY WORDS: Heart, Right ventricle, left ventricle, Thickness Ratio, Myocardium.

scholarly journals Association between Neonatal Intakes and Hyperglycemia, and Left Heart and Aortic Dimensions at 6.5 Years of Age in Children Born Extremely Preterm

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2554
Author(s):  
Jawwad Hamayun ◽  
Lilly-Ann Mohlkert ◽  
Elisabeth Stoltz Sjöström ◽  
Magnus Domellöf ◽  
Mikael Norman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Heart ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Extremely Preterm Infants ◽  
Nutritional Data ◽  
Aortic Dimensions

Survivors of extremely preterm birth (gestational age < 27 weeks) have been reported to exhibit an altered cardiovascular phenotype in childhood. The mechanisms are unknown. We investigated associations between postnatal nutritional intakes and hyperglycemia, and left heart and aortic dimensions in children born extremely preterm. Postnatal nutritional data and echocardiographic dimensions at 6.5 years of age were extracted from a sub-cohort of the Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study (EXPRESS; children born extremely preterm between 2004–2007, n = 171, mean (SD) birth weight = 784 (165) grams). Associations between macronutrient intakes or number of days with hyperglycemia (blood glucose > 8 mmol/L) in the neonatal period (exposure) and left heart and aortic dimensions at follow-up (outcome) were investigated. Neonatal protein intake was not associated with the outcomes, whereas higher lipid intake was significantly associated with larger aortic root diameter (B = 0.040, p = 0.009). Higher neonatal carbohydrate intake was associated with smaller aorta annulus diameter (B = −0.016, p = 0.008). Longer exposure to neonatal hyperglycemia was associated with increased thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall (B = 0.004, p = 0.008) and interventricular septum (B = 0.004, p = 0.010). The findings in this study indicate that postnatal nutrition and hyperglycemia may play a role in some but not all long-lasting developmental adaptations of the cardiovascular system in children born extremely preterm.

scholarly journals Left ventricular geometric patterns and cardiac function in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Manes ◽  
Manlio Gagliardi ◽  
Gianfranco Misuraca ◽  
Stefania Rossi ◽  
Mario Chiatto
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Posterior Wall Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to estimate the impact and prevalence of left ventricular geometric alterations and systolic and diastolic dysfunction in hemodialysis patients, as well as the relationship with cardiac troponin as a marker of myocardial damage. Methods: 31 patients (pts), 19 males and 12 females, age 58.1±16.4 (26 on hemodialysis, 5 on peritoneal dialysis) and 31 healthy normal controls were enrolled. Echocardiography measurements were carried out according to the American Society of Echocardiography recommendations. Left ventricular mass was calculated, according to the Devereux formula and indexed to height and weight 2.7. Doppler echocardiography was performed to study diastolic function by measurements of isovolumetric relaxation period (IVRT), E wave deceleretion time (DTE) and E/A ratio. Cardiac troponin was measured by a third generation electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test for between-group comparisons and the Pearson and Spearman’s tests to investigate correlations; p values of &lt;0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Eccentric hypertrophy was the most frequent pattern (n=17; 55%), followed by normal cardiac geometry (n=7; 23%), and concentric hypertrophy (n=5; 16%). Only 6% of pts (n=2) showed concentric remodelling. Systolic dysfunction was present in terms of endocardial parameters in 3 pts (9%) (fractional shartening &lt;25%, EF&lt;50%), but in terms of midwall myocardial shortening in 51% (n=16). Diastolic dysfunction was present in 87% (n=27) with a pattern of impaired relaxation (in 5 without left ventricular hypertrophy). E/A was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.41, p=0.02); DTE was positively correlated with posterior wall thickness (r=0.36, p=0.05) and interventricular septum thickness (r=0.45, p=0.01); cardiac troponin was positively correlated with age (r=0.50, p=0.00), left ventricular mass (r=0.41, p=0.02), posterior wall thickness (r=0.41; p=0.02) and interventricular septum thickness (r=0.39, p=0.03) but not with diastolic dysfunction parameters. No significant difference was found in terms of duration of dialysis between patients with normal left ventricular geometry and those with left ventricular hypertrophy, but a significant difference in age was found (p=0.03). Pts with diastolic dysfunction had more frequent hypotensive episodes during dialysis (p &lt;0.01). Conclusion: Impaired geometry and cardiac function is frequently observed in pts undergoing hemodialysis. Diastolic dysfuction is associated to a geometric pattern of left ventricular hypetrophy, although it can be an isolated initial manifestation of myocardial damage. Depressed midwall myocardial shortening can discriminate left ventricular dysfunction better than traditional endocardial systolic indexes.

Characterization of Cardiac Diseases in Dogs Prevalent in Indian Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yadav ◽  
T. Kumar ◽  
N. Sindhu ◽  
D. Agnihotri ◽  
C. Jajoria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Troponin I ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Left Ventricular Dilation ◽  
Atrial Enlargement

Background: Cardiac diseases defined as structural, functional, mechanical and electrical abnormality of heart. Characterization of different cardiac diseases in dogs prevalent in North Indian conditions is least studied. Methods: Out of total 2582 registered dogs, 41 were suspected for cardiac diseases based on clinical signs. Further confirmation and characterization was done by electrocardiography, radiography, echocardiography and cardiac biomarkers. Statistical analysis was done through SPSS 23. Result: Present study inferred, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) as the most prevalent cardiac affection. Left ventricular dilation, interventricular septum thinning, increased E point septal separation and left atrial enlargement were characteristic echocardiographic indices in DCM. Echocardiographic indices in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were increased interventricular septum, left ventricular posterior wall and reduced left ventricular lumen. Labrador retriever found to be most predisposed breed for DCM while Rottweiler reported to be most affected with pericardial effusion. Cardiac Troponin-I (cTnI) was statistically (p less than 0.05) increased in all cardiac categories with cut off value above 92 ng/l indicating cardiac affection, while Lactate dehydrogenase serve as screening biochemical marker with significant increase in all the cardiac cases ranging from 291 IU/l to 586.4 IU/l.

scholarly journals P955 left ventricle cardiac remodeling among lithuanian football versus basketball players

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Aldujeli ◽  
J Laukaitiene ◽  
R Unikas
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Relative Wall Thickness ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Lv Mass

Abstract Background Regular physical exercise causes a continuous gradual increase of the cardiac left ventricular (LV) mass known as physiological adaptive hypertrophy. The extent of LV remodeling depends on the type, amount, and intensity of the exercise. Purpose The aim of this study was to compare structural changes of the heart among Lithuanian football, basketball players and unathletic controls. Methods A total of 50 Lithuanian males aged between 20-29 years volunteered to participate in the study. Football players (n = 15) playing for local II league football clubs,and Basketball players (n = 15) playing for local minor league basketball teams. All athletes had been regularly engaged in their sport for at least three years. Inactive healthy volunteers (n = 20) of similar age served as controls. Routine transthoracic echocardiographic examinations to measure end-diastolic LV dimensions were performed by cardiology fellow under the supervision of a fully licensed cardiologist. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 20.0 software. The value of p &lt; 0,05 was considered as statistically significant. Results No structural or functional pathologies were evident during the echocardiographic examination in any of the subjects. Absolute interventricular septum (IVS) thickness and LV posterior wall thickness, but not LV diameter, were higher in athletes than in inactive controls (P &lt; 0,001). Indexed LV diameter was higher in football players as compared with non-athlete controls and basketball players (P &lt; 0,05). Left ventricular mass of all athletes were higher as compared with controls (p &lt; 0.001). Relative wall thickness was not increased in football players but was higher in basketball players as compared with controls (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion Cardiac remodeling in Lithuanian football players resulted in left ventricle eccentric hypertrophy due to the LV dilation, increased LV mass and relatively normal relative wall thickness. However in Lithuanian basketball players we noticed an increase in both relative wall thickness and LV mass resulting in LV concentric hypertrophy. Echocardiographic characteristics Groups n End-diastolic LV diameter(mm) End-diastolic Interventricular septum (mm) End-diastolic LV posterior wall LV mass Football Players 15 56.9 10.8 10.8 242 Basketball players 15 53.6 11.5 11.3 254 Inactive individuals 20 53.2 9.1 9.5 182 P value 0.01 &lt;0.001 &lt;0.001 &lt;0.01 Abstract P955 Figure.

scholarly journals Basic values of M-mode echocardiographic parameters of the left ventricle in outbreed Wistar rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 42-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Scheer ◽  
V. Sverakova ◽  
J. Doubek ◽  
K. Janeckova ◽  
I. Uhrikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Left Ventricular Dimension ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Ventricular Dimension

This paper describes the partial results of an echocardiographic study in sixty outbreed Wistar rats. Animals of parity sex ratio were chosen for the experiment. The animals were grown up during the observation period (the minimum weight was 220 g; the maximum weight was 909 g) and were then sequentially anaesthetised (2&ndash;2.5% of isoflurane, 3 l/min O<sub>2</sub>). The second, fourth and fifth examinations were performed under anaesthesia maintained by intramuscular injections with diazepam (2 mg/kg), xylazine (5 mg/kg) and ketamine (35 mg/kg). Transthoracal examination was done using the SonoSite Titan echo system (SonoSite Ltd.) with a microconvex transducer C11 (8&ndash;5 MHz). M-mode (according to the leading-edge method of American Society of Echocardiography) echocardiography data were acquired at the papillary muscle: systolic and diastolic interventricular septum (IVSs, d) and left vetricular posterior wall (LVPWs, d) thickness, systolic and diastolic left ventricular dimension (LVDs, d), aorta (Ao) and left atrium (LA) dimensions. According to standard formulas, the following parameters were obtained: ejection fraction (EF), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), left ventricle end systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricle end diastolic volume (LVEDV), interventricular septum fractional thickening (IVSFT), left ventricular dimension fraction shortening (LVDFS), and left ventricle posterior wall fraction thickening (LVPWFS). In our study we performed 300 examinations both in male and female Wistar rats of various body weights and calculated regression equations to predict expected normal echocardiographic parameters for rats with arbitrary weights. The rats were examined by an echo scan. The first and third examinations were performed during mono-anaesthesia induced by inhalation of isoflurane. Correlations, with one exception (LVDs), were very close, which means that the results of the calculations based on regression equations are very reliable. &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals Valsartan Reduces Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Ovariectomized Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-371
Author(s):  
Hong Ding ◽  
Ning-ying Li ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Pan-pan Zhang ◽  
Jing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Sham Control ◽  
Ovx Rats

Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of valsartan on left ventricular mass, function, and oxidative stress in ovariectomized spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods Twelve-week-old female SHRs were randomly divided into ovariectomy (OVX) control (n = 12), OVX + valsartan (n = 12), sham control (Sham, n = 13), and Sham + valsartan (n = 14) groups. Valsartan (30 mg/kg/day) or double-distilled water was given by oral gavage. After 12 weeks of valsartan or water treatment, left ventricular wall thickness and function, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were assessed. Results There was a significant interaction between ovariectomy and valsartan on interventricular end-diastolic septum thickness (IVSTd), end-systolic interventricular septum thickness (IVSTs), left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness (LVPWTd), and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (P &lt; 0.05). Valsartan treatment in OVX rats decreased IVSTd, IVSTs, LVPWTd, and LVPWTs compared to OVX control (P &lt; 0.05). Compared with Sham + control group, LVESP and ±dP/dt of LV were decreased while LVEDP was increased in OVX + control group (all P &lt; 0.05). After valsartan treatment, LVESP and ±dP/dt of LV were increased and LVEDP was decreased in ovariectomized rats (all P &lt; 0.05). Ovariectomy decreased GSH and SOD levels and increased 8-OHdG levels, which were reversed by valsartan treatment (all P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion Valsartan treatment decreases oxidative stress, reduces LV hypertrophy, and improves cardiac function in overiectomized SHR.

Estimation of regional left ventricular wall stresses in intact canine hearts

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (5) ◽  
pp. H1879-H1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abe DeAnda ◽  
Masashi Komeda ◽  
Marc R. Moon ◽  
G. Randall Green ◽  
Ann F. Bolger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Regional Wall ◽  
Inotropic State ◽  
Lv Systolic Function

Left ventricular (LV) wall stress is an important element in the assessment of LV systolic function; however, a reproducible technique to determine instantaneous local or regional wall stress has not been developed. Fourteen dogs underwent placement of twenty-six myocardial markers into the ventricle and septum. One week later, marker images were obtained using high-speed biplane videofluoroscopy under awake, sedated, atrially paced baseline conditions and after inotropic stimulation (calcium). With a model taking into account LV pressure, regional wall thickness, and meridional and circumferential regional radii of curvature, we computed average midwall stress for each of nine LV sites. Regional end-systolic and maximal LV wall stress were heterogeneous and dependent on latitude (increasing from apex to base, P < 0.001) and specific wall (anterior > lateral and posterior wall stresses; P = 0.002). Multivariate ANOVA demonstrated only a trend ( P = 0.056) toward increased LV stress after calcium infusion; subsequent univariate analysis isolated significant increases in end-systolic LV wall stress with increased inotropic state at all sites except the equatorial regions. The model used in this analysis incorporates local geometric factors and provides a reasonable estimate of regional LV wall stress compared with previous studies. LV wall stress is heterogeneous and dependent on the particular LV site of interest. Variation in wall stress may be caused by anatomic differences and/or extrinsic interactions between LV sites, i.e., influences of the papillary muscles and the interventricular septum.

scholarly journals P717 Isolated left ventricular tamponade in a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension due to chronic thromboembolisms: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O Vinter ◽  
M Trbusic ◽  
M Menegoni
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Pericardial Fluid ◽  
Left Ventricular Cavity ◽  
Pericardial Cavity

Abstract A case presents a 37 years old patient who presented to emergency department with progression of dyspnea. Patient had a history of pulmonary hypertension due to chronic thromboembolism and known, repetitive thrombosis of both legs with both of them postthrombotically altered, especially left leg. During his emergency department workup he had a pulmonary angiography performed which showed evidence of old thromboembolism in right pulmonary main branch and circumferential pericardial effusion which was dominantly locularized behind left ventricular posterior wall. Emergency echocardiography was performed which showed marked respiratory variations in mitral and aortic flow with mid to late diastolic left ventricular collapse. Also left ventricular cavity was severely reduced ( EDD 29 mm) due to prominent interventricular septum (right ventricular pressure overload) and hyperkinetic posterior wall (pericardial effusion). There were no apparent signs of compression of right ventricular chambers. Clinically patient had no pulsus paradoxus and had an RR of 115/70 mmHg. Emergency pericardiocentesis was performed using subxiphoid approach. However, pericardiocentesis setting was challenging because patient also had ample of ascites which made orientation by aspiration impossible. Instead puncture was performed under fluoroscopy while slowly instilling the contrast until contrast was delievered intradiaphragmally. From there needle was advanced 3-4 mm into pericardial cavity and pigtail catheter was placed. A total of 2200 ml of milky pericardial fluid was removed during the following 48 hours (cytology – mixed type; triglycerides 1.9 mmol/L). Patient was initially treated with corticosteroids and colhicin, but had a relapse of pericardial effusion once drainage was stopped so re-pericardiocentesis was performed. This time a total of 7200 ml of pericardial fluid was drained so we opted for pericardial fenestration (into left pleural space). Unfortunately, patient died on the 8th postoperative day due to complications (developed subcutaneous emphysema at the place of insertion of thoracal drainage and developed respiratory, then refractory cardiac arrest).

Spectrum of M-Mode Echocardiographic Abnormalities in 75 Cats With Systemic Hypertension

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary A. Henik ◽  
Rebecca L. Stepien ◽  
Hattie B. Bortnowski
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
Fractional Shortening ◽  
Echocardiographic Findings

A retrospective study was performed in 75 hypertensive cats to determine the spectrum and frequency of M-mode echocardiographic abnormalities. Results indicated that 21.3% of the cats had M-mode measurements within normal reference ranges. For cats with echocardiographic abnormalities, changes were variable. Thirty-nine percent of hypertensive cats had hypertrophy of the interventricular septum in diastole, and 41.3% had hypertrophy of the left ventricular (LV) posterior wall in diastole. One cat in five had a dilated left atrium, while fractional shortening and LV internal dimension in diastole were normal in 82.7% and 86.7% of the cats, respectively. The marked variability of echocardiographic findings in hypertensive cats made echocardiography an unreliable screening test for hypertension.

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