scholarly journals Additive boundary of error probability in a discrete data transmission channel with noise-immune coding and grouping of errors

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Valentin Dzhumkov ◽  
Georgy Maltsev
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Error Probability ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Discrete Data ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Binomial Model ◽  
Transmission Channel ◽  
Bit Error Probability ◽  
Analytical Expressions

Introduction: Data transmission reliability analysis when using noise-immune coding in channels with grouping of errors (in particular, in radio channels with interference and fading of the received signals) is complicated by the need to use discrete data transmission channel models which take into account the error grouping, differing from the traditional binomial model. The complexity of the analytical description of such models leads to the fact that the quality indicators of data transmission over channels with error grouping are usually analyzed by simulation methods, and the development of analytical models of data transmission discrete channels with grouping of errors is one of the modern direction in the noise-immune coding theory development. Purpose: Finding the additive boundary of a bit error probability for data transmission discrete channel with grouping of symbol errors, described by Elliot — Hilbert model. Results: For the case of data transmission using a group noise-immune code, analytical expressions are obtained for calculating the additive boundary of a bit error probability in a discrete data transmission channel with grouping of symbol errors. The obtained expressions take into account the features of data transmission over a channel with error grouping, in particular, the fact that the probabilities of various combinations of the same number of errors are not equal to each other. Examples are presented of calculating a bit error probability for the case of using noise-immune codes which correct errors. It is shown that for any code length, the use of the Elliot — Hilbert model allows you to substantially refine the results of calculating the probabilistic indicators of the reliability of data transmission in channels with error grouping, as compared to the original binomial model. The obtained results are compared to the results of the simulation. Practical relevance: The results can be used in the design and analysis of the characteristics of data transmission systems for various purposes, operating under conditions of error grouping. Using analytical expressions to calculate the probability indicators of the reliability of data transfer allows you to abandon complex simulation modeling of transmitting data in channels with error grouping at the stage of choosing a noise-immune code and its parameters.

scholarly journals Bit Error Rate Closed-Form Expressions for LoRa Systems under Nakagami and Rice Fading Channels

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 4412
Author(s):  
Claudio Ferreira Dias ◽  
Eduardo Rodrigues de Lima ◽  
Gustavo Fraidenraich
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form ◽  
Fading Channels ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Error Probability ◽  
Rician Fading ◽  
Diversity Order ◽  
Bit Error Probability ◽  
Limiting Case ◽  
Analytical Expressions

We derive exact closed-form expressions for Long Range (LoRa) bit error probability and diversity order for channels subject to Nakagami-m, Rayleigh and Rician fading. Analytical expressions are compared with numerical results, showing the accuracy of our proposed exact expressions. In the limiting case of the Nakagami and Rice parameters, our bit error probability expressions specialize into the non-fading case.

scholarly journals Ratio-based multi-level resistive memory cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Lastras-Montaño ◽  
Osvaldo Del Pozo-Zamudio ◽  
Lev Glebsky ◽  
Meiran Zhao ◽  
Huaqiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Error Probability ◽  
Resistance Switching ◽  
Closed Form Expression ◽  
Memory Cells ◽  
Resistive Memory ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Information Encoding ◽  
Bit Error Probability ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Switching Devices

AbstractRatio-based encoding has recently been proposed for single-level resistive memory cells, in which the resistance ratio of a pair of resistance-switching devices, rather than the resistance of a single device (i.e. resistance-based encoding), is used for encoding single-bit information, which significantly reduces the bit error probability. Generalizing this concept for multi-level cells, we propose a ratio-based information encoding mechanism and demonstrate its advantages over the resistance-based encoding for designing multi-level memory systems. We derive a closed-form expression for the bit error probability of ratio-based and resistance-based encodings as a function of the number of levels of the memory cell, the variance of the distribution of the resistive states, and the ON/OFF ratio of the resistive device, from which we prove that for a multi-level memory system using resistance-based encoding with bit error probability x, its corresponding bit error probability using ratio-based encoding will be reduced to $$x^2$$ x 2 at the best case and $$x^{\sqrt{2}}$$ x 2 at the worst case. We experimentally validated these findings on multiple resistance-switching devices and show that, compared to the resistance-based encoding on the same resistive devices, our approach achieves up to 3 orders of magnitude lower bit error probability, or alternatively it could reduce the cell’s programming time and programming energy by up 5–10$$\times$$ × , while achieving the same bit error probability.

The Intellectual Lighting And Data Transmission System based On RGBW Light Emitting Diodes

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Daniil S. Shiryaev ◽  
Olga A. Kozyreva ◽  
Ivan S. Polukhin ◽  
Sergey A. Shcheglov ◽  
Svetlana A. Degtiareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
System Component ◽  
Transmission Channel ◽  
Error Vector Magnitude ◽  
Light Emitting

The system of intellectual lighting data transmission via visible light is developed and manufactured. Spectral characteristics of a downlink which uses the red crystal of a RGBW light emitting diode for data transfer were studied. The DALI protocol-based radiation chromaticity control system which allows us to set different lighting scenarios with constant data transmission rate was developed. The radiation chromaticity range covers almost the entire colour gamut in the colour space. The system of high-frequency matching of system component impedances was developed and frequency characteristics of the suggested scheme were studied for development of the system. Optimal parameters of the signal for visual light communication such as carrier frequency, modulation type and band were determined. Observation of the constellation diagram which represents different values of the complex amplitude of the keyed signal in the form of a complex number on a quadrature plane (cosine and sine components of the carrying signal) and of fixation of the amplitude of the error vector magnitude (EVM) was selected as a method of study of the transmission channel quality. The value of EVM in the visible light transmission channel was significantly lower for signals with amplitude modulation than for phase-manipulated signals. When implementing different lighting change scenarios, radiation of other crystals of the light emitting diode crystals not used for transmission did not lead to increase of EVM by more than one percent.

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