Bacteria Coated by Polyphenols Acquire Potent Oxidant-Scavenging Capacities

2009 ◽  
Vol 234 (8) ◽  
pp. 940-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erez Koren ◽  
Ron Kohen ◽  
Haim Ovadia ◽  
Isaac Ginsburg
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Cationic Polyelectrolytes

Several microbial species, including probiotic lactic acid bacteria, have the ability to irreversibly bind a large variety of polyphenols (flavonoids) and anthocyanidins found in many colored fruits and vegetables and to enhance their total oxidant-scavenging capacities (TOSC). The binding of flavonoids to microbial surfaces was further increased by the cationic polyelectrolytes ligands poly-L-histidine, chlorhexidine and Copaxone®. This phenomenon was confirmed visually, by the FRAP, DPPH, cyclic voltammetry, Folin-Ciocalteu as well as by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence techniques employed to assay TOSC. The possibility is considered that clinically, microbial cells in the oral cavity and in the gastro intestinal tract, complexed with antioxidant polyphenols from nutrients and with cationic ligands, might increase the protection of mammalian cells against damage induced by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species during infections and inflammation.

scholarly journals LACTIC ACID BACTERIA PROBIOTIC OF FISH’S GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT AS WEIGHT AND CHOLESTEROL BOOSTER IN BROILER MEAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astuti Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Biochemical Laboratory ◽  
Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Veterinary Faculty

This research was aimed at fi nding the infl uence of giving isolate probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria (BAL) Streptococcus thermophillus from the fi sh’s gastro-intestinal tract toward the broilers’ appearance including the enhancement of the weight, and the broilers’ cholesterol level. The subjects of the research are 40 roosters of broiler chicken, PT Multi Breeder Adirama at the age of 1 week. The probiotic of isolate treatment of BAL used in this research is Streptococcusthermophillus bacteria in the form of freeze dying from Nutrition Biochemical Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty of UGM. Treatment I was as the control (without BAL); the number of BAL in treatment II is 10 6CFU/ml; the number of BAL in treatment III is 10 CFU/ml; and the number of BAL in treatment IV is 10 CFU/ml. The data recording for the performance was done every week including the weight enhancement. The data collection for cholesterol level enhancement was done at the end of the research. The data which were collected: theweight enhancement, and the broilers’ cholesterol level. The fi nding shows that the treatment of giving lactic acid bacteria of Streptococcus thermophillus caused the broilers’ cholesterol decreased signifi cantly; giving probiotic BAL is not infl uenced toward the performance of growth while the best level of BAL is 108 CFU/ml

scholarly journals Surface-bound reactive oxygen species generating nanozymes for selective antibacterial action

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Gao ◽  
Tianyi Shao ◽  
Yunpeng Yu ◽  
Yujie Xiong ◽  
Lihua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Generate Surface ◽  
Inert Substrate ◽  
Silver Palladium

AbstractActing by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ, nanozymes are promising as antimicrobials. ROS’ intrinsic inability to distinguish bacteria from mammalian cells, however, deprives nanozymes of the selectivity necessary for an ideal antimicrobial. Here we report that nanozymes that generate surface-bound ROS selectively kill bacteria over mammalian cells. This result is robust across three distinct nanozymes that universally generate surface-bound ROS, with an oxidase-like silver-palladium bimetallic alloy nanocage, AgPd0.38, being the lead model. The selectivity is attributable to both the surface-bound nature of ROS these nanozymes generate and an unexpected antidote role of endocytosis. Though surface-bound, the ROS on AgPd0.38 efficiently eliminated antibiotic-resistant bacteria and effectively delayed the onset of bacterial resistance emergence. When used as coating additives, AgPd0.38 enabled an inert substrate to inhibit biofilm formation and suppress infection-related immune responses in mouse models. This work opens an avenue toward biocompatible nanozymes and may have implication in our fight against antimicrobial resistance.

Mutagenicity of PFOA in Mammalian Cells: Role of Mitochondria-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1638-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoping Zhao ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Xiaofei Wang ◽  
Shaopeng Chen ◽  
Ye Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species

Activation of the JAK-STAT pathway by reactive oxygen species

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (6) ◽  
pp. C1640-C1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy R. Simon ◽  
Usha Rai ◽  
Barry L. Fanburg ◽  
Brent H. Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Buthionine Sulfoximine ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Diphenylene Iodonium ◽  
Stat Pathway

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, including the acute respiratory distress syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and Alzheimer’s disease. In mammalian cells, several genes known to be induced during the immediate early response to growth factors, including the protooncogenes c- fos and c- myc, have also been shown to be induced by ROS. We show that members of the STAT family of transcription factors, including STAT1 and STAT3, are activated in fibroblasts and A-431 carcinoma cells in response to H2O2. This activation occurs within 5 min, can be inhibited by antioxidants, and does not require protein synthesis. STAT activation in these cell lines is oxidant specific and does not occur in response to superoxide- or nitric oxide-generating stimuli. Buthionine sulfoximine, which depletes intracellular glutathione, also activates the STAT pathway. Moreover, H2O2stimulates the activity of the known STAT kinases JAK2 and TYK2. Activation of STATs by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is significantly inhibited by N-acetyl-l-cysteine and diphenylene iodonium, indicating that ROS production contributes to STAT activation in response to PDGF. These findings indicate that the JAK-STAT pathway responds to intracellular ROS and that PDGF uses ROS as a second messenger to regulate STAT activation.

scholarly journals New crosstalk between probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yu ◽  
Jian Kong ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Xinyi Gu ◽  
Mingyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Simulated Intestinal Fluid

Abstract It was reported that oral administration of Bacillus favored the growth of Lactobacillus in the intestinal tract. Here, this phenomenon was confirmed by co-cultivation of Bacillus subtilis 168 and Lactobacillus plantarum SDMCC050204-pL157 in vitro. To explain the possible molecular mechanisms, B. subtilis 168 cells were incubated in simulated intestinal fluid at 37 °C for 24 h, and up to 90% of cells autolysed in the presence of bile salts. Addition of the autolysate to medium inoculated with Lb. plantarum SDMCC050204 decreased the concentration of H2O2 in the culture, alleviated DNA damage and increased the survival of Lb. plantarum, as like the results of exogenous heme addition. These results suggested that the autolysate provided heme, which activated the heme-dependent catalase KatA in Lb. plantarum SDMCC050204. HPLC confirmed the presence of heme in the autolysate. Disruption of the Lb. plantarum SDMCC050204 katA gene abolished the protective effect of the B. subtilis 168 autolysate against H2O2 stress. We thus hypothesized that the beneficial effect of Bacillus toward Lactobacillus was established through activation of the heme-dependent catalase and remission of the damage of reactive oxygen species against Lactobacillus. This study raised new crosstalk between the two frequently-used probiotics, highlighting heme-dependent catalase as the key mediator.

scholarly journals Ebsulfur Is a Benzisothiazolone Cytocidal Inhibitor Targeting the Trypanothione Reductase of Trypanosoma brucei

2013 ◽  
Vol 288 (38) ◽  
pp. 27456-27468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Lu ◽  
Suman K. Vodnala ◽  
Anna-Lena Gustavsson ◽  
Tomas N. Gustafsson ◽  
Birger Sjöberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Trypanothione Reductase ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Thiol Redox

Trypanosoma brucei is the causing agent of African trypanosomiasis. These parasites possess a unique thiol redox system required for DNA synthesis and defense against oxidative stress. It includes trypanothione and trypanothione reductase (TryR) instead of the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems of mammalian hosts. Here, we show that the benzisothiazolone compound ebsulfur (EbS), a sulfur analogue of ebselen, is a potent inhibitor of T. brucei growth with a favorable selectivity index over mammalian cells. EbS inhibited the TryR activity and decreased non-protein thiol levels in cultured parasites. The inhibition of TryR by EbS was irreversible and NADPH-dependent. EbS formed a complex with TryR and caused oxidation and inactivation of the enzyme. EbS was more toxic for T. brucei than for Trypanosoma cruzi, probably due to lower levels of TryR and trypanothione in T. brucei. Furthermore, inhibition of TryR produced high intracellular reactive oxygen species. Hydrogen peroxide, known to be constitutively high in T. brucei, enhanced the EbS inhibition of TryR. The elevation of reactive oxygen species production in parasites caused by EbS induced a programmed cell death. Soluble EbS analogues were synthesized and cured T. brucei brucei infection in mice when used together with nifurtimox. Altogether, EbS and EbS analogues disrupt the trypanothione system, hampering the defense against oxidative stress. Thus, EbS is a promising lead for development of drugs against African trypanosomiasis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document