scholarly journals Evaluation of seismic properties of water-saturated soils for solving problems in seismic microzoning

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
B. A. Trifonov ◽  
V. V. Sevostyanov ◽  
S. Yu. Milanovskiy ◽  
V. V. Nesynov
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Seismic Effect ◽  
Saturated Soils ◽  
Seismic Microzoning ◽  
S Waves ◽  
Seismic Properties ◽  
Intensity Increment ◽  
Water Saturated

The experts involved in seismic microzoning (SMZ) have different opinions on whether to take into account the response of water-saturated fine soils upon the assessment of expected seismic effect. When using the method of seismic stiffness (MSS), a number of researchers consider inexpedient to apply the correction for the groundwater level (GWL). In the present paper, we analyze both the results of our own field studies and those of other researchers involved in the development of SMZ methodology. Particular attention is paid to the GWL influence on the increment of seismic intensity (ΔIGWL ) in the S.V. Medvedev’s equation upon MSS calculations by transverse s-waves. The research results provided in this paper prove that the correction for ΔIGWL should not be ignored in calculations of the seismic intensity increment. The authors appear it expedient to continue field tests in the registration of strong movements in water-saturated fine soils.

Comparison Of Field And Laboratory Studies Results Of The Clay Soils Deformability Characteristics

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Saturated Soils ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Water Saturated

Determination of the deformability characteristics of weak water-saturated soils is a complex process. Firstly, it is difficult to preserve the natural structure of the soil sample taken for the study in the laboratory. Secondly, according to the latest studies, in natural occurrence there is a constant pore pressure, which must be taken into account when determining the characteristics of deformability and strength of clay soils. During many years it was established that the compressibility characteristic of soils obtained under laboratory conditions differs sharply from the result of characterization in field conditions. It is proposed to use the characteristics of compressibility and strength of soils obtained in the course of low-cost laboratory studies, compared with the definition of these characteristics in expensive field conditions. The results of the comparison of numerous laboratory and field studies of the properties of weak water-saturated soils of the base of various regions of Russia are presented. On the basis of the data obtained, when studying the characteristics of deformability of weak water-saturated clay soils, it is recommended to use only laboratory methods and not to conduct additional field plate load tests, except in the case of construction of unique structures,

SPECIFICS OF PERFORMING SEISMIC MICROZONING IN THE URBANIZED COASTAL AREA OF GELENDZHIK CITY FOR HIGH-RISE CONSTRUCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 82-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Trifonov ◽  
V. V. Sevost'yanov
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Seismic Load ◽  
Seismic Microzoning ◽  
Good Convergence ◽  
S Waves ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Seismic Impacts

The initial (background) seismicity of the territory of Gelendzhik with the high responsibility buildings projected for construction of (35-storey towers 123 meters high) is equal to 9 points according to the Map of General Seismicity of Russia (OSR-2015(B)) with the period of recurrence of tremors 1 time per 1000 years. The purpose of the study was to obtain the parameters of predictive seismic impacts for the site of the proposed construction taking into account regional seismotectonic and local seismic soil conditions. The influence of ground conditions on the on the seismicity of the research site was estimated when the bedrock in the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, as a rule, lies not deep (several meters) from the surface and overlapping Quaternary sediments are flooded. Based on the result of vertical seismic profiling (VSP), a generalized geoseismic condition for the whole site was given. To determine the seismic intensity increment ΔI by the method of seismic rigidities comparison, the weighted average values of the S-waves velocities and the thickness of the soils up to the boundary of the reference soil were used in the calculations. Based on the obtained geoseismic model (results of engineering-geological and seismic studies), the NERA program calculated the parameters of seismic impacts from the most hazardous zones of origin of seismic foci (ASF) taking into account the initial seismic impacts in the territory of Gelendzhik and the results of seismic microzoning. It was found that the highest values of maximum accelerations at the studied site are caused by foci from the Mikhailovskaya and Gelendhizkskaya ASF zones; and the lower values are expected from outbreaks from the Tyapsinskaya and Akhtyrskaya ASF zones. To calculate the seismic load on the projected structures, it is proposed to use one set of synthesized accelerograms (X, Y, Z) simulating the impact from different PSF zones, which contain the entire set of vibration periods and cover the whole range of maximal velocities dangerous for the studied areas. The analysis obtained data shows good convergence of the seismic microzoning data obtained by the calculation method and seismic rigidity method.

Modeling Competitive Cation Exchange of Aromatic Amines in Water-Saturated Soils

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (13) ◽  
pp. 2727-2733 ◽  
Author(s):  
José R. Fábrega ◽  
Chad T. Jafvert ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Linda S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Aromatic Amines ◽  
Saturated Soils ◽  
Water Saturated

scholarly journals Managing Bees for Delivering Biological Control Agents and Improved Pollination in Berry and Fruit Cultivation

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki M. T. Hokkanen ◽  
Ingeborg Menzler-Hokkanen ◽  
Marja-Leena Lahdenpera
Keyword(s):  
Crop Protection ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Dissemination Activity ◽  
Grey Mold ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Disease Pressure

<p>Targeted precision biocontrol and improved pollination were studied Europe-wide in the EU ERA-NET CORE ORGANIC 2 project BICOPOLL (Biocontrol and Pollination). A case study was conducted on the management of strawberry grey mold <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>, with the biocontrol fungus, <em>Gliocladium catenulatum</em>, vectored by honey bees or bumble bees. A joint field trial carried out in five countries targeted strawberry cultivations in open field, and included four treatments: untreated control, chemical fungicide, entomovectored biocontrol, and chemical and biocontrol combined. In organic fields, no pesticide treatments were included. The proportion of moldy berries, and/or the marketable yield of healthy berries were recorded from each treatment, along with other parameters of local interest. A pilot study was started in Finland in 2006, and, by 2012, large commercial farms were using entomovectoring. In 2012, field trials were started in Estonia and in Italy, and in 2013-14, these experiments were expanded to Slovenia and Turkey. In total, 26 field tests were conducted using entomovectoring and <em>Gliocladium catenulatum</em> (Prestop<sup>®</sup> Mix) on strawberry, with five additional trials on raspberry. Efficacy results have been excellent throughout the field studies. The results show crop protection equalling or exceeding that provided by a full chemical fungicide program, under all weather conditions, and over a wide geographical range (from Finland to Turkey). Under heavy disease pressure, entomovectoring provided on average a 47% disease reduction, which was the same as multiple fungicide sprays. Under light disease pressure, biocontrol decreased grey mold by an average of 66%, which was greater than fungicide sprays. The concept has proven to be effective on strawberries, raspberries, pears, apples, blueberries, cherries, and grapes. A conservative estimate for Finland is that over 500 ha of strawberry cultivation currently use the technique (≈15% of the strawberry growing area). To make full use of the entomovectoring technique, organic berry and fruit growers are encouraged to (i) keep bees, or to hire the service from local beekeepers for entomovectoring; and (ii) manage vegetation within and around the target crop to support the activity of bees and other pollinators, which can help to disseminate the beneficial microbial populations within the crop. Beekeepers are encouraged to (i) market pollination and biocontrol services to fruit and berry growers, and (ii) ensure that all operations are effective in mananging bees and their microbe dissemination activity. Biocontrol product manufacturers are encouraged to further develop products and their formulations specifically for entomovectoring, because current formulations are suboptimal as they are initially optimized for other uses (e.g., mixing into the soil).</p>

scholarly journals EXPERIENCE OF TRANSFORMATION OF WEAK WATER-SATURATED SOILS USING PILES OF FINITE STIFFNESS

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 271-281
Author(s):  
V. V. Sidorov ◽  
Z. G. Ter-Martirosyan ◽  
A. Z. Ter-Martirosyan
Keyword(s):  
Saturated Soils ◽  
Water Saturated

Into the wild: developing field tests to examine the link between elasmobranch personality and laterality

Behaviour ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 153 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 1777-1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan E. Byrnes ◽  
Catarina Vila Pouca ◽  
Sherrie L. Chambers ◽  
Culum Brown
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Animal Personality ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Port Jackson ◽  
The Relationship

The field of animal personality has received considerable attention in past decades, yet few studies have examined personality in the wild. This study investigated docility, a measure of boldness, in two Port Jackson shark (Heterodontus portusjacksoni) populations using field tests, and if laterality differences explained docility levels. We developed a struggle test as an assay for docility, which is particularly amenable to field studies. The struggle test was effective, and repeatable inter-individual docility differences were observed. Sex, but not population, influenced docility scores, with male sharks being less docile than females. This difference is likely due to the contrasting role each sex plays during mating. We also found individualized lateralization. However, no individual-level relationship between lateralization and docility was detected. Despite reported links between laterality and some personality traits, the relationship between laterality and boldness remains inconclusive in sharks. Further studies will prove essential to clarify the mechanisms behind personality traits in vertebrates.

Field Tests of a Wind-Electric Controller for Parallel Stock Water Pumping and Heating

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Morton ◽  
John E. Nydahl
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
State Relay

Many of the improvements in wind-electric stock water pumping systems are attributable to advanced controller strategies and hardware that maximize performance over a range of wind speeds. The cost of the early and more complex controllers was of the order of one quarter of the whole system. Sophisticated yet inexpensive-programmable micro-controllers are now being introduced that enhance both performance and reliability. This study utilized a micro-programmable logic controller (PLC) to place a variable auxiliary load in the form of a stock water heater in parallel with the pump motor. This improves the system’s economic viability on the Northern High Plains by mitigating stock tank freezing to help extend the grazing season. For the variable auxiliary load, the PLC uses long period pulse width modulation to drive a 3-phase solid-state relay. This continuously variable load strategy was designed to both increase the power factor when the pump is operating, and to extract resistive heating power in wind regimes not suitable for operating the pump. This paper reports on the preliminary but encouraging field studies directed toward optimizing the low wind speed water heating performance of this multi-tasking controller when the pump motor is inoperable.

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