Hand-made ware of the north Bactrian burial ground Ksirov

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Burial Ground ◽  
The North

scholarly journals Результаты работ на грунтовом могильнике Максимовка I в лесостепном Поволжье в 2018 г.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-530
Author(s):  
Arkady I. Korolev ◽  
◽  
Vladimir N. Myshkin ◽  
Anton A. Shalapinin
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Metal Ring ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Grave Goods

Introduction. This is a report on the results of archaeological excavations at Maksimovka I, the subterranean burial ground located in the forest-steppe Volga region. The site is unique because it contains burial complexes of different epochs. The purpose of the paper is to introduce the materials found during the 2018 excavations for the attention of the academic community. In particular, the paper focuses on the description and characterization of the archaeological complexes under investigation, and, also, on their cultural-chronological attribution. Data. The cultural layer was not particularly rich but contained fragments of Neolithic, Eneolithic, and Bronze Age ceramics, stone tools, and waste left after stone processing. Three burials were examined in the excavation area. The first burial comprised the skeleton of a deceased person in a supine position; the head oriented to the north-northeast; the grave goods included iron items (a fragment of a boiler and of a bit, rod-shaped items, and a firesteel), grindstones, and flints. The second buried person was found in the seated position, leg bones bent at the knee joint, head oriented to northeast; the finds included a nonferrous metal ring, a bone pendant, a silicon wafer, and tubular beads. The third buried person was also in a seated position, head oriented to the northeast; no grave goods were found in the third burial. Also, two other burial constructions recovered on the site were partially examined. Results. The first burial was attributed to the Golden Horde period in the Middle Ages (the second half of the 13th or the 14th c.). The second burial has a number of parallels to burial complexes of mid-late Eneolithic era of the forest-steppe Volga region. The third burial was left unidentified in terms of its cultural-chronological attribution, granted the non-standard position of the skeletal remains in the grave and the absence of goods. Conclusions. The examination of the subterranean burial ground Maksimovka I has allowed to introduce the archaeological material of different periods, such as Neolithic, Eneolithic, Bronze, and Middle Ages.

scholarly journals The belt buckles of the early Sarmatian period of Turgay

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Abay Meiramovich Seitov
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
The West ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Military Activity ◽  
The Military ◽  
North Western ◽  
Vast Territory

The paper is devoted to belt buckles of the early Sarmatian period of the Turgay steppes. Turgay deflection is a vast territory located in the north-western part of Kazakhstan. In the north, Turgay deflection turns into the west Siberian lowland, and in the south it turns into the Turan lowland. In the west, the bend touches the Trans-Ural plateau, while in the east - the Kazakh hills. Three buckles originating from burial № 5A of mound 1 of the Karatomar burial ground and mound 1 of the Kenysh 3 mound group are analyzed. The paper deals with the cultural and chronological position of Turgay belt buckles in the context of the distribution of such products of the belt headset on the territory of Eurasia. The problem of the origin and chronology of these items is also touched upon. Buckles similar to the Karatomar one have so far been found only on the territory from Central Asia and Kazakhstan to the Lower Volga region. Kenysh buckle finds an analogy from the Volga-Don interfluves to the north of China. In General, types of buckles, similar to Turgay, existed in the II-I centuries BC. The studied buckles should be considered in the context of the general fashion for wearing a belt headset made of metal, bone and stone, associated with the military activity of the Huns.

scholarly journals THE TERRITORY OF THE CENTRAL SCYTHIA (FROM SOLOKHA TO CHORTOMLYK)

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Boltryk ◽  
V. M. Okatenko ◽  
G. M. Toscev
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Marmara Sea ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
The Village

This article is devoted to the extensive description of the environment of the two largest settlement structures of the Eastern European steppes — the Kapuliv and Kamyanka which date V—III centuries BC. These two powerful settlements appeared on the opposite banks near the ancient crossings through the Dnipro. They formed the main core of the Scythian state, in which Kapuliv served as the capital and Kamyanka was its economic partner. Intense life here has arisen from the time of Ariapet’s rule to the life of the descendants of King Ateus. The Scythians chose the best place in the Pontic steppe, where in the zone of floodplain meadows and forests there were numerous straits with lakes surrounded by magnificent pastures. Therefore, along with these two main settlements, on the banks and partly in the floodplain, there were many settlements of the second order. The importance of this zone is emphasized by the accumulation of kurhans and graveyards placed almost symmetrically on different shores. In the immediate surrounding of the settlements there are almost equal in importance burial mounds of the ordinary population. Among them are the burial ground near the village Kut, the Nikopol mound field and the burial ground of Mamay-Gora. The last one is the largest in the Eastern Europe in terms of the number of excavated burials. This graveyard is unique due to five large kurhans, located in one line: three long kurhans and two round in plan. It is possible that there was a general Scythian cult center. Further from the Dnipro there were burial memorials of representatives of the higher social stage, among which were the largest burial mounds of Scythia — Solokha and Chortomlyk. There is a noteworthy mound alley (1.6 km long), which retreated to the west of the Solokha kurhan and turned slightly to the north, where it probably connected with a part of another smaller kurhan alley. Not far from a smaller alley there was the recently opened manufacturing settlement Sorokina Balka. The time of its existence (all IV BC) is recorded by the findings of the coins of the cities of the North Pontus, the Marmara Sea and Macedonia.

scholarly journals Обзор исследований археологического памятника Ноин-Ула (Северная Монголия)

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Y.I. Elikhina
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
The North ◽  
Complete Bibliography

In the article, the author examines and analyzes in detail the publications devoted to the study of the archaeological site Noin-Ula, located in the North of Mongolia. With the discovery of this burial ground began archaeology of the Xiongnu, one of the ancient peoples who roamed throughout Central Asia from late 3rd century BC to late 1st century AD. Fragments of ancient Chinese and Parthian fabrics, embroidery, lacquered, bronze, iron and other items have been preserved in the elite mounds of Noin-Ula. The article summarizes the results of almost a century of study of the archaeological site, provides the most complete bibliography. В статье автор подробно рассматривает и анализирует публикации, посвященные изучению археологического памятника Ноин-Ула, расположенного на севере Монголии. С открытия этого могильника началась археология хунну, одного из древних народов, кочевавших на территории Центральной Азии с конца III в. до н. э. и до конца I в. н. э. В элитных курганах Ноин-Улы сохранились фрагменты древних китайских и парфянских тканей, вышивок, лакированных, бронзовых, железных и других изделий. В статье подводятся итоги почти столетнего изучения археологического памятника, приведена наиболее полная библиография.

Yet Another Inquiry into the Trustworthiness of Eighteenth-Century Bills of Mortality: the Newcastle and Gateshead Bills, 1736–1840

2014 ◽  
pp. 58-72
Author(s):  
Graham Butler
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Vital Registration ◽  
Religious Dissent ◽  
The North ◽  
East End ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Town

This note is a preliminary analysis of the Newcastle and Gateshead Bills of Mortality, a hitherto unused source for understanding some of the most significant aspects of vital registration and burial practices in the North East's capital, c. 1736–1840. The Bills are annual totals of the number of burials and baptisms which took place in all of the ancient Anglican parishes in Newcastle and Gateshead. One of the most lucid aspects of the Bills is that they recorded the number of burials which took place in the 'infamous' un-consecrated burial ground of Ballast Hills located on the outskirts of the east-end of the town. Attention here is given to the initial accuracy of the Bills by focusing upon All Saints parish in Newcastle which accounted for approximately 50 per cent of the town's total population over the entire period. Here the data revealed in the Bills are compared directly with the burials which were registered by the parish clerk in All Saints. The major finding of this preliminary study is the huge discrepancy between the number of reported burials and the number of baptisms which took place in All Saints over time. The Bills also provide a fully documented account of the impact of Ballast Hills and the apparent “export in corpses” which was clearly taking place on a large scale. By the 1770s–1790s, this one burial ground alone, was consuming roughly 60–70 per cent of the town's dead population. The reasons behind this phenomenon are discussed by looking specifically at the possible impact of religious dissent, burial costs and burial space in the town. The note concludes that while this preliminary analysis is revealing, more work needs to be done which would involve a fuller analysis of all of the parishes recorded in the Bills as well as looking more closely at the registration of baptisms, stillbirths and the heavy “traffic in corpses” which was clearly a major defect of vital registration in Georgian Newcastle.

Princely Burial of the Hellenistic Period in the Mezmay Burial-Ground (North-Western Caucasus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-337
Author(s):  
Valentina I. Mordvintseva ◽  
Nikolai F. Shevchenko ◽  
Yuri P. Zaïtsev
Keyword(s):  
Large Range ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
North Western

Abstract In 2004 a previously unknown burial-ground consisting of flat graves was discovered by grave-robbers on the northern slopes of the Central Caucasus range at a height of 800 metres above sea-level near the settlement of Mezmay in the Apsheronsk District of the Krasnodar region. In 2005 the first rescue excavations were undertaken. Among the assemblages so far investigated, the most interesting has been Grave No. 3, in which a warrior of aristocratic descent and high social rank had been laid to rest. Apart from the deceased warrior, there were also horse burials in this funerary complex and a large range of grave goods, the number and quality of which make the complex unique, not only for the Northern Caucasus but also for the whole North Pontic region. Two bronze helmets were found in it for example, iron chain-mail, swords, spear-heads, short spears and arrows, a battle-axe, bronze, glass and pottery vessels, gold jewellery, a bronze mirror, an iron tripod bearing zoomorphic depictions and many other artefacts. The preliminary date which has been assigned to the burial ranges from the late 3rd to the early 2nd century BC, while the necropolis itself is considered as belonging to the Late Hellenistic and Early Roman eras. It is not possible to identify unequivocally the culture with which the Mezmay necropolis is linked, but it can for the time being be classified as linked to the range of Maeotian antiquities of the North-western Caucasus. Apart from Burial No. 3, bronze and iron helmets from the spoil heaps of the grave-robbers’ excavations are also published in this article.

Communities of the dead

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Harding
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Burial Site ◽  
North West ◽  
Sacred Landscapes ◽  
The North ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Burial Grounds

Burial monuments of the Neolithic and Bronze Age, individual or in cemeteries, were often located in topographically prominent positions, or in zones of concentration that might qualify as ‘sacred landscapes’. In the Iron Age by contrast it is not obvious what governed the choice of location for cemeteries and smaller burial grounds, whether they were sited in relationship to settlement or whether there were traditional locations dedicated to burial. For some of the eastern Yorkshire square-ditched barrow cemeteries Bevan (1999: 137–8) considered proximity to water may have been a factor. Dent (1982: 450) stressed the siting of Arras type barrows and cemeteries adjacent to linear boundaries and trackways, a factor that is very apparent in the linear spread at Wetwang Slack. Though we may distinguish burials that are integrated into settlements from those that are segregated into cemeteries, therefore, there is no implication that cemeteries were remote from settlements. In fact, the contrary is often demonstrably the case. There is some evidence that small cemeteries or burial grounds were located immediately beyond the enclosure earthworks of hillforts. At Maiden Castle, Dorset (Fig. 3.1; Wheeler, 1943), the picture is prejudiced by the dominance of the ‘war cemetery’ in the eastern entrance, but the reality is that there had been a burial ground just outside the ramparts well before the conquest. A possible parallel is Battlesbury, where Mrs Cunnington (1924: 373) recorded the discovery of human skeletons from time to time in a chalk quarry just outside the north-west entrance to the camp. Some of these were contracted inhumations, and apparently included one instance of an adult and child buried together. The attribution of a ‘war cemetery’ (Pugh and Crittall, 1957: 118 evidently refers to this external burial site, which should be distinguished from the burials excavated more than a century earlier by William Cunnington within the hillfort at its north-west end (Colt Hoare, 1812: 69). Iron Age inhumations were also found, just within the rampart circuit, at Grimthorpe in Yorkshire (Mortimer, 1905: 150–2; Stead, 1968: 166–73). One of these was the well-known warrior burial, found in 1868.

Remarks on royal statues in the form of the god Osiris from Deir el-Bahari

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-389
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Szafrański
Keyword(s):  
Burial Ground ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Reconstruction Project ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Third Intermediate Period ◽  
North And South

This article recapitulates information available, and mostly not published yet, on the statues in the form of the god Osiris from the Upper (Coronation) and Lower Porticoes of the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari. This includes the North and South Colossi, both of which were recently restored in a pilot reconstruction project undertaken by the Polish team, revising a missed restoration attempt by earlier excavators. Other examples include a sandstone painted statue of Amenhotep I, from Asasif, in the form of the mummiform figure of the god Osiris, which was also reconstructed, a fragmentary sandstone statue of Amenhotep III in the form of Osiris, as well as two fragments of statues of Osiris from the Third Intermediate Period burial ground discovered in the area of the temple of Hatshepsut.

scholarly journals D. T. BEREZOVETS AND NETAILIVKA BURIAL GROUND OF SALTIV CULTURE: DISCOVERY, MODERN RESEARCHES, RESULTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-353
Author(s):  
V. S. Aksonov
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Bulgarian Population ◽  
Made In

Peculiarity of the Netailivka burial ground, noted by its discoverer D. T. Berezovets, is the total predominance of burials where the bones of the buried people are completely absent. At the same time the burials often contain grave goods located in the places when the bodies of the deceased should have been lied. This fact allowed D. T. Berezovets to suppose that initially the burial was performed on the surface of the earth where the body was exposed to natural factors and only after that it was re-buried into a pit. However, the researches of recent years show that burials were made in full accordance with the funeral rite of the Proto-Bulgarian population of the Saltiv culture. The absence of human remains in most of the burial pits should be associated with the specific hydrological conditions prevailing at the site of the necropolis in the post-Saltiv period. In a number of burials of the burial ground the later activity in the burial pits, associated with ritual actions performed in ancient times, were recorded. These actions testify the existence of the so-called «final ceremony» among the Netailivka people, the holding of which meant the end of mourning for the deceased person and made the death of a relative complete and final for the living. The study of the chronological markers of the site made it possible to attribute the time of the burial ground to the stage of the formation of the Saltiv culture in the region and to date the earliest burials of the necropolis to the 740—790 AD. The set of decorations and brooches from early burials shows that the original area of the migration of this population was the North-Eastern Caucasus (the territory of modern Chechnya and Dagestan). The location of the horse remains in the burials of the horsemen indicates the mixed Turkic-Ugric character of the population, which was part of the tribal union of the «Bulgars». The date of the burial ground and the probable area of residence of the population which made it, allows us to identify the «Netailivka» people with the representatives of the nomadic Bulgar union known from literary sources as «Sabirs / Savirs»

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