Prevention of suicidal behavior

More than 800 000 people die every year from suicide, and about 20 times more attempt suicide. In most countries, suicide risk is highest in older males, and risk of attempted suicide is highest in younger females. The higher lethal level of suicidal acts in males is explained by the preference for more lethal methods, as well as other factors. In the vast majority of cases, suicidal behavior occurs in the context of psychiatric disorders, depression being the most important one. Improving the treatment of depression, restricting access to lethal means, and avoiding the Werther effect (imitation suicide) are central aspects of suicide prevention programs. In several European regions, the four-level intervention concept of the European Alliance Against Depression (www.EAAD.net), simultaneously targeting depression and suicidal behavior, has been found to have preventive effects on suicidal behavior. It has already been implemented in more than 100 regions in Europe.

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Media Guidelines on the Reporting of Suicide

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910.27.2.82 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 82-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 120

Author(s):

Jane Pirkis ◽

R. Warwick Blood ◽

Annette Beautrais ◽

Philip Burgess ◽

Jaelea Skehan

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Strong Evidence ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Dissemination Strategy ◽

Suicide Rates ◽

Werther Effect ◽

The Media ◽

Are There Unique Features of Suicide in Adults of Different Ages and Developmental Stages?

OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying ◽

10.2190/ltpu-c68q-w9k9-30au ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 337-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

David Lester

Keyword(s):

Suicide Prevention ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Psychiatric Treatment ◽

The Elderly ◽

Educational Programs ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Treatment Of Depression ◽

Organic Brain ◽

Suicide Prevention Programs

Differences between the suicidal behavior of younger adults and the elderly are reviewed, and their implications for suicide prevention efforts examined. Elderly suicides use more lethal methods, are more often diagnosed with affective disorder and organic brain syndrome, and have experienced less recent stress than younger adults. It is concluded that psychiatric treatment of depression and restricting access to lethal methods for suicide are more useful tactics for suicide prevention programs in the elderly, and that crisis counseling from suicide prevention centers and educational programs are more useful in younger adults.

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Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa pada Klien Skizofrenia dengan Risiko Bunuh Diri

Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa ◽

10.26714/jkj.8.2.2020.211-216 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 211

Author(s):

Itsnaini Wahyu Puspita ◽

Erna Erawati

Keyword(s):

Nursing Care ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Suicide Ideation ◽

Field Research ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Verbal Responses ◽

Suicide Threats ◽

The Right

Kesehatan mental merupakan sektor penting dalam mewujudkan kesehatan manusia secara menyeluruh. Berbagai solusi dapat dilakukan seseorang ketika muncul stressor, salah satunya bunuh diri. Beberapa orang menganggap bunuh diri adalah solusi yang tepat untuk menyelesaikan masalah. Bunuh diri merupakan tindakan yang secara sadar dilakukan oleh seseorang untuk mengakhiri kehidupannnya. Salah satu seseorang yang mempunyai resiko untuk melakukan bunuh diri adalah pasien skizofrenia. Perilaku bunuh diri terdiri dari tiga tingkatan yaitu ide/isyarat bunuh diri, ancaman bunuh diri, dan percobaan bunuh diri. Tujuan penelitian menggambarkan pengelolaan asuhan keperawatan skizofrenia dengan fokus studi risiko bunuh diri. Penelitian ini termasuk field research (penelitian lapangan) dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, langkah-langkah yang dilakukan peneliti dalam penelitian ini yaitu wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, dan reduksi data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian asuhan keperawatan pada klien skizofrenia dengan risiko bunuh diri menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan adanya intervensi dari perawat sesuai dengan respon verbal dan non verbal klien. Kata kunci: asuhan keperawatan, klien skizofrenia, risiko bunuh diri NURSING CARE FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA CLIENTS WITH RISK OF SELF-RISK ABSTRACTMental health is an important sector in realizing overall human health. Various solutions can be done when someone appears stressor, one of them suicide. Some people consider suicide to be the right solution to solve a problem. Suicide is an act that is consciously carried out by someone to end his life. One person at risk for suicide is a schizophrenic patient. Suicidal behavior consists of three levels, namely suicide ideation / cues, suicide threats, and attempted suicide. The aim of the study is to describe the management of schizophrenia nursing care with a focus on suicide risk studies. This research includes field research using a descriptive qualitative approach, the steps taken by researchers in this study are interviews, observation, documentation, and data reduction. The results of this study indicate that the provision of nursing care to schizophrenic clients with suicide risk shows a significant result of the intervention of the nurse in accordance with the client's verbal and non verbal responses. Keywords: nursing care, schizophrenia clients, suicide risk

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Losing the battle: perceived status loss and contemplated or attempted suicide in older adults

10.31234/osf.io/keh4w ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandre Dombrovski ◽

Elizabeth N. Aslinger ◽

Aidan G.C. Wright ◽

Katalin Szanto

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Subjective Experience ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Suicide Attempters ◽

Financial Difficulties ◽

Comparison Groups ◽

History Of ◽

Objective Indicators

Objective: While loss of socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked to suicidal behavior, it is unclear whether this experience is merely a downstream effect of psychopathology (“downward drift”), a sign of hardship, or an independent psychological contributor to suicide risk. We examined the association between the subjective experience of status loss and suicidal behavior and ideation in old age, while accounting for potential confounders. We were also interested in whether status loss was associated with mere thoughts of suicide vs. suicidal behavior.Methods: Fifty older (55+) depressed suicide attempters, 29 depressed suicide ideators with no history of attempted suicide, 38 non-suicidal depressed participants and 45 non-psychiatric controls underwent detailed clinical characterization and reported their current and highest lifetime SES.Results: Suicide attempters were more likely to report a decline in their SES compared to healthy controls and non-suicidal depressed older adults, while not differing from suicide ideators. This difference was not explained by objective predictors of SES, including education, financial difficulties, and the presence of addiction. Interestingly, while the current SES of suicide attempters was much lower than that of comparison groups, their reported highest lifetime SES was just as high, despite the differences in education.Conclusion: In older adults, the experience of status loss is associated with contemplated and attempted suicide even after accounting for objective indicators of social status and psychopathology. It is possible that suicidal individuals retrospectively inflate their previous status, making their current standing appear even worse by comparison.

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Emergency Department Admission and Mortality Rate for Suicidal Behavior

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000282 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 406-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Raimondo Maria Pavarin ◽

Angelo Fioritti ◽

Francesca Fontana ◽

Silvia Marani ◽

Alessandra Paparelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Metropolitan Area ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Illicit Drugs ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Cox Model ◽

Emergency Department Admission ◽

Completed Suicide

Background: The international literature reports that for every completed suicide there are between 8 and 22 visits to an Emergency Department (ED) for attempted suicide/suicidal behavior. Aims: To describe the characteristics of admission to emergency departments (EDs) for suicide-related presenting complaints in the metropolitan area of Bologna; to estimate the risk for all-cause mortality and for suicide; to identify the profiles of subjects most at risk. Method: Follow-up of patients admitted to the EDs of the metropolitan area of Bologna between January 2004 and December 2010 for attempted suicide. A Cox model was used to evaluate the association between sociodemographic variables and the general mortality risk. Results: We identified 505 cases of attempted suicide, which were more frequent for female subjects, over the weekend, and at night (8:00 p.m./8:00 a.m.). The most used suicide methods were psychotropic drugs, sharp or blunt objects, and jumping from high places. In this cohort, 3.6% of subjects completed suicide (4.5% of males vs. 2.9% of females), 2.3% within 1 year of the start of follow-up. The most common causes of death were drug use and hanging. In the multivariate analysis, those who used illicit drugs 24 hr prior to admission to the ED (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.46, 95% CI = 1.23–9.73) and patients who refused the treatment (HR = 6.74, 95% CI = 1.86–24.40) showed an increased mortality risk for suicide. Conclusion: Deliberate self-harm patients presenting to the ED who refuse treatment represent a specific target group for setting up dedicated prevention schemes.

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Perceptions of a Peer Suicide Prevention Program by Inmates and Professionals Working in Prisons

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000172 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 289-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Laurent Auzoult ◽

Sid Abdellaoui

Keyword(s):

Suicide Prevention ◽

Prevention Program ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Traditional Approach ◽

Prevention Programs ◽

New Methods ◽

Penal Institutions ◽

Peer Suicide ◽

Suicide Prevention Programs ◽

Methods Of Suicide

Background: Suicide prevention is a major challenge for penal institutions in many countries. The traditional approach relies on the expertise of health professionals and is supplemented by the intervention of other professionals and the inmates themselves. New methods of suicide prevention based on peer support have been developed in recent years. Peer prevention programs rely on the ability of inmates to identify suicide risk. Aims: This study examines perceived suicide risk among inmates and explores possible explanations. Method: 54 inmates and 17 professionals working in prisons responded to a questionnaire. Results: The peer prevention program was found to change inmates’ expectations of support in the event of a suicide crisis. The study also found that the inmates involved in the program tended to underestimate the risk of suicide. The perception of the prevention program and the level of self-consciousness were found to account for the underestimation of suicide risk. Conclusions: Support for inmates involved in suicide prevention programs must take into account their isolation in prison. The training provided to inmates must also consider the biases affecting the assessment of risk.

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Outreach Psychiatric Emergency Service

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000651 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 375-382

Author(s):

Remco F. P. de Winter ◽

Mirjam C. Hazewinkel ◽

Roland van de Sande ◽

Derek P. de Beurs ◽

Marieke H. de Groot

Keyword(s):

General Practitioner ◽

General Hospital ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Emergency Service ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Emergency Services ◽

Psychiatric Emergency ◽

Psychiatric Emergency Services ◽

Psychiatric Emergency Service ◽

Suicidal Patients

Abstract. Background: Outreach psychiatric emergency services play an important role in all stages of a suicidal crisis; however, empirical assessment data are scarce. This study describes characteristics of patients assessed by these services and involved in suicidal crises. Method: During a 5-year period, detailed information from psychiatric emergency service assessments was recorded; 14,705 assessments were included. Characteristics of patients with/without suicidal behavior and with/without suicide attempts were compared. Outcomes were adjusted for clustering of features within individual patients. Results: Suicidal behavior was assessed in 32.2% of patients, of whom 9.2% attempted suicide. Suicidal behavior was most commonly associated with depression or adjustment disorder and these patients were referred to the service by a general practitioner or a general hospital, whereas those who attempted suicide were less likely to be referred by a general practitioner. Those who attempted suicide were more likely to be female and have had a referral by a general hospital. Self-poisoning by medication was the most common method of attempting suicide. Limitations: Bias could be due to missed or incomplete assessments. Primary diagnoses were based on clinical observation at the time of the assessment or on the primary diagnosis previously recorded. In addition, suicidal behavior or attempted suicide might have been underestimated. Conclusions: Suicidal behavior is commonplace in assessments by psychiatric emergency services. Suicidal patients with/without a suicide attempt differed with respect to demographic features, primary diagnoses, and referring entities, but not with respect to treatment policy. About 40% of the suicidal patients with/without an attempt were admitted following assessment.

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Suicidal Behavior in Four Ethnic Groups in The Hague, 2002–2004

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910.30.2.63 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 63-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Irene Burger ◽

Albert M. van Hemert ◽

Willem J. Schudel ◽

Barend J.C. Middelkoop

Keyword(s):

Suicide Attempt ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Emergency Service ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Specific Rate ◽

Completed Suicide ◽

The Hague ◽

Psychiatric Department

Background: Suicidal behavior is a severe public health problem. Aims: To determine the rates of attempted and completed suicide among ethnic groups in The Hague, The Netherlands (2002–2004). Methods: By analyzing data on attempted and completed suicide (from the psychiatric department of general medical hospitals; the psychiatric emergency service and the municipal coroners). Results: Turkish and Surinamese females aged 15–24 years were at highest risk for attempted suicide (age-specific rate 545 / 100,000 and 421 / 100,000 person-years, respectively). Both rates were significantly higher than in the same age group of Dutch females (246 / 100,000 person-years). Turkish (2%) and Surinamese (7%) had lower repeat suicide-attempt rates than did Dutch (16%) females aged 15–24. Significantly lower suicide-attempt rates were found for Surinamese than for Dutch females aged 35–54 years. Differences were not explained by socioeconomic living conditions. The ratio fatal/nonfatal events was 4.5 times higher in males than in females and varied across age, gender, and ethnicity strata. Completed suicide was rare among migrant females. No completed suicides were observed in the Turkish and Surinamese females aged 15–24 years. Conclusions: The study demonstrates a high risk of attempted suicide and a low risk of completed suicide among young Turkish and Surinamese females.

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Perceptions of Adjunctive Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy to Prevent Suicidal Behavior Among High Suicide-Risk Outpatient Participants

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000519 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 451-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Megan S. Chesin ◽

Beth S. Brodsky ◽

Brandon Beeler ◽

Christopher A. Benjamin-Phillips ◽

Ida Taghavi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Therapy ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Group Treatment ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Treatment Engagement ◽

Suicidal Thinking ◽

Prevention Interventions ◽

Risk Patients

Abstract. Background: Few investigations of patient perceptions of suicide prevention interventions exist, limiting our understanding of the processes and components of treatment that may be engaging and effective for high suicide-risk patients. Aims: Building on promising quantitative data that showed that adjunct mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to prevent suicidal behavior (MBCT-S) reduced suicidal thinking and depression among high suicide-risk patients, we subjected MBCT-S to qualitative inspection by patient participants. Method: Data were provided by 15 patients who completed MBCT-S during a focus group and/or via a survey. Qualitative data were coded using thematic analysis. Themes were summarized using descriptive analysis. Results: Most patients viewed the intervention as acceptable and feasible. Patients attributed MBCT-S treatment engagement and clinical improvement to improved emotion regulation. A minority of patients indicated that factors related to the group treatment modality were helpful. A small percentage of patients found that aspects of the treatment increased emotional distress and triggered suicidal thinking. These experiences, however, were described as fleeting and were not linked to suicidal behavior. Limitations: The sample size was small. Conclusion: Information gathered from this study may assist in refining MBCT-S and treatments to prevent suicidal behavior among high suicide-risk patients generally.

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Incidence of Completed and Attempted Suicide in Trabzon, Turkey

Crisis ◽

10.1027//0227-5910.23.1.3 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 3-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mustafa Bilici ◽

Mehmet Bekaroğlu ◽

Çiçek Hocaoğlu ◽

Serhat Gürp&inodot;nar ◽

Cengiz Soylu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suicide Risk ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Medical Center ◽

Study Data ◽

Public Prosecutor ◽

Suicide Method ◽

Hospital Data ◽

State Institute ◽

The Public ◽

Completed Suicide

Summary: Objective: Studies of completed and attempted suicide in Turkey are based on data of State Institute of Statistics (SIS) and emergency clinics of the large hospitals. This study seeks (1) to find, independent of the SIS and hospital data, the annual incidences of completed and attempted suicide in Trabzon, Turkey; (2) to examine the associated factors between the incidence of completed and attempted suicide. Method: The data are derived by using a method specially designed for this study. Data sources include emergency clinics in all hospitals, village clinics, the Forensic Medical Center of Trabzon, the Governorship of Trabzon, “mukhtars” (local village representatives) of neighborhoods, the Office of the Public Prosecutor of Trabzon, the Police Headquarters and Gendarmerie, and the local press organs. Results: The incidences of completed and attempted suicide per 100,000 inhabitants turned out to be 2.60 and 31.5, respectively, whereas the SIS reported the incidence of completed suicide to be 1.11 per 100,000 inhabitants in Trabzon in 1995. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that SIS data are inadequate for suicide research in Turkey. Our findings show that the risk of completed and attempted suicide is high in young, unmarried, and unemployed persons, and that these groups must be carefully evaluated for suicide risk. The study highlights the need for culture-specific research on suicidal behavior in Turkey.

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