scholarly journals A detailed 2840 year record of explosive volcanism in a shallow ice core from Dome A, East Antarctica

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (207) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Jiang ◽  
Jihong Cole-Dai ◽  
Yuansheng Li ◽  
Dave G. Ferris ◽  
Hongmei Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Explosive Volcanism ◽  
East Antarctica ◽  
Dome A ◽  
Time Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Ice Core Records

AbstractA detailed history of volcanism covering the last 2840 years is reconstructed from the top 100.42 m of a 109.91 m ice core from Dome A (DA2005 ice core), East Antarctica. Using two known volcanic stratigraphic markers, the mean accumulation rate during the period AD 1260-1964 is found to be 23.2 mmw.e. a-1, consistent with the previously reported accumulation rate at Dome A. This mean accumulation rate is used to date the entire core. Volcanic eruptions in the period 840 BC-AD1998 are detected as outstanding sulphate events. Seventy-eight eruptions are identified, with a mean of 2.7 eruptions per century. Comparisons with previous Antarctic ice-core volcanic records are made to assess the quality of this new DA2005 record. In terms of dates for volcanic events, the DA2005 record is in good agreement with previous records in the second millennium ad (ad 1000-1998). A series of volcanic signatures found in both the DA2005 record and several other Antarctic ice-core records in the first millennium ad (ad 1-1000) appear to validate the DA2005 record during this time period. For the older periods, direct comparisons are difficult between the DA2005 record and other Antarctic ice-core records due to the lack of well-dated stratigraphic horizons.

A continuous 250-year record of volcanic activity from Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Zhang ◽  
Z.Q. Li ◽  
C.D. Xiao ◽  
D.H. Qin ◽  
H.A. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
East Antarctica ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
High Accumulation

A 51.85 m ice core collected from site LGB65 (accumulation rate 127 kg m−2 a−1, mean annual temperature −33.1°C) in Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica, during the 1996–97 Chinese First Antarctic Inland Expedition has been analysed for chemical composition and oxygen isotope ratio. Based on the high definition of seasonal variations of major ions, the ice core was dated with errors within ± 3 years. The continuous sulphate analysis of the ice core provides an annually resolved proxy history of southern hemisphere volcanism in the past 250 years. High nssSO42−, concentrations seem to be well correlated to some explosive volcanic eruptions, such as Tambora (AD 1815), Coseguina (AD 1835), Krakatoa (AD 1883) and Tarawera (AD 1886). In comparison with other volcanic records, it seems that nssSO42− concentration data provide a better proxy for detecting volcanic activity than nssSO42− fluxes in low and intermediate accumulation regions, however, in high accumulation regions, small and moderate events may be more identifiable using of nssSO42− flux data.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of recent climate change in Alaska from the Aurora Peak ice core, central Alaska

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tsushima ◽  
S. Matoba ◽  
T. Shiraiwa ◽  
S. Okamoto ◽  
H. Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Storm Activity ◽  
Alaska Range ◽  
Recent Climate

Abstract. A 180.17 m ice core was drilled at Aurora Peak in the central part of the Alaska Range, Alaska, in 2008 to allow reconstruction of centennial-scale climate change in the northern North Pacific. The 10 m depth temperature in the borehole was −2.2 °C, which corresponded to the annual mean air temperature at the drilling site. In this ice core, there were many melt–refreeze layers due to high temperature and/or strong insolation during summer seasons. We analyzed stable hydrogen isotopes (δD) and chemical species in the ice core. The ice core age was determined by annual counts of δD and seasonal cycles of Na+, and we used reference horizons of tritium peaks in 1963 and 1964, major volcanic eruptions of Mount Spurr in 1992 and Mount Katmai in 1912, and a large forest fire in 2004 as age controls. Here, we show that the chronology of the Aurora Peak ice core from 95.61 m to the top corresponds to the period from 1900 to the summer season of 2008, with a dating error of ± 3 years. We estimated that the mean accumulation rate from 1997 to 2007 (except for 2004) was 2.04 m w.eq. yr-1. Our results suggest that temporal variations in δD and annual accumulation rates are strongly related to shifts in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation index (PDOI). The remarkable increase in annual precipitation since the 1970s has likely been the result of enhanced storm activity associated with shifts in the PDOI during winter in the Gulf of Alaska.

scholarly journals A 2700-year annual timescale and accumulation history for an ice core from Roosevelt Island, West Antarctica

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Winstrup ◽  
Paul Vallelonga ◽  
Helle A. Kjær ◽  
Tyler J. Fudge ◽  
James E. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Atmospheric Methane ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
West Antarctica ◽  
Ross Ice Shelf ◽  
Accumulation History

Abstract. We present a 2700-year annually resolved timescale for the Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) ice core, and reconstruct a past snow accumulation history for the coastal sector of the Ross Ice Shelf in West Antarctica. The timescale was constructed by identifying annual layers in multiple ice-core impurity records, employing both manual and automated counting approaches, and constitutes the top part of the Roosevelt Island Ice Core Chronology 2017 (RICE17). The maritime setting of Roosevelt Island results in high sulfate influx from sea salts and marine biogenic emissions, which prohibits a routine detection of volcanic eruptions in the ice-core records. This led to the use of non-traditional chronological techniques for validating the timescale: RICE was synchronized to the WAIS Divide ice core, on the WD2014 timescale, using volcanic attribution based on direct measurements of ice-core acidity, as well as records of globally-synchronous, centennial-scale variability in atmospheric methane concentrations. The RICE accumulation history suggests stable values of 0.25 m water equivalent (w.e.) per year until around 1260 CE. Uncertainties in the correction for ice flow thinning of annual layers with depth do not allow a firm conclusion about long-term trends in accumulation rates during this early period but from 1260 CE to the present, accumulation rate trends have been consistently negative. The decrease in accumulation rates has been increasingly rapid over the last centuries, with the decrease since 1950 CE being more than 7 times greater than the average over the last 300 years. The current accumulation rate of 0.22 ± 0.06 m w.e. yr−1 (average since 1950 CE, ±1σ) is 1.49 standard deviations (86th percentile) below the mean of 50-year average accumulation rates observed over the last 2700 years.

Tephra in the Greenland Ice cores: Insights into Icelandic volcano-climate impacts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imogen Gabriel ◽  
Gill Plunkett ◽  
Peter Abbott ◽  
Bergrún Óladóttir ◽  
Joseph McConnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Geochemical Analysis ◽  
Volcanic Events ◽  
Societal Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ice Core Records

<p>Volcanic eruptions are considered as one of the primary natural drivers for changes in the global climate system and understanding the impact of past eruptions on the climate is integral to adopt appropriate responses towards future volcanic eruptions.</p><p>The Greenland ice core records are dominated by Icelandic eruptions, with several volcanic systems (Katla, Hekla, Bárðarbunga-Veiðivötn and Grimsvötn) being highly active throughout the Holocene. A notable period of increased Icelandic volcanic activity occurred between 500-1250 AD and coincided with climatic changes in the North Atlantic region which may have facilitated the Viking settlement of Greenland and Iceland. However, a number of these volcanic events are poorly constrained (duration and magnitude). Consequently, the Greenland ice cores offer the opportunity to reliably reconstruct past Icelandic volcanism (duration, magnitude and frequency) due to their high-resolution, the proximity of Iceland to Greenland and subsequent increased likelihood of volcanic fallout deposits (tephra particles and sulphur aerosols) being preserved. However, both the high frequency of eruptions between 500-1250 AD and the geochemical similarity of Iceland’s volcanic centres present challenges in making the required robust geochemical correlations between the source volcano and the ice core records and ultimately reliably assessing the climatic-societal impacts of these eruptions.</p><p>To address this, we use two Greenland ice core records (TUNU2013 and B19) and undertake geochemical analysis on tephra from the volcanic events in the selected time window which have been detected and sampled using novel techniques (insoluble particle peaks and sulphur acidity peaks). Further geochemical analysis of proximal material enables robust correlations to be made between the events in the ice core records and their volcanic centres. The high-resolution of these polar archives provides a precise age for the event and when utilised alongside other proxies (i.e. sulphur aerosols), both the duration and magnitude of these eruptions can be constrained, and the climatic-societal impacts of these eruptions reliably assessed.</p>

scholarly journals Antarctic Anion Glaciochemistry (Abstract only)

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Michael M. Herron
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Scale Height ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽  
Marine Aerosol ◽  
Major Anions

Snow and ice-core samples from a number of sites in Antarctica and Greenland have been analyzed for the major anions Cl−, NO3 −, and SO4 2- by ion chromatography. Reproducibility on adjacent core or pit samples is ±10% at the 95% confidence level. Chloride is of marine origin except following some major volcanic eruptions. Chloride concentrations decrease exponentially with increasing site elevation with a scale height of about 1.5 km. For sites of comparable elevation, Antarctic Cl− concentrations are only slightly higher than in Greenland. Sulfate concentrations, corrected for the marine aerosol contribution, show an inverse dependence on snow accumulation rate. For sites of comparable accumulation rate, Greenland concentrations exceed those in Antarctica by a factor of 2 to 3. Nitrate concentrations also decrease with increasing accumulation rate and for comparable sites Greenland NO3 − concentrations are a factor of 2 higher than in Antarctica. There is no evidence of solar modulation or supernova perturbation of Greenland NO3 − concentrations. The Byrd deep core is shown to have distinct seasonal variations in Cl− and SO4 2- that may be used for dating. In addition, the Byrd core contains volcanic signals similar to those found in Greenland. Recent Greenland snow contains about 4 times as much SO4 2- and 2 to 3 times as much NO3 − as is found in older ice due to modern fossil fuel combustion.

scholarly journals Geometry, motion and mass balance of Dyer Plateau, Antarctica

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (142) ◽  
pp. 510-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Raymond ◽  
Bruce Weertman ◽  
Lonnie Thompson ◽  
Ellen Mosley-Thompson ◽  
David Peel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Vertical Velocity ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Past History ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Equivalent Thickness ◽  
Annual Layer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Mass ◽  
Mass Increase

AbstractGeodetic surveying and ground-based radar profiling were used to determine geometry and surface motion of the ice sheet on the Dyer Plateau, Antarctica, in the vicinity of an ice-core site on a local dome. Vertical strain measurements in the core hole constrain the depth profile of vertical velocity. These geophysical measurements are used to analyze the profiles of density and annual layer thickness measured on the ice core to estimate the current mass balance of the ice column and the past history of accumulation rate. Consideration of horizontal and vertical mass-flow divergence shows that the profiles of density and vertical velocity are not fully consistent with steady state. Mean density of the firn layer appears to be increasing, which leads to the deduction of a small rate of mass increase (≈ 0.02 m a− 1ice-equivalent thickness). Over the last 200a there has been a gradual increase in accumulation rate from about 0.46 m a− 1to 0.54 m a− 1ice-equivalent thickness in recent time.

scholarly journals Antarctic Anion Glaciochemistry (Abstract only)

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 354-354
Author(s):  
Michael M. Herron
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Scale Height ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽  
Marine Aerosol ◽  
Major Anions

Snow and ice-core samples from a number of sites in Antarctica and Greenland have been analyzed for the major anions Cl−, NO3−, and SO42- by ion chromatography. Reproducibility on adjacent core or pit samples is ±10% at the 95% confidence level. Chloride is of marine origin except following some major volcanic eruptions. Chloride concentrations decrease exponentially with increasing site elevation with a scale height of about 1.5 km. For sites of comparable elevation, Antarctic Cl− concentrations are only slightly higher than in Greenland. Sulfate concentrations, corrected for the marine aerosol contribution, show an inverse dependence on snow accumulation rate. For sites of comparable accumulation rate, Greenland concentrations exceed those in Antarctica by a factor of 2 to 3. Nitrate concentrations also decrease with increasing accumulation rate and for comparable sites Greenland NO3− concentrations are a factor of 2 higher than in Antarctica. There is no evidence of solar modulation or supernova perturbation of Greenland NO3− concentrations. The Byrd deep core is shown to have distinct seasonal variations in Cl− and SO42- that may be used for dating. In addition, the Byrd core contains volcanic signals similar to those found in Greenland. Recent Greenland snow contains about 4 times as much SO42- and 2 to 3 times as much NO3− as is found in older ice due to modern fossil fuel combustion.

Spatial patterns of multi-centennial temperature trend in Antarctica over 0-1000 CE: insights from ice core records and modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Lyu ◽  
Hugues Goosse ◽  
Quentin Dalaiden
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Temperature Trend ◽  
East Antarctica ◽  
West Antarctica ◽  
Amundsen Sea ◽  
Ice Core Records

<p>Recent Antarctic surface climate change has been characterized by greater warming trends in West Antarctica than in East Antarctica. Although the changes over recent decades are well studied, the short instrumental record limits our ability to determine if such asymmetric patterns are common for Antarctica and the processes at their origin. Here, we will focus on the years 0-1000 CE as some ice core records display very contrasted trends during this period. Furthermore, the climate models are unable to reproduce the warming displayed in some reconstructions from 1 to 500 CE over East Antarctica. In order to understand the origin of these apparent incompatibilities and investigate the effect of proxy selection on regional reconstructions over 0-1000 CE, we performed several offline data assimilation experiments based on different groups of d<sup>18</sup>O records and the isotope-enabled general circulation models (iCESM). When assimilating different d18O data sets, large differences appear in the pattern of temperature trend over 0-500 CE, but the patterns over 500-1000 CE are more consistent among the various experiments. This implies that the spatial pattern of temperature trend over 0-500 CE is still uncertain because of this high sensitivity on the choice of the proxies to constrain the model results, while the pattern over 500-1000 is more robust, with the greater cooling over West Antarctica than East Antarctica. This pattern over 500-1000 CE relates to the intensifying of the low pressure centered in the Amundsen Sea, which induces enhanced southerly flow through most of WAIS.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document