scholarly journals Trend and Variability Analysis of Rainfall and Temperature Trends in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwadare Akinyemi
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Positive Slope ◽  
Precipitation Concentration Index ◽  
Variability Analysis ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACT Rainfall and temperature are the most important physical parameters that influence climate. This paper examines the trend and variability of rainfall and temperature of Ilorin township in Nigeria between2010- 2018, using standard statistical descriptors. Rainfall had an increasing trend (positive slope value of 5.30), moderate precipitation concentration index of 12.15 percent and extremely high degree of variability with a coefficient of variation ranging between 33.54 percent and 155.73 percent. Temperature also had a slight warming or increasing trend (positive slope value of 0.012) with minimal degree of variability of coefficient of variation between 5.49 percent and 7.31 percent. The oscillating structure of both rainfall and temperature anomalies further confirm yearly fluctuations as well as change in the distribution and characteristics. It is recommended that government and non-government agencies should formulate plans and policies that will accommodate changes in rainfall and temperature patterns to successfully manage the environment.

scholarly journals Trend and Variability Analysis of Rainfall and Extreme Temperatures in Burundi

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-51
Author(s):  
Marc Niyongendako ◽  
Agnidé Emmanuel Lawin ◽  
Célestin Manirakiza ◽  
Batablinlè Lamboni
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Rainfall Trend ◽  
Precipitation Concentration Index ◽  
Variability Analysis ◽  
Rainfall Season ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Slope Estimator

This study investigated the variability and trend of rainfall and extreme temperatures over three eastern and northeastern regions of Burundi during the period 1980-2015. Data used were collected from seven stations belonging to the geographical institute of Burundi. Annual and seasonal variability are assessed using standardized anomaly, coefficient of variance and precipitation concentration index. In addition, non parametric statistic tests Mann Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator are used to detect trends in rainfall, maximum and minimum temperatures. The results reveal a high monthly and inter-annual variability of rainfall whereas the temperature does not show high fluctuation at monthly scale. The northern region presents the lowest amount of rainfall for the first rainfall season (October-January) when drought is frequently observed. No significant rainfall trend detected over all regions at seasonal and annual scales whereas significant increasing trend was observed for both maximum and minimum temperatures over all regions. The spatial distribution of rainfall and extreme temperatures displays also a wide variation across the region depending on topography of the study area.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of concentration and aggressiveness of precipitation in North-East of Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanene Bessaklia ◽  
Abderrahmane Nekkache Ghenim ◽  
Abdessalam Megnounif ◽  
Javier Martin-Vide
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Index ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Precipitation Concentration Index ◽  
Precipitation Concentration ◽  
North East ◽  
Mk Test ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Extreme North

AbstractIn this study, the spatial variation of daily and monthly concentration precipitation index and its aggressiveness were used in 23 rainfall stations in the extreme north-east of Algeria over the period 1970–2010. The trend was analysed by the Mann–Kendall (MK) test. The results show that daily precipitation concentration index (CI) values are noticeably higher in places where the amount of total precipitation is low, the results of MK test show that areas of high precipitation concentration tend to increase. The seasonality and aggressiveness of precipitation are high in the eastern and western parts of the study region (eastern and central coastal of Constantine catchments), whereas a moderately seasonal distribution with low aggressiveness is found in the middle of the study area (plains and central Seybouse catchment). As a result, the modified Fournier index (MFI) has a significant correlation with annual precipitation, whereas the CI and monthly precipitation concentration index (PCI) show an opposite correlation in relation to annual precipitation.

Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller Design for a Nonlinear Inverted Pendulum with Unknown Physical Parameters and its Experiment

2011 ◽  
Vol 128-129 ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Qing He ◽  
Jin Kun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Inverted Pendulum ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Adaptive Sliding Mode Control ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Adaptive Sliding Mode ◽  
Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller ◽  
Adaptive Law ◽  
System Robustness ◽  
High Degree

In this paper, an adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC) method for a single inverted pendulum (IP) is proposed. The physical parameters are transformed into the model information, thus adaptive law for the IP can be designed with unknown physical parameters. By simulation and experiments, we found that the ASMC method can keep the IP in the upright position, with quick parameters adjustment and high degree of system robustness.

Precipitation concentration index management by adaptive neuro-fuzzy methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalibor Petković ◽  
Milan Gocic ◽  
Slavisa Trajkovic ◽  
Miloš Milovančević ◽  
Dragoljub Šević
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Index ◽  
Precipitation Concentration Index ◽  
Precipitation Concentration ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy

scholarly journals IMMUNOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF VACCINE VIRUS

1936 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Parker ◽  
Thomas M. Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Agglutination Reaction ◽  
Test Antigen ◽  
End Point ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Infectious Unit

Methods have been described by which the number of elementary bodies present in a suspension can be estimated. It has been shown that by means of replicate counts, in which the Petroff-Hausser chamber was used, a high degree of accuracy can be attained. By means of the Gates densitometer, the number of elementary bodies in a suspension can be determined with a coefficient of variation of about 3.0 per cent. A method has been described by which the accuracy of estimation of the infectious titer of a suspension can be increased without greatly enlarging the number of animals employed. This consists of selecting as the end-point that dilution of virus which on intradermal inoculation in a rabbit would lead theoretically to an equal number of positive and negative results. The statistical advantages of this method have been confirmed by the experiences of other laboratories. By the application of the methods described, there was shown to be a direct correlation between the number of elementary bodies and the number of infectious units of virus present in a given suspension. At the mean of the distribution this ratio is as the logarithms 9.62 to 8.0. To extrapolate this curve, in order to determine the number of elementary bodies present in a single infectious unit, while tempting, is probably not justifiable. It must likewise be remembered that the data given apply to a particular strain of vaccine virus, and that the number of infectious units has been determined by intradermal inoculation of rabbits. It appears also that this method may be of value in studies of the virulence of different strains of vaccine virus, since by its application one may determine not only the infectious liter of a suspension, but its content of elementary bodies. In the agglutination reaction it was found that optimum titers of serum were obtained when the test antigen contained from 2.0 x 109 to 1.05 x 1010 elementary bodies per cc. Approximately 1.95 x 108 particles per cc. of suspension were required for the production of visible agglutination.

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