scholarly journals Acid-base balance in the regulation of tumor growth: value for the clinicians

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
A.A. Bogdanov ◽  
An.A. Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
Low Ph ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Tumor Ph ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Resistance To Chemotherapy ◽  
Invasive Measurement

Tumor acidosis affects every stage of cancer development, from dysplasia to full-blown metastatic disease. Survival strategies of malignant cells in an acidic microenvironment and pH gradient inversion promote resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy, and suppress the antitumor immune response. It is necessary to consider the low pH of the microenvironment both when diagnosing and when choosing the most optimal treatment regimen. The development of methods for non-invasive measurement of tumor pH, methods for direct and indirect correction of acidosis, new pH-activated and pH-targeted drugs is required. In this work, we consider some aspects related to the altered acid-base state of the tumor, which may be significant for the clinician.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF THE VENOUS BLOOD ACID-BASE BALANCE AND RELATIONSHIP BLOOD PH VS TUMOR IN LARYNGEAL CANCER PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Kashirin ◽  
O. V. Khorolets ◽  
S. I. Andreev ◽  
A. A. Mikheev
Keyword(s):  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Tumor Ph ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Group 2

Abstract The characteristic for most solid tumors cells is the intracellular alkalinization and acidification of the extracellular milieu and this pH gradient inversion (pHe < pHi) is associated with tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, aggressiveness, and treatment resistance. However is there tumor pH (pHi and/or pHe) changes affect on venous blood plasma pH? Purpose of the study. The venous blood acid-base balance before and after the combined treatment, correlation of the venous blood pH indicators (pHb), relationship neoplasm and blood pH in patients with laryngeal cancer was study. Material and methods. Studies were performed in patients with laryngeal cancer categories T2–3 N0 M0 before and after the combined treatment. The patients were divided into four groups: Group 1 – 25 patients before the start of treatment; Group 2 – 21 patients (from Group 1) after completion of the combined treatment; Group 3 – 14 patients from Group 2 with positive results of treatment and Group 4 – 7 patients from Group 2 with a negative result of treatment (recurrence and/or metastasis of the neoplasm). The control group consisted of 15 practically healthy people (Group C). Examination of venous blood acid-base balance of patients, tumor pH and tumor cells pHi and pHe was carried. Results and discussion. The increase in pCO2 and HCO – concentration will result in decrease in the pH, but if these indicators have a clear correlation in the control group, then in patients groups there was a correlation for pHb & pCO2 and pO2 only. Besides, we marked increase in pCO2, HCO –, K+, while pO decreased in pHb after the combined treatment. It is necessary to point out the differences between some benchmarks and indicators of acid-base balance in the plasma of venous blood in primary patients and patients with recurrent laryngeal cancer. So, if pHb, pO2, and Cl– patients have statistically significant differences from control data, then differences with control pCO2 values are characteristic only for patients of Groups 1 and 3. On the contrary, differences in the HCO – indices are characteristic only for patients of Group 4. There are statistically significant differences from the control indicators K+, Na+, Ca2+, Glu, Lac, mOsm in patients of the first group and Cl– and Lac of patients in the third group. Among the indicators in the third and fourth groups of patients, statistically significant differences were noted in the values of pHb, HCO – and Glu.In patients of groups 1 and 4, the determination of pHt and the calculation of pHi, pHe revealed decrease in pHt and pHe with increasing pHi in patients with recurrence of the neoplasm.The final stage of the study was to determine the relationship (and not correlation) of blood pH and laryngeal tumors and the relationship was noted in the «pHb-tumor» system in primary patients, but in patients in 3 and 4 Groups, that «pHb-tumor» connection is rather contradictory. Conclusion. Acid-base balance indicators obviously cannot be considered as unconditional markers of carcinogenesis, but their monitoring and, in particular, venous blood pH, of patients after special treatment, can help determine the risk group of patients who may develop of a malignant neoplasm recurrence. Keywords: acid-base balance, laryngeal cancer, se, prognosis.

scholarly journals Expression patterns of two Carbonic anhydrase genes, Na+/K+-ATPase and V-type H+-ATPase in the freshwater crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, under different pH

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yousuf Ali ◽  
Ana Pavasovic ◽  
Peter B Mather ◽  
Peter J Prentis
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Ph Conditions

Osmoregulation and systemic acid-base balance in decapod crustaceans are largely controlled by a set of transport-related enzymes including carbonic anhydrase (CA), Na + /K + -ATPase (NKA) and V-type- H + -ATPase (HAT). Variable pH levels and changes in osmotic pressure can have a significant impact on the physiology and behaviour of crustaceans. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms via which an animal can maintain its internal pH balance and regulate the movement of ions into and out of its cells. Here, we examined expression patterns of the cytoplasmic (CAc) and membrane-associated form (CAg) of CA, NKA α subunit and HAT subunit a in gills of the freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. Expression levels of the genes were measured at three pH levels, pH 6.2, 7.2 (control) and 8.2 over a 24 hour period. All genes showed significant differences in expression levels, either among pH treatments or over time. Expression levels of CAc were significantly increased at low pH and decreased at high pH conditions 24 h after transfer to these treatments. Expression increased in low pH after 12 h, and reached their maximum level by 24 h. The membrane-associated form CAg showed changes in expression levels more quickly than CAc. Expression increased for CAg at 6 h post transfer at both low and high pH conditions, but expression remained elevated only at low pH (6.2) at the end of the experiment. Expression of CqNKA significantly increased at 6 h after transfer to pH 6.2 and remained elevated up to 24 h. Expression for HAT and NKA showed similar patterns, where expression significantly increased 6 h post transfer to the low pH conditions and remained significantly elevated throughout the experiment. The only difference in expression between the two genes was that HAT expression decreased significantly 24 h post transfer to high pH conditions. Overall, our data suggest that CAc, CAg, NKA and HAT gene expression is induced at low pH conditions in freshwater crayfish. Further research should examine the physiological underpinnings of these changes in expression to better understand systemic acid/base balance in freshwater crayfish.

scholarly journals Expression patterns of two Carbonic anhydrase genes, Na+/K+-ATPase and V-type H+-ATPase in the freshwater crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, under different pH

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yousuf Ali ◽  
Ana Pavasovic ◽  
Peter B Mather ◽  
Peter J Prentis
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Ph Conditions

Osmoregulation and systemic acid-base balance in decapod crustaceans are largely controlled by a set of transport-related enzymes including carbonic anhydrase (CA), Na + /K + -ATPase (NKA) and V-type- H + -ATPase (HAT). Variable pH levels and changes in osmotic pressure can have a significant impact on the physiology and behaviour of crustaceans. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms via which an animal can maintain its internal pH balance and regulate the movement of ions into and out of its cells. Here, we examined expression patterns of the cytoplasmic (CAc) and membrane-associated form (CAg) of CA, NKA α subunit and HAT subunit a in gills of the freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. Expression levels of the genes were measured at three pH levels, pH 6.2, 7.2 (control) and 8.2 over a 24 hour period. All genes showed significant differences in expression levels, either among pH treatments or over time. Expression levels of CAc were significantly increased at low pH and decreased at high pH conditions 24 h after transfer to these treatments. Expression increased in low pH after 12 h, and reached their maximum level by 24 h. The membrane-associated form CAg showed changes in expression levels more quickly than CAc. Expression increased for CAg at 6 h post transfer at both low and high pH conditions, but expression remained elevated only at low pH (6.2) at the end of the experiment. Expression of CqNKA significantly increased at 6 h after transfer to pH 6.2 and remained elevated up to 24 h. Expression for HAT and NKA showed similar patterns, where expression significantly increased 6 h post transfer to the low pH conditions and remained significantly elevated throughout the experiment. The only difference in expression between the two genes was that HAT expression decreased significantly 24 h post transfer to high pH conditions. Overall, our data suggest that CAc, CAg, NKA and HAT gene expression is induced at low pH conditions in freshwater crayfish. Further research should examine the physiological underpinnings of these changes in expression to better understand systemic acid/base balance in freshwater crayfish.

AQUATIC AND SEMIAQUATIC HEMIPTERA OF PEATLANDS AND MARSHES IN CANADA

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (S140) ◽  
pp. 65-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G.E. Scudder
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Physiological Study ◽  
Ionic Regulation ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Internal Milieu ◽  
Physiological Limits ◽  
Base Balance

AbstractThirteen families containing 138 species of aquatic and semiaquatic Hemiptera have so far been recorded from Canada. The identification of these presents few real difficulties and so the general occurrence of the taxa across the country is fairly well known. Although there has been no intensive study of the Hemipterous insects in peatlands and marshes, the 61 species so far reported from marshes, 32 from fens, and the 33 from bogs appear to be facultative rather than obligatory inhabitants of these habitats. All have been found in other habitats and probably most lentic species occur in marsh habitats. All aquatic and semiaquatic bugs are predators, and most overwinter as adults. Environmental–physiological study of species occurring in bogs has just begun, but evidence suggests that many species have the ability to regulate their internal milieu in water with pH below 4.6–4.7. However, further experiments are needed to determine the physiological limits of tolerance of these insects, the details of osmotic and ionic regulation, and acid–base balance in low-pH water. More collecting is needed in bogs, fens, and marshes, and the life cycle and biology of the Hemiptera occurring in peat-lands still require intensive study.

Higher Dietary Acidity is Associated with Lower Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Iranian Women, Independent of Dietary Calcium Intake

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 0206-0217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh-Elaheh Shariati-Bafghi ◽  
Elaheh Nosrat-Mirshekarlou ◽  
Mohsen Karamati ◽  
Bahram Rashidkhani
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Dietary Calcium Intake ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Dietary Acid

Findings of studies on the link between dietary acid-base balance and bone mass are relatively mixed. We examined the association between dietary acid-base balance and bone mineral density (BMD) in a sample of Iranian women, hypothesizing that a higher dietary acidity would be inversely associated with BMD, even when dietary calcium intake is adequate. In this cross-sectional study, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs of 151 postmenopausal women aged 50 - 85 years were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Renal net acid excretion (RNAE), an estimate of acid-base balance, was then calculated indirectly from the diet using the formulae of Remer (based on dietary intakes of protein, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium; RNAERemer) and Frassetto (based on dietary intakes of protein and potassium; RNAEFrassetto), and was energy adjusted by the residual method. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable adjusted means of the lumbar spine BMD of women in the highest tertiles of RNAERemer and RNAEFrassetto were significantly lower than those in the lowest tertiles (for RNAERemer: mean difference -0.084 g/cm2; P=0.007 and for RNAEFrassetto: mean difference - 0.088 g/cm2; P=0.004). Similar results were observed in a subgroup analysis of subjects with dietary calcium intake of >800 mg/day. In conclusion, a higher RNAE (i. e. more dietary acidity), which is associated with greater intake of acid-generating foods and lower intake of alkali-generating foods, may be involved in deteriorating the bone health of postmenopausal Iranian women, even in the context of adequate dietary calcium intake.

The Effect of Long-term Topiramate Treatment on Acid-base Balance in Children with Epilepsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
김지용 ◽  
남상욱 ◽  
김영미 ◽  
이윤진 ◽  
이훈상 ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document