Effects of Nitrite Exposure on Acid–Base Balance, Respiratory Protein, and Ion Concentrations of Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii at Low pH

1997 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-C. Chen ◽  
Y. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Giant Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Respiratory Protein ◽  
Base Balance

scholarly journals Expression patterns of two Carbonic anhydrase genes, Na+/K+-ATPase and V-type H+-ATPase in the freshwater crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, under different pH

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yousuf Ali ◽  
Ana Pavasovic ◽  
Peter B Mather ◽  
Peter J Prentis
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Ph Conditions

Osmoregulation and systemic acid-base balance in decapod crustaceans are largely controlled by a set of transport-related enzymes including carbonic anhydrase (CA), Na + /K + -ATPase (NKA) and V-type- H + -ATPase (HAT). Variable pH levels and changes in osmotic pressure can have a significant impact on the physiology and behaviour of crustaceans. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms via which an animal can maintain its internal pH balance and regulate the movement of ions into and out of its cells. Here, we examined expression patterns of the cytoplasmic (CAc) and membrane-associated form (CAg) of CA, NKA α subunit and HAT subunit a in gills of the freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. Expression levels of the genes were measured at three pH levels, pH 6.2, 7.2 (control) and 8.2 over a 24 hour period. All genes showed significant differences in expression levels, either among pH treatments or over time. Expression levels of CAc were significantly increased at low pH and decreased at high pH conditions 24 h after transfer to these treatments. Expression increased in low pH after 12 h, and reached their maximum level by 24 h. The membrane-associated form CAg showed changes in expression levels more quickly than CAc. Expression increased for CAg at 6 h post transfer at both low and high pH conditions, but expression remained elevated only at low pH (6.2) at the end of the experiment. Expression of CqNKA significantly increased at 6 h after transfer to pH 6.2 and remained elevated up to 24 h. Expression for HAT and NKA showed similar patterns, where expression significantly increased 6 h post transfer to the low pH conditions and remained significantly elevated throughout the experiment. The only difference in expression between the two genes was that HAT expression decreased significantly 24 h post transfer to high pH conditions. Overall, our data suggest that CAc, CAg, NKA and HAT gene expression is induced at low pH conditions in freshwater crayfish. Further research should examine the physiological underpinnings of these changes in expression to better understand systemic acid/base balance in freshwater crayfish.

Cl−, K+, and acid–base balance in rainbow trout during exposure to, and recovery from, sublethal environmental acidification

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Booth ◽  
G. F. Jansz ◽  
G. F. Holeton
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Intracellular Space ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Base Balance

A review of pertinent literature is provided. Previous research showed that fish exposed to sublethal environmental acidification have reduced blood pH, plasma [HCO3−], and [Cl−] and increased plasma [K+]. Simultaneous sampling from blood and water was used to characterize changes in Cl−, K+, and acid–base regulation in rainbow trout during a 5-day exposure to pH 4 followed by a 24-h recovery period at pH 7. At pH 4, there was a continuous loss of Cl− (49.8 μmol/kg per hour), and K+ (23.0 μmol/kg per hour) to the water. Blood ion concentrations did not change in a corresponding manner. Blood pH and plasma [HCO3−] decreased continuously owing to a net uptake of acid from the water. Recovery at pH 7 involved uptake of Cl− from, and loss of K+ to, the water. Plasma [K+] returned to normal but there was no significant change in plasma [Cl−] during this 24-h period. Internal acid–base parameters recovered much more quickly owing to a net excretion of acid into the water. The more rapid recovery of acid–base balance suggests that branchial acid–base and ionoregulatory mechanisms may be only loosely linked. The irregular changes in blood ion concentrations indicate that considerable ionic and osmotic exchanges between the plasma, the remainder of the extracellular space, and the intracellular space must result from exposure to pH 4.

Effects of Diphosphonate and Colchicine Administration upon Acid–Base Changes Induced in Rats by Bilateral Nephrectomy

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailsa Goulding ◽  
M. F. Broom
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Bilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Base Balance

1. The effects of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) and colchicine on acid-base balance were examined in intact and nephrectomized rats. 2. Both drugs increased extracellular hydrogen ion concentrations and depressed extracellular bicarbonate concentrations in nephrectomized rats compared with controls but did not alter these parameters in intact animals. 3. Intracellular hydrogen ion concentrations in the skeletal muscle of nephrectomized rats given EHDP were higher than those of control animals. 4. It is postulated that colchicine and EHDP inhibit skeletal buffering of non-volatile acids produced endogenously in nephrectomized rats.

scholarly journals Acid-base balance in the regulation of tumor growth: value for the clinicians

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
A.A. Bogdanov ◽  
An.A. Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
Low Ph ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Tumor Ph ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Resistance To Chemotherapy ◽  
Invasive Measurement

Tumor acidosis affects every stage of cancer development, from dysplasia to full-blown metastatic disease. Survival strategies of malignant cells in an acidic microenvironment and pH gradient inversion promote resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy, and suppress the antitumor immune response. It is necessary to consider the low pH of the microenvironment both when diagnosing and when choosing the most optimal treatment regimen. The development of methods for non-invasive measurement of tumor pH, methods for direct and indirect correction of acidosis, new pH-activated and pH-targeted drugs is required. In this work, we consider some aspects related to the altered acid-base state of the tumor, which may be significant for the clinician.

scholarly journals Expression patterns of two Carbonic anhydrase genes, Na+/K+-ATPase and V-type H+-ATPase in the freshwater crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, under different pH

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yousuf Ali ◽  
Ana Pavasovic ◽  
Peter B Mather ◽  
Peter J Prentis
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Ph Conditions

Osmoregulation and systemic acid-base balance in decapod crustaceans are largely controlled by a set of transport-related enzymes including carbonic anhydrase (CA), Na + /K + -ATPase (NKA) and V-type- H + -ATPase (HAT). Variable pH levels and changes in osmotic pressure can have a significant impact on the physiology and behaviour of crustaceans. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms via which an animal can maintain its internal pH balance and regulate the movement of ions into and out of its cells. Here, we examined expression patterns of the cytoplasmic (CAc) and membrane-associated form (CAg) of CA, NKA α subunit and HAT subunit a in gills of the freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. Expression levels of the genes were measured at three pH levels, pH 6.2, 7.2 (control) and 8.2 over a 24 hour period. All genes showed significant differences in expression levels, either among pH treatments or over time. Expression levels of CAc were significantly increased at low pH and decreased at high pH conditions 24 h after transfer to these treatments. Expression increased in low pH after 12 h, and reached their maximum level by 24 h. The membrane-associated form CAg showed changes in expression levels more quickly than CAc. Expression increased for CAg at 6 h post transfer at both low and high pH conditions, but expression remained elevated only at low pH (6.2) at the end of the experiment. Expression of CqNKA significantly increased at 6 h after transfer to pH 6.2 and remained elevated up to 24 h. Expression for HAT and NKA showed similar patterns, where expression significantly increased 6 h post transfer to the low pH conditions and remained significantly elevated throughout the experiment. The only difference in expression between the two genes was that HAT expression decreased significantly 24 h post transfer to high pH conditions. Overall, our data suggest that CAc, CAg, NKA and HAT gene expression is induced at low pH conditions in freshwater crayfish. Further research should examine the physiological underpinnings of these changes in expression to better understand systemic acid/base balance in freshwater crayfish.

scholarly journals Low pH Water Impairs the Tactile Sense of the Postlarvae of the Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Gunzo Kawamura ◽  
◽  
Teodora Bagarinao ◽  
Kian Yong Annita Seok ◽  
Siti Narasidah Noor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Tactile Sense ◽  
Giant Freshwater Prawn
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