Das tue ich nicht, weil es nicht Pflicht ist. Das Argument der Supererogation und sein Unanständigkeitsproblem

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-104
Author(s):  
Marie-Luise Raters
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Applied Ethics ◽  
Double Effect ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Anglo American

Most arguments of Applied Ethics (e.g.slippery slope argument, argument of double effect) are well analyzed. An exception is the argument 'I do not do this because it is not my duty'. It makes sense to call the argument the 'argument of supererogation' (ASE): Since J. Urmson's essay Saints and Heroes of 1958, those actions are called 'supererogations' which (despite of their moral value) are not supposed to be duties. The argument is widely used not only in Applied Ethics, but also in ordinary moral everyday life. Nevertheless, there is a need of investigation because it has an indecency-problem. The argument is convincing if an actor does not want to risk his life. It seems indecent, however, if an actor refuses a simple favor or a service of friendship with the 'argument of super-erogation', although they both constitute no duties. This paper reconstructs the 'argument of supererogation' as a syllogism. It analyzes its formal structure by benefitting from current Anglo-American literature on supererogation. The overall aim of this paper is to solve the problem of indecency.

To-Day and To-Morrow, Literature, and Modernism

2019 ◽  
pp. 287-336
Author(s):  
Max Saunders
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Modernist Literature ◽  
Modern Music ◽  
English Novel ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Future ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
John Middleton Murry ◽  
Major Section

This chapter investigates the two-way traffic between To-Day and To-Morrow and modern literature and the arts. The preliminary section considers three outstanding volumes: Scheherazade; or, The Future of the English Novel (1927) by ‘John Carruthers’; Geoffrey West’s Deucalion; or, The Future of Literary Criticism (1930), which contrasts John Middleton Murry with I. A. Richards; and John Rodker’s The Future of Futurism (1926), which discusses Anglo-American literature. It argues that the series’ largely undervalues modernism, and barely attends to the visual arts or to modern music. It surveys the volumes dealing with English, poetry, drama, music, and censorship. The major section is devoted to other ways in which the series is relevant to modern and modernist literature, looking at how other writers responded to it. It turns out the series was followed by a surprising number of important literary figures. The key case studies here are Robert Graves, Aldous Huxley, Joyce, Eliot, Lewis; and Waugh.

Paranoid Psychoses

1968 ◽  
Vol 114 (510) ◽  
pp. 553-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Retterstöl
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Schizophrenic Reaction ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Insidious Development ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Process Schizophrenia ◽  
American Authors ◽  
Chronic Course

In the present paper the author will try to elucidate the stability of nosological categories as revealed by a personal follow-up investigation of 301 previously hospitalized patients with paranoid psychoses. Since the terminology used will be the Scandinavian one, a short review of the diagnostic concepts will be given. The Scandinavian concept of schizophrenia is rather narrower than that employed in the rest of Europe, and especially narrower than that prevailing in the Anglo-American literature. Many American authors include in their concept of schizophrenia what may be called “the schizophrenic reaction types”. In the present paper, the concept of schizophrenia used by Langfeldt (1937, 1939), sometimes, referred to as “process schizophrenia” or “nuclear schizophrenia” is used. “Primary symptoms” occur in clear consciousness; these include disturbances of thinking, disintegration of emotions, autism, marked feeling of influence and passivity, massive depersonalization and derealization. As a rule the illness has an insidious development and a chronic course ending up with a greater or lesser degree of mental deterioration.

Intercultural Differences in the Bioethical Assessment of Abortion: Preliminary Results and a Proposal for Further Research

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 1375-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantaleon Fassbender
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
Applied Ethics ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Moral Question ◽  
Configural Frequency Analysis ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
American Catholic ◽  
Ethical Decisionmaking

Descriptor terms related to 37 articles dealing with the moral question of abortion and taken from a printed database specializing in Catholic applied ethics were scanned for clusters with respect to the Anglo-American or European origin of the articles. To identify types within the data Configural Frequency Analysis was used. Application indicated a dominant interest in the process of ethical decisionmaking in Anglo-American Catholic bioethics. The assumption that European Catholic bioethicists discuss the morality of abortion primarily in terms of an anthropological debate focused on the moral status of prenatal life could not be validated statistically.

Translations, Paratextual Mediation, and Ideological Closure

Target ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urpo Kovala
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Dominant Ideology ◽  
Conservative Ideology ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Way

Abstract This article deals with the way so-called paratexts were used, in Finland in 1890-1939, in publishing translations of Anglo-American literature, and especially with the tendencies towards ideological closure that those paratexts manifest. The dominant ideology in the material is what could be called religious-conservative ideology, emphasizing the thought content of the works and their (educative, civilizing, sometimes also entertaining) impact on readers. This is due to the ideological unification process that penetrated the cultural institutions, which were still relatively undifferentiated and non-autonomous during the period in Finland. The article emphasizes that in studying paratext, it is necessary to take heed of the wider cultural context; looking at the paratexts alone is not enough.

Theories of Imperialism

1952 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Knorr
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
European Tradition ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
English Speaking World

Although the term “imperialism” is gaining currency at present, social scientists in the English-speaking world continue to treat with slight interest the phenomena which the term seeks to identify. The authors of the two books under review are of continental European origin. This is hardly an unusual coincidence; the paucity of Anglo-American literature on imperialism contrasts oddly with the prolific stream of writings which has appeared in continental Europe during the last seventy years. One reason for this striking difference lies no doubt in the traditional reluctance of Anglo-American social scientists to generalize about the causation of historical events—and, without such generalization, no theory of imperialism is possible. There is a good deal to be said both for this unwillingness to generalize readily, and against the irrepressible enthusiasm with which European savants construct their sweeping theories. Yet neither can it be denied that the European tradition has produced theories of outstanding and abiding value for the understanding of social and political events. Both Marx and Freud, and many lesser lights, were of this tradition and one need not be Marxist or Freudian to appreciate how immensely their brilliant theories have enriched the social sciences in the Englishspeaking countries.

Fernando Pessoa and Nineteenth-Century Anglo-American Literature

Hispania ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Richard A. Preto-Rodas ◽  
George Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Fernando Pessoa ◽  
Anglo American

scholarly journals Book Review: Rockwell F. Clancy, Towards a Political Anthropology in the Work of Gilles Deleuze: Psychoanalysis and Anglo-American Literature (Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2015).

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
Ronald Bogue
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
Political Anthropology ◽  
Anglo American

A review of Rockwell F. Clancy, Towards a Political Anthropology in the Work of Gilles Deleuze: Psychoanalysis and Anglo-American Literature (Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2015).

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