scholarly journals Sanitary and epidemiological significance and resistance to insecticides of houseflies Musca domestica (Analytical Literature Review, 2000-2021)

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-86
Author(s):  
T. A. Davlianidze* ◽  
O. Yu. Eremina
Keyword(s):  
Insect Resistance ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
House Flies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
The World ◽  
Epidemiological Significance ◽  
Active Substances

Insect resistance to insecticides has been and remains a serious problem affecting insect control worldwide. The fight against houseflies is an important part of pest control measures due to the ability of insects to carry pathogens of infectious diseases of humans and animals. But many of the chemicals that have been shown to be effective against them cease to work after just a few years of use. The intensive use of insecticides in world practice has led to the development of natural populations of houseflies that are resistant to all groups of insecticides used to control them. This species is one of the ten insect species that have developed resistance to the maximal amount of active substances. The review summarizes and analyzes the data of foreign and Russian authors on the insecticide resistance of houseflies (Musca domestica L.) over the past 20 years. Data on the resistance of house flies to both traditional insecticides and new chemicals are presented. The main mechanisms of insect resistance and the factors of its development are described. Schemes of rotation of insecticides in the controlling winged flies are given. The review analyzed 101 sources from 11 countries of the world.

scholarly journals A scenario for the hobo transposable element invasion, deduced from the structure of natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster using tandem TPE repeats

2000 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC BONNIVARD ◽  
CLAUDE BAZIN ◽  
BEATRICE DENIS ◽  
DOMINIQUE HIGUET
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Pattern ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Two Stages

Temporal surveys of hobo transposable elements in natural populations reveal a historical pattern suggesting a recent world-wide invasion of D. melanogaster by these transposons, perhaps following a recent horizontal transfer. To clarify the dynamics of hobo elements in natural populations, and thus to provide further data for our understanding of the hobo invasion, TPE tandem repeats, observed in the polymorphic S region of the element, were used as molecular markers. The number of TPE repeats was studied in 101 current populations from around the world, and in 63 strains collected in the past. This revealed a geographical distribution which seems to have been stable since the beginning of the 1960s. This distribution is compatible with a number of hypotheses for the dynamics of hobo elements. We propose a scenario based on an invasion in two stages: first, a complete invasion by elements with three TPE repeats, followed by the beginning of a new invasion involving hobo elements with five or seven repeats.

scholarly journals TACTICS OF MUSCA DOMESTICA CONTROL AT OBJECTS OF VETERINARY AND SANITARY SUPERVISION

2019 ◽  
pp. 308-312
Author(s):  
Levchenko ◽  
Silivanova
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Metered Dose

Prolonged use of chemical insecticides at veterinary and sanitary inspection facilities often leads to a decrease in the efficiency of disinsection measures, which is associat-ed with the development of resistance in natural insect populations, including Musca domestica L., house flies. The purpose of the presented work was to study the level of sensitivity of M. domestica to modern insecticides in livestock and poultry farms of the Tyumen region. Under laboratory conditions, the activity of modern insecticides from the pyrethroid, neonicotinoids, phenylpyrazols, pyrroles, and avermectins groups against the first generation of adult M. domestica of natural populations was measured using metered-dose contact. Using probit analysis, pooled lethal doses (LD50) of insecticides for natural populations of flies and sensitive laboratory culture were calculated. Next, we determined the resistance index for each insecticide as the ratio of their LD50 values for the natural and laboratory population. It has been found that flies of natural populations were sensitive to tested insecticides to varying degrees. The highest resistance indicator (57) was recorded for the acetamids of the fly population from the livestock farm. A population of flies sensitive to fipronil was also found in the poultry farm with resistance index 1. Given the results of labora-tory studies, this farm was effectively disinsected against M. domestica using fipronil-containing preparation. The tactics of pest control measures, based on preliminary laboratory studies of the sensitivity of flies and the selection of chemical insecticidal agents against a specific natural population, will effectively control the number of Musca domestica on objects of veterinary sanitary inspection.

A Study of the Environmental Factors Affecting the Dispersion of House Flies (Musca domestica L.) in a Dairy Community near Fort Whyte, Manitoba

1956 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 270-272
Author(s):  
William Hanec
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Fly Control

House fly control as practiced at present requires a combination of thorough sanitation supplemented with the use of insecticides. Farms vary considerably in the standard of sanitation maintained. The question arises whether a farmer who conscientiously applies house fly control measures on his premises will find his efforts frustrated by invasions of house flies breeding on less sanitary farm-steads in the neighborhood. To answer this question it is necessary to understand the factors that affect house fly dispersal. These include wind direction, intensity of mind-borne odors and possibly variation in the tendency of flies to migrate. Some of these questions were answered in investigations during the summer of 3951, by releasing and recovering radioactive house flies in a dairy community near Fort Whyte, Manitoba.

Observations on the Oviposition of the House-fly, Musca domestica, L., in Panama.

1922 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
House Fly ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge ◽  
Different Parts

During the past twenty-five years and more the house-fly, Musca domestica, L., has received much attention from entomologists, medical men, sanitarians and other investigators, and many observations on the life-history, habits, etc., of this fly have been made by individuals in different parts of the world. As a result of the investigations carried out during this period much information has been accumulated regarding the biology of this dangerous nuisance to mankind. However, notwith-standing all these observations and the great amount of knowledge that has been gained, there are a few points that have remained more or less indefinite. One of these is concerning the oviposition of the female fly; the number of eggs deposited during her life-period and the time elapsing between depositions.

A basic introduction to image processing using NIH-Image as a model

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 392-393
Author(s):  
John Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Digital Instrument ◽  
Novice User ◽  
Nih Image ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The World ◽  
Instrument Control

Advances in camera technology and digital instrument control have meant that in modern microscopy, the image that was, in the past, typically recorded on a piece of film is now recorded directly into a computer. The transfer of the analog image seen in the microscope to the digitized picture in the computer does not mean, however, that the problems associated with recording images, analyzing them, and preparing them for publication, have all miraculously been solved. The steps involved in the recording an image to film remain largely intact in the digital world. The image is recorded, prepared for measurement in some way, analyzed, and then prepared for presentation.Digital image acquisition schemes are largely the realm of the microscope manufacturers, however, there are also a multitude of “homemade” acquisition systems in microscope laboratories around the world. It is not the mission of this tutorial to deal with the various acquisition systems, but rather to introduce the novice user to rudimentary image processing and measurement.

Knowledge and Awareness of Dengue Fever

2018 ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Y. Arockia Suganthi ◽  
Chitra K. ◽  
J. Magelin Mary
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
And Control

Dengue fever is a painful mosquito-borne infection caused by different types of virus in various localities of the world. There is no particular medicine or vaccine to treat person suffering from dengue fever. Dengue viruses are transmitted by the bite of female Aedes (Ae) mosquitoes. Dengue fever viruses are mainly transmitted by Aedes which can be active in tropical or subtropical climates. Aedes Aegypti is the key step to avoid infection transmission to save millions of people in all over the world. This paper provides a standard guideline in the planning of dengue prevention and control measures. At the same time gives the priorities including clinical management and hospitalized dengue patients have to address essentially.

Efektifitas Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper Betle) sebagai Insektisida Nabati terhadap Mortalitas Lalat Rumah (Musca domestica)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Rinaldi Daswito ◽  
Rima Folentia ◽  
M Yusuf MF
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
P Value ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova

One of the diseases that can be transmitted by flies is diarrhea. Green betel leaf contains essential oils, chavicol, arecoline, phenol, and tannins which function as plant-based insecticides. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of green betel leaf extract (Piper betel) as a plant-based insecticide on the number of mortality of house flies (Musca domestica). The research was an experimental study used After Only Design used the One Way Anova test with a 95% confidence level. The samples used were 360 ​​house flies. Each treatment of 30 house flies with 4 repetitions and used three concentrations of green betel leaf extract (25%, 50%, 75%). The study was conducted at the Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory of Health Polytechnic Tanjungpinang, while the location of the fly collection was at the Tokojo Garbage Collection Station in Bintan Regency. The number of mortality of house flies at a concentration of 25% was 81 heads (67.5%), 50% concentrations were 93 heads (77.5%), and at a concentration of 75% were 103 heads (85.83%). There was an effect of green betel leaf extract on the mortality of house flies (p-value 0.0001 <0.05) with the most effective concentration of 75%. Further research is needed to obtain a finished product utilizing green betel leaf extract as a vegetable insecticide, especially in controlling the fly vector. Need further research on the use of green betel leaf extract as a vegetable insecticide controlling the fly vector by taking into account the amount of spraying and the age of the fly.   Keywords: Green betel leaf extract , organic insecticide, houseflies

On the Symbolism of Rain in A Farewell to Arms

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Tool ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Farewell To Arms

This paper critically analyzes the symbolic use of rain in A Farewell to Arms (1929). The researcher has applied the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis as a research tool for the analysis of the text. This hypothesis argues that the languages spoken by a person determine how one observes this world and that the peculiarities encoded in each language are all different from one another. It affirms that speakers of different languages reflect the world in pretty different ways. Hemingway’s symbolic use of rain in A Farewell to Arms (1929) is denotative, connotative, and ironical. The narrator and protagonist, Frederick Henry symbolically embodies his own perceptions about the world around him. He time and again talks about rain when something embarrassing is about to ensue like disease, injury, arrest, retreat, defeat, escape, and even death. Secondly, Hemingway has connotatively used rain as a cleansing agent for washing the past memories out of his mind. Finally, the author has ironically used rain as a symbol when Henry insists on his love with Catherine Barkley while the latter being afraid of the rain finds herself dead in it.

Profilometry. Using Corneo-scleral topography for scleral lens fitting

The Eye ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (128) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Gregory DeNaeyer
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Way

The world-wide use of scleral contact lenses has dramatically increased over the past 10 year and has changed the way that we manage patients with corneal irregularity. Successfully fitting them can be challenging especially for eyes that have significant asymmetries of the cornea or sclera. The future of scleral lens fitting is utilizing corneo-scleral topography to accurately measure the anterior ocular surface and then using software to design lenses that identically match the scleral surface and evenly vault the cornea. This process allows the practitioner to efficiently fit a customized scleral lens that successfully provides the patient with comfortable wear and improved vision.

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