scholarly journals Undetected Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Amplified by First-line Therapy in Mixed Infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1138-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Hingley-Wilson ◽  
Rosalyn Casey ◽  
David Connell ◽  
Samuel Bremang ◽  
Jason T. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Line Therapy

scholarly journals Undetected Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Amplified by First-line Therapy in Mixed Infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1138-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Hingley-Wilson ◽  
Rosalyn Casey ◽  
David Connell ◽  
Samuel Bremang ◽  
Jason T. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Line Therapy

scholarly journals The epidemiologic impact and cost-effectiveness of new tuberculosis vaccines on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in India and China

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chathika K Weerasuriya ◽  
Rebecca C Harris ◽  
C Finn McQuaid ◽  
Fiammetta Bozzani ◽  
Yunzhou Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Second Line Therapy ◽  
China And India ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Line Therapy ◽  
Mdr Tb

Abstract Background Despite recent advances through the development pipeline, how novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccines might affect rifampicin-resistant and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB) is unknown. We investigated the epidemiologic impact, cost-effectiveness, and budget impact of hypothetical novel prophylactic prevention of disease TB vaccines on RR/MDR-TB in China and India. Methods We constructed a deterministic, compartmental, age-, drug-resistance- and treatment history-stratified dynamic transmission model of tuberculosis. We introduced novel vaccines from 2027, with post- (PSI) or both pre- and post-infection (P&PI) efficacy, conferring 10 years of protection, with 50% efficacy. We measured vaccine cost-effectiveness over 2027–2050 as USD/DALY averted-against 1-times GDP/capita, and two healthcare opportunity cost-based (HCOC), thresholds. We carried out scenario analyses. Results By 2050, the P&PI vaccine reduced RR/MDR-TB incidence rate by 71% (UI: 69–72) and 72% (UI: 70–74), and the PSI vaccine by 31% (UI: 30–32) and 44% (UI: 42–47) in China and India, respectively. In India, we found both USD 10 P&PI and PSI vaccines cost-effective at the 1-times GDP and upper HCOC thresholds and P&PI vaccines cost-effective at the lower HCOC threshold. In China, both vaccines were cost-effective at the 1-times GDP threshold. P&PI vaccine remained cost-effective at the lower HCOC threshold with 49% probability and PSI vaccines at the upper HCOC threshold with 21% probability. The P&PI vaccine was predicted to avert 0.9 million (UI: 0.8–1.1) and 1.1 million (UI: 0.9–1.4) second-line therapy regimens in China and India between 2027 and 2050, respectively. Conclusions Novel TB vaccination is likely to substantially reduce the future burden of RR/MDR-TB, while averting the need for second-line therapy. Vaccination may be cost-effective depending on vaccine characteristics and setting.

scholarly journals Powerful Bactericidal and Sterilizing Activity of a Regimen Containing PA-824, Moxifloxacin, and Pyrazinamide in a Murine Model of Tuberculosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1522-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Nuermberger ◽  
Sandeep Tyagi ◽  
Rokeya Tasneen ◽  
Kathy N. Williams ◽  
Deepak Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Murine Model ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Clinical Testing ◽  
First Line ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis

ABSTRACT PA-824 is a nitroimidazo-oxazine in clinical testing for the treatment of tuberculosis. We report that the novel combination of PA-824, moxifloxacin, and pyrazinamide cured mice more rapidly than the first-line regimen of rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide. If applicable to humans, regimens containing this combination may radically shorten the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Minimal inhibitory concentrations of first-line drugs of multidrug -resistant tuberculosis isolates

Lung India ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Schönfeld ◽  
Silvan Vesenbeckh ◽  
Holger Rüssmann ◽  
Thorsten Bergmann ◽  
Harald Mauch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis

scholarly journals Combination Chemotherapy with the Nitroimidazopyran PA-824 and First-Line Drugs in a Murine Model of Tuberculosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 2621-2625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Nuermberger ◽  
Ian Rosenthal ◽  
Sandeep Tyagi ◽  
Kathy N. Williams ◽  
Deepak Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Murine Model ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Standard Regimen ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
Tuberculosis Therapy

ABSTRACT The creation of new chemotherapeutic regimens that permit shortening the duration of treatment is a major priority for antituberculosis drug development. In this study, we used the murine model of experimental tuberculosis therapy to determine whether incorporation of the investigational new nitroimidazopyran PA-824 into the standard first-line regimen has the potential to shorten the 6-month duration of treatment. As demonstrated previously, PA-824 alone had significant bactericidal activity over the first 2 months of treatment. Moreover, the substitution of PA-824 for isoniazid led to significantly lower lung CFU counts after 2 months of treatment and to more rapid culture-negative conversion compared to the standard regimen of rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide. Despite this, there was no difference in the proportion of mice relapsing after completing 6 months of therapy (2 of 19 mice treated with PA-824 in place of isoniazid relapsed versus 0 of 46 mice treated with the standard regimen). Meanwhile, no other PA-824-containing regimen tested was superior to the standard regimen on any assessment. Thus, we were unable to establish a clear role for PA-824 in a treatment-shortening regimen that includes two or more of the current first-line drugs. Future preclinical studies should include the evaluation of novel combinations of PA-824 with new drug candidates in addition to existing antituberculosis drugs for their potential to substantially improve the treatment of both drug-susceptible and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Status of antituberculosis drug resistance in Saudi Arabia 1979-98

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 664-670
Author(s):  
K. K. Abu Amero
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis

All published material on the prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis within Saudi Arabia over the period 1979-98 was reviewed. The prevalence of single-drug-resistant tuberculosis ranged from 3.4% to 41% for isoniazid, 0% to 23.4% for rifampicin, 0.7% to 22.7% for streptomycin and 0% to 6.9% for ethambutol. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis [defined by WHO as resist1qance to two or more first-line antituberculosis drugs] ranged from 1.5% to 44% in different regions. No strong conclusions could be drawn owing to variations in the populations studied, geographical origins, site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation [pulmonary or extrapulmonary] and drug sensitivity testing. However, the need to develop a standardized national policy for surveillance of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia is clear

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