scholarly journals Costs and Outcomes of Integrated Human African Trypanosomiasis Surveillance System Using Rapid Diagnostic Tests, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 2144-2153
Author(s):  
Rian Snijders ◽  
Alain Fukinsia ◽  
Yves Claeys ◽  
Epco Hasker ◽  
Alain Mpanya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

scholarly journals Clinical Evaluation of QuickNaviTM-Ebola in the 2018 Outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Makiala ◽  
Daniel Mukadi ◽  
Anja De Weggheleire ◽  
Shino Muramatsu ◽  
Daisuke Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

The recent large outbreaks of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) have highlighted the need for rapid diagnostic tests to control this disease. In this study, we clinically evaluated a previously developed immunochromatography-based kit, QuickNaviTM-Ebola. During the 2018 outbreaks in DRC, 928 blood samples from EVD-suspected cases were tested with QuickNaviTM-Ebola and the WHO-approved GeneXpert. The sensitivity and specificity of QuickNaviTM-Ebola, estimated by comparing it to GeneXpert-confirmed cases, were 85% (68/80) and 99.8% (846/848), respectively. These results indicate the practical reliability of QuickNaviTM-Ebola for point-of-care diagnosis of EVD.

scholarly journals Human African trypanosomiasis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: disease distribution and risk

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Crispin Lumbala ◽  
Pere P. Simarro ◽  
Giuliano Cecchi ◽  
Massimo Paone ◽  
José R. Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

scholarly journals Human African Trypanosomiasis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Looming Emergency?

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. e1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Epco Hasker ◽  
Pascal Lutumba ◽  
François Chappuis ◽  
Victor Kande ◽  
Julien Potet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

scholarly journals Analysis of false-negative rapid diagnostic tests for symptomatic malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan B. Parr ◽  
Eddy Kieto ◽  
Fernandine Phanzu ◽  
Paul Mansiangi ◽  
Kashamuka Mwandagalirwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Symptomatic Malaria ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

AbstractThe majority of Plasmodium falciparum malaria diagnoses in Africa are made using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) that detect histidine-rich protein 2. Increasing reports of false-negative RDT results due to parasites with deletions of the pfhrp2 and/or pfhrp3 genes (pfhrp2/3) raise concern about existing malaria diagnostic strategies. We previously identified pfhrp2-negative parasites among asymptomatic children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), but their impact on diagnosis of symptomatic malaria is unknown. We performed a cross-sectional study of false-negative RDTs in symptomatic subjects in 2017. Parasites were characterized by microscopy; RDT; pfhrp2/3 genotyping and species-specific PCR assays; a bead-based immunoassay for Plasmodium antigens; and/or whole-genome sequencing. Among 3627 symptomatic subjects, 427 (11.8%) had RDT-/microscopy + results. Parasites from eight (0.2%) samples were initially classified as putative pfhrp2/3 deletions by PCR, but antigen testing and whole-genome sequencing confirmed the presence of intact genes. 56.8% of subjects had PCR-confirmed malaria. Non-falciparum co-infection with P. falciparum was common (13.2%). Agreement between PCR and HRP2-based RDTs was satisfactory (Cohen’s kappa = 0.66) and superior to microscopy (0.33). Symptomatic malaria due to pfhrp2/3-deleted P. falciparum was not observed. Ongoing HRP2-based RDT use is appropriate for the detection of falciparum malaria in the DRC.

scholarly journals SNPs in IL4 and IFNG show no protective associations with human African trypanosomiasis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Olivier Fataki Asina ◽  
Harry Noyes ◽  
Bruno Bucheton ◽  
Hamidou Ilboudo ◽  
Annette MacLeod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Latent Infections ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

Background: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a protozoal disease transmitted by tsetse flies. Infection with trypanosomes can lead directly to active HAT or latent infection with no detectable parasites, which may progress to active HAT or to spontaneous self-cure. Genetic variation could explain these differences in the outcome of infection. To test this hypothesis, polymorphisms in 17 candidate genes were tested (APOL1 [G1 and G2], CFH, HLA-A, HPR, HP, IL1B, IL12B, IL12RB1, IL10, IL4R, MIF, TNFA, IL6, IL4, IL8, IFNG, and HLA-G). Methods: Samples were collected in Democratic Republic of the Congo. 233 samples were genotyped: 100 active HAT cases, 33 from subjects with latent infections and 100 negative controls. Commercial service providers genotyped polymorphisms at 96 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on 17 genes. Data were analyzed using Plink V1.9 software and R. Loci, with suggestive associations (uncorrected p < 0.05) validated using an additional 594 individuals, including 164 cases and 430 controls. Results: After quality control, 87 SNPs remained in the analysis. Two SNPs in IL4 and two in IFNG were suggestively associated (uncorrected p<0.05) with a differential risk of developing a Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection in the Congolese population. The IFNG minor allele (rs2430561, rs2069718) SNPs were protective in comparison between latent infections and controls. Carriers of the rs2243258_T and rs2243279_A alleles of IL4 and the rs2069728_T allele of IFNG had a reduced risk of developing illness or latent infection, respectively. None of these associations were significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. A validation study using more samples was run to determine if the absence of significant association was due to lack of power. Conclusions: This study showed no evidence of an association of HAT with IL4 and IFNG SNPs or with APOL1 G1 and G2 alleles, which have been found to be protective in other studies.

scholarly journals Feasibility of a dried blood spot strategy for serological screening and surveillance to monitor elimination of Human African Trypanosomiasis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0009407
Author(s):  
Raquel Inocencio da Luz ◽  
Delphin Mavinga Phanzu ◽  
Oscar N’lemvo Kiabanzawoko ◽  
Eric Miaka ◽  
Paul Verlé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Dried Blood Spot ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Screening And Surveillance ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Blood Spot

In recent years, the number of reported Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) cases caused by Trypanosoma brucei (T.b.) gambiense has been markedly declining, and the goal of ‘elimination as a public health problem’ is within reach. For the next stage, i.e. interruption of HAT transmission by 2030, intensive screening and surveillance will need to be maintained, but with tools and strategies more efficiently tailored to the very low prevalence. We assessed the sequential use of ELISA and Immune Trypanolysis (ITL) on dried blood spot (DBS) samples as an alternative to the traditional HAT field testing and confirmation approach. A cross-sectional study was conducted in HAT endemic and previously endemic zones in Kongo Central province, and a non-endemic zone in Haut Katanga province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Door-to-door visits were performed to collect dried blood spot (DBS) samples on filter paper. ELISA/T.b. gambiense was conducted followed by ITL for those testing positive by ELISA and in a subset of ELISA negatives. In total, 11,642 participants were enrolled. Of these, 11,535 DBS were collected and stored in appropriate condition for ELISA testing. Ninety-seven DBS samples tested positive on ELISA. In the endemic zone, ELISA positivity was 1.34% (95%CI: 1.04–1.64). In the previously endemic zone and non-endemic zone, ELISA positivity was 0.34% (95% CI: 0.13–0.55) and 0.37% (95% CI: 0.15–0.60) respectively. Among the ELISA positives, only two samples had a positive ITL result, both from the endemic zone. One of those was from a former HAT patient treated in 2008 and the other from an individual who unfortunately had deceased prior to the follow-up visit. Our study showed that a surveillance strategy, based on DBS samples and centralized testing with retracing of patients if needed, is feasible in DRC. ELISA seems well suited as initial test with a similar positivity rate as traditional screening tests, but ITL remains complex. Alternatives for the latter, also analyzable on DBS, should be further explored.

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