scholarly journals On the assessment of non-metallic inclusions by part 13 of API 579 -1/ASME FFS-1 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (59) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Jorge Luis González-Velázquez ◽  
Ehsan Entezari ◽  
Jerzy A. Szpunar
Keyword(s):  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Ultrasonic Inspection ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Nondestructive Inspection ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Horizontal Pressure ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Inspection Techniques

Improvement of nondestructive inspection techniques has allowed more frequent detection of closely spaced zones of non-metallic inclusions in pressure vessels made of low carbon steel. In the present study, closely spaced inclusions in an in-service cylindrical horizontal pressure vessel were detected by Scan-C ultrasonic inspection and considered as laminations to be assessed by Part 13 of the API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2016 standard. The outcoming results were considered as a rejection for Level 1 assessment, and a repair or replacement of the component was required, even though it retained a significant remaining strength. Thus, an alternative procedure to assess the mechanical integrity of pressure vessels containing zones of non-metallic inclusions is proposed by adopting some criteria of the API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 Part 13 standard procedure and taking into consideration the dimensions and grouping characteristics of the inclusion zones.     

Analysis of Dissimilar Metal Welding of EN19 and SS304L

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.T. Gopalakrishna ◽  
B.S. Ajay Kumar ◽  
K.R. Vishnu ◽  
S.D. Sundareshan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
Dissimilar Welding ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Mig Welding ◽  
Welding Processes

Dissimilar welding between low carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel using both Tungsten inert gas and metal inert gas welding has been reported. However, the combination of SS304 and mild steel has less tensile strength in both TIG and MIG welding. Therefore, this study is undertaken with the objective of finding the weld strength of EN19 and SS304L using TIG and MIG welding with different parameters. Tensile strength and hardness of the welded region is found to be higher than that of the base material. The comparison of microstructure near the weld pool and the base material revealed the changes in composition of materials besides the formation of marten site in the welded region. The main application of this material thus prepared by welding processes could be in automobile industries, food industries and nuclear pressure vessels.

Effects of Stress on Pitting Corrosion Behavior of Low-Carbon Steel

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaixiang Cao ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Xingqi Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Corrosion Morphology ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion

Low-carbon steel Q235B was widely used in low or middle pressure equipments, which were not only withstanding the corrosive effect of the environment or medium, but also the high stress in service processes. In this paper, acetic acid accelerated corrosion test of low-carbon steel Q235B under the action of various stress levels was conducted, and its pitting corrosion behavior was studied by corrosion morphology, pitting corrosion parameters, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that, the degree of pitting corrosion of low carbon steel Q235B with stress was more serious than that of non-stress. And the corrosion started from grain boundary, which was corroded before grain itself, and then grains fell off or dissolved. Furthermore, it would have the tendency of deep hole corrosion with stress, which was more of a threat to the structural safety of pressure vessels.

Analyzing the Features of Non-Metallic Inclusion Distribution in Ø410 mm Continuously Cast Billets of Low Carbon Steel Grades

2019 ◽  
Vol 973 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Mikhail Y. Chubukov ◽  
Dmitriy V. Rutskiy ◽  
Dmitriy P. Uskov
Keyword(s):  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Metallic Inclusion ◽  
Peritectic Steel ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Continuously Cast ◽  
Inclusion Distribution

The paper reports findings on the morphology of non-metallic inclusions in low carbon pre-peritectic and peritectic steel grades used for the fabrication of seamless pipes. It is demonstrated that the distribution of non-metallic inclusions over the cross section area of continuously cast billets is of a step-like nature conditioned by the features of billet solidification. In all the steels analyzed the non-metallic inclusions are presented by oxides, sulfides and complex oxi-sulfides not larger than 2 μm.

FEA of Residual Stresses in Butt Welded Type Low Carbon Steel Using MMAW Technique

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 2686-2692
Author(s):  
Gurinder Singh Brar ◽  
Gurdeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Element Method

Welding is a reliable and efficient joining process in which the coalescence of metals is achieved by fusion. Welding is widely employed in diverse structures such as ships, aircraft, marine structures, bridges, ground vehicles, pipelines and pressure vessels. When two dissimilar plates are joined by welding process, a very complex thermal cycle is applied to the weldment, which further causes inhomogeneous plastic deformation and residual stress in and around fusion zone and heat affected zone (HAZ). Presence of residual stresses may be beneficial or harmful for the structural components depending on the nature and magnitude of residual stresses. In this study, a finite element analysis has been carried out to analyze the thermo-mechanical behaviour and effect of residual stress state in butt-welded in low carbon steel plates. A coupled thermal mechanical three dimension finite element model was developed. Finite element method based software SolidWorks Simulation, was then used to evaluate transient temperature and residual stress during butt welding of two plates. Plate thickness of 8 mm were used which are normally joined by multi-pass operation by Manual Metal Arc Welding (MMAW) process. During each pass, attained peak temperature and variation of residual stresses in plates has also been studied. The results obtained by finite element method agree well with those from X-ray diffraction method as published by Murugan et al. for the prediction of residual stresses.

scholarly journals Non-Metallic Inclusions and Acicular Ferrite in Low Carbon Steel

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1663-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Joo Oh ◽  
Sang-Yoon Lee ◽  
Jung-Soo Byun ◽  
Jae-Hyeok Shim ◽  
Young Whan Cho
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Acicular Ferrite ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Metallic Inclusions

scholarly journals Analysis Of Mechanical Properties SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) Welding Joints Of Portable Electric Hydraulic Jack Frame

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Andika Wisnujati ◽  
Juni Andryansyah
Keyword(s):  
Arc Welding ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Shielded Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Cooling Media

Welding is a very important part of the development and growth of the industry because it has a role in engineering, reparation, and construction. Shielded   Metal   Arc Welding (SMAW) or the conventional arc welding   process is particularly dominant in structural joints, pressure vessels and in maintenance and repair work. In welding, different metals are joined economically and at a much faster rate as compared with other fabrication processes like riveting and casting. The purpose of this research is to find out the cooling media cooler against SMAW smelter tensile strength by using the E6013 electrode. This study uses low carbon steel material that has levels Fe = 98,3%; C = 0,30%, Si = 0,23%. The material is given 75A welding current with cooling variation on the connection result using oil, water, and room temperature. The highest tensile stress value obtained in the oil cooling treatment was 844,76 N/mm2, the highest strain value was obtained on the raw materials of 16%, the highest elasticity value was obtained in the oil cooling treatment of 703.96 N/mm2. According to the research results can be concluded that the variations of cooling media greatly affect the strength of the welding connection.

Simulation of Temperature Field of TIG Welding Using FDM

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Tailor ◽  
K. N. Srinivasan ◽  
S. A. Channiwala ◽  
M. Sohel M. Panwala
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Butt Welding ◽  
Gtaw Process

Welding is one of the most important material-joining processes widely used in industry. Low carbon steel and stainless steel with thin plates are widely used in the fabrication of pressure vessels and other components. Thin plates are joints together by the Tungsten inert gas welding (GTAW) methods. Temperature distribution that occurs during welding affects the microstructure, mechanical properties and the residual stresses that will be present in the welded material. This paper discusses the development of a model for the temperature distribution during butt welding at different heat inputs using Finite difference method (FDM). The model is created from first principles of heat transfer and utilizes contact conduction that is a function of temperature, Gaussian heat distribution, and many material properties that vary with temperature. The temperature distribution curves obtained with this model are presented. This transient temperature field has been validated with experimentation of measuring temperature during welding of butt welded of low carbon steel using GTAW process. Using this FDM code, the range of error between the model and experimental results is −11.21 to 2.63%, demonstrating the accuracy of the model.

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