scholarly journals Women’s Agency and the Development of Women’s Intercollegiate Athletics, 1961-2001

2003 ◽  
pp. 37-76
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Harrigan
Keyword(s):  
Women Athletes ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Women's Athletics ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Women's Sports ◽  
University Women ◽  
Women’S Sports ◽  
Central Canada ◽  
Male Model ◽  
The 1960S

Autonomous women’s athletics had a strong foundation, especially in central Canada, from the 1920s. The expansion of women’s programs from the 1960s on was due primarily to the agency of university women athletes overcoming institutional and cultural indifference. A national intercollegiate organization for women was established in 1969 to encourage women’s sports and merged with the men’s organization in 1978. The immediate result of the union was a decline in women’s autonomy and representation, but women students’ athletic participation rates steadily increased. Women's representation within the CIAU (now CIS) rose dramatically in the 1990s with pressures for gender equality. Raising the profile of women’s sports, however, has had the unintended consequence of subsuming autonomy and the sense of a distinctive mission within a male model of elite competition and commercialization.

Epilogue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Women Athletes ◽  
Title Ix ◽  
Women's Sports ◽  
The Past ◽  
Women’S Sports ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Precipitous Decline ◽  
Sports News ◽  
Television Coverage

This concluding chapter considers the status of women's sports in 2012, the various points of change that brought them there, and reasserts the need to cheer with reserve. Even as the number of women athletes seems to rise, their representation in administrative ranks has dwindled from the pre-Title IX era. In addition, sports sociologists Michael Messner and Cheryl Cooky found that there has been a “precipitous decline” in the amount of television coverage devoted to women's sports over the past several years. In 2009 women's sports garnered just 1.6 percent of network sports news and 1.4 percent of ESPN's SportsCenter. For a brief window in July 2012, however, those numbers temporarily increased as the world tuned in to the Women's Games.

Newspaper Representation of Women Athletes in 1984 and 1994

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Mathesen ◽  
Kay Flatten
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
General Population ◽  
Women Athletes ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Women's Sports ◽  
Women's Sport ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Women’S Sports

This research was to assess changes in Great Britain (GB) in the percent coverage of women’s sports in six national and Sunday newspapers (Telegraph, Guardian, Independent, Express, Mail and Mirror) between 1984 and 1994. Measurements were taken of all sports articles on the front pages, editorial pages and sports pages for the period 1st-14th July in both years. Data were categorized into male only, female only and mixed articles per day, square centimetres per day and photos per day. There was a decrease in percentage coverage of women’s sport coverage (articles per day down 5.2%; cm2 per day down 5.2%; photos per day down 7.1%) while the overall coverage of sport increased. During the time period the portion of GB Olympians who were women increased by 7% and there was a 3% increase in proportion of sports participants in the general population who were women. An adjustment index is presented which uses population figures and sport participation figures to calculate the proportion of sport participants who are female. This index was used to assess fairness in reporting sport.

Rules, Rulers, and the “Right Kind” of Competition

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Schultz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical Educators ◽  
Women's Sports ◽  
Women's Sport ◽  
Women’S Sports ◽  
Sport Skills ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Right ◽  
United States Olympic Committee

This chapter discusses how women physical educators began to reevaluate their collective position against intercollegiate, commercial, and hypercompetitive sports for their students. Particular attention is given to a series of National Institutes on Girls' Sports, jointly sponsored by the Division for Girls and Women's Sports (DGWS) and the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) that took place during the 1960s. At these clinics, educators, recreation leaders, and other interested parties learned the necessary tools to teach sport skills to their respective charges and to encourage them to engage in “the right kind of competition.” The emergent groundswell of support was an important antecedent to the subsequent developments in women's sport.

Study on the Broadcast of Women's Sports in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aswathi Murali ◽  
Amritashish Bagchi
Keyword(s):  
Women's Sports ◽  
Women’S Sports

INDIVIDUALIZED SPORTS MANAGEMENT SCHEME FOR PREGNANT WOMEN IN CHINA

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (08) ◽  
pp. 1940055
Author(s):  
LIN YANG ◽  
QI LUO ◽  
YANG LU ◽  
SONG ZHANG ◽  
YIMIN YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Women's Sports ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Target Heart Rate ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Women’S Sports

In recent years, pregnant women in China generally face problems such as unbalanced and excessive nutrition, lack of proper exercise during pregnancy, which shows a significant increase in weight during pregnancy, leading to an increasing trend of perinatal complications. At present, there is less sports health management system for pregnant women throughout pregnancy. In view of this, based on the existing research in related fields, this study deeply explores the appropriate monitoring methods of pregnant women’s sports in China. In this study, effective and convenient testing methods and evaluation criteria were proposed for pregnant women’s sports and psychology. The research idea was a method based on the pulse wave to detect pregnant women’s cardiac reserve capacity, and grading the Diastolic/Systolic value of pregnant women as a reference for grading individualized target heart rate range of moderate intensity exercise. The effective time and energy expenditure of pregnant women were assessed by monitoring the exercise process. The purpose is to help and guide pregnant women in the whole process of pregnancy self-movement management, and thus improve the quality of maternal health care services in China.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document