Effect of irrigation on carbonate dynamics in a calcareous soil using isotopic determinations

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Sonsoles de Soto ◽  
Iñigo Virto ◽  
Pierre Barré ◽  
Alberto Enrique
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Pedogenic Carbonates ◽  
Preferential Accumulation ◽  
Soil Carbonates

This article evaluates the effect of irrigation on carbonates dynamics in agricultural soils. We studied the proportion and distribution of pedogenic carbonates in different size fractions in a soil with and without irrigation, using the isotopic signature of carbonates C. Irrigation can alter the distribution of soil carbonates and produce a preferential accumulation of pedogenic carbonates (87% to 92% with irrigation for 61% to 74% without irrigation), in the finer fractions.

Pedogenic carbonates accumulation in a calcareous Mediterranean soil following introduction of irrigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Sonsoles De Soto ◽  
Iñigo Virto ◽  
Alberto Enrique ◽  
Rodrigo Antón ◽  
Pierre Barré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Pedogenic Carbonates ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Soil Carbonates

<p>In calcareous Mediterranean soils, pedogenic and lithogenic carbonates can be important constituents of the soil matrix. However, their relative proportion and their relation to soil functioning has been scarcely studied. The interest in determining the proportion of pedogenic carbonates relies on the fact that they can be related to the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil and, therefore, affect plant growth and soil productivity. Carbonates dynamics can be affected by some farming management practices and land-use changes, such as the adoption of irrigation, due to changes in the soil water regime, the composition of the soil solution, the concentration of CO<sub>2</sub> in the soil atmosphere, and the changes related to fertilization.</p><p>To gain knowledge on the importance of the effect of the introduction of irrigation on carbonates dynamics in the tilled layer of agricultural soils, we studied the evolution of the proportion of pedogenic carbonates in a Mediterranean calcareous soil after seven years of irrigation. We used the isotopic signature of C in soil carbonates for these estimations. The study was conducted in two plots under contrasting agricultural management on the same soil unit: dryland wheat cropping, and irrigated corn for 7 consecutive years, in Enériz (Navarre, Spain).</p><p>Our results showed that the transformation of dryland wheat to irrigated corn, produced a preferential accumulation of pedogenic carbonates (31-56%) in the tilled layer (0-30 cm) of the irrigated soil only over 7 years after the land-use change. Therefore, the processes related to this land use change can alter the soil carbonates dynamics in a very short period of time, and they may have consequences in terms of plant nutrient dynamics and the soil structure. Future research on the origin of the soil carbonates (pedogenic or geogenic) in agricultural soils will help to understand the actual significance of carbonates dynamics in terms of the global C balance in these soils.</p>

scholarly journals The δ13C, δ18O and Δ47 records in biogenic, pedogenic and geogenic carbonate types from paleosol-loess sequence and their paleoenvironmental meaning

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Kazem Zamanian ◽  
Alex R. Lechler ◽  
Andrew J. Schauer ◽  
Yakov Kuzyakov ◽  
Katharine W. Huntington
Keyword(s):  
Land Snail ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Pedogenic Carbonates ◽  
Rhine Valley ◽  
Clumped Isotope ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Sediment Layers ◽  
Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions

Abstract Paleoenvironmental reconstructions are commonly based on isotopic signatures of a variety of carbonate types, including rhizoliths and land-snail shells, present in paleosol-loess sequences. However, various carbonate types are formed through distinct biotic and abiotic processes over various periods, and therefore may record diverging environmental information in the same sedimentological layer. Here, we investigate the effects of carbonate type on δ13C, δ18O, and clumped isotope-derived paleotemperature [T(Δ47)] from the Quaternary Nussloch paleosol-loess sequence (Rhine Valley, SW Germany). δ13C, δ18O, and T(Δ47) values of co-occurring rhizoliths (-8.2‰ to -5.8‰, -6.1‰ to -5.9‰, 12–32°C, respectively), loess dolls (-7.0‰, -5.6‰, 23°C), land-snail shells (-8.1‰ to -3.2‰, -4.0‰ to -2.2‰, 12–38°C), earthworm biospheroliths (-11‰, -4.7‰, 8°C), and “bulk” carbonates (-1.9‰ to -0.5‰, -5.6‰ to -5.3‰, 78–120°C) from three sediment layers depend systematically on the carbonate type, admixture from geogenic carbonate, and the duration of formation periods. Based on these findings, we provide a comprehensive summary for the application of the three isotopic proxies of δ13C, δ18O, and Δ47 in biogenic and pedogenic carbonates present in the same sediment layer to reconstruct paleoenvironments (e.g., local vegetation, evaporative conditions, and temperature). We conclude that bulk carbonates in Nussloch loess should be excluded from paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Instead, pedogenic and biogenic carbonates should be used to provide context for interpreting the isotopic signature for detailed site- and time-specific paleoenvironmental information.

Contributions of carbonates to soil CO2 emissions

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ramnarine ◽  
C. Wagner-Riddle ◽  
K. E. Dunfield ◽  
R. P. Voroney
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Carbonates

Ramnarine, R., Wagner-Riddle, C., Dunfield, K. E. and Voroney, R. P. 2012. Contributions of carbonates to soil CO 2 emissions. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 599–607. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released in soil as a by-product of microbial and root respiration, but soil carbonates may also be a source of CO2 emissions in calcareous soils. Global estimates of inorganic carbon range from 700 to 900 Pg as carbonates stored in soils, representing a significant potential source of CO2 to the atmosphere. While previous studies have focused on the total CO2 efflux from the soil, our goal was to identify the various sources and their contribution to total CO2 emissions, by measuring the isotopic signature of the CO2 emitted from the soil. Calcareous Luvisolic silt loam soil samples were obtained from conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) plots in southern Ontario, Canada. Soil samples (root- and residue-free) were laboratory-incubated for 14 d and the isotopic signature of the CO2 (δ13CCO2) released was analyzed using isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Isotopic measurement was essential in quantifying the abiotic CO2 production from carbonates, due to the unique δ13C signature of carbonates and soil organic matter. A two-end member mixing model was used to estimate the proportion of CO2 evolved from soil carbonates and soil organic matter decomposition. Analysis of emitted CO2 collected after the 14-d incubation indicate that the proportion of CO2 originating from soil inorganic carbon was 62 to 74% for CT soil samples, and 64 to 80% for NT soil samples. Further work is recommended in the quantification of CO2 emissions from calcareous soils, and to determine the transferability of laboratory results to field studies.

Temperature dependence of CO 2 emissions rates and isotopic signature from a calcareous soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiphaine Chevallier ◽  
Laurent Cournac ◽  
Salwa Hamdi ◽  
Tahar Gallali ◽  
Martial Bernoux
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Isotopic Signature

scholarly journals Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L. Syn. Cerasus avium Moench.): A Study of its Distribution in Latvia and Superior Clone Selection for Cherry Plantations for Wood in Local Climatic Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-291
Author(s):  
Mudrīte Daugaviete ◽  
Dagnija Lazdiņa ◽  
Daina Feldmane ◽  
Dace Treigute ◽  
Uldis Daugavietis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Local Origin ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Prunus Avium L

Abstract The distribution of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L. syn. Cerasus avium Moench.) in natural woodlands of Latvia was studied. The growth, vitality and stem quality of the first-generation plantations established in Latvia in different agricultural soils using the planting stock of local origin was assessed. In woodlands, sweet cherry is found in 11 Forest Resource Monitoring plots in the administrative regions of Madona, Kuldīga, Alsunga, Saldus, Cīrava, and Kazdanga. In the last decade, interest in sweet cherry as a wood producer has increased and plantations with a total area of 21.92 ha were established in 22 localities (Priekule, Kazdanga, Durbe, Talsi, Ventspils, Kuldīga, Tukums, Saldus, Dobele, Bauska, Cēsis, Pārgauja, and Krāslava). Survey was made of sweet cherry plantations established between 1997 and 2019, using both local and foreign origin clonal stock (Danish clone Truust and Swedish clones nos. 9 and 10) in different agricultural soils (typic sod-calcareous soil; sod-podzolic soil; stagnogley sod-podzolic soil) in the districts of Priekule, Kuldīga, Dobele, Bauska, Ķegums, and Smiltene. In plantation forests with optimal growing conditions (typical sod-calcareous soil; pH 6 to 7), 22-year-old sweet cherries of local origin had height (H) of 15.1 m, the diameter at breast hight (DBH) — 16.4 cm and stem volume 157.7 dm3 on average. The maximum H and DBH observed for the largest trees reached 17.6 m and 25.3 cm, respectively. The Danish clone Truust and the Swedish clones nos. 9 and 10 of sweet cherries were promising for growing in Latvian climatic conditions. Selection of perspective clones for establishment of second-generation plantations was made for sweet cherries of local origin.

The heavy metal partition in size-fractions of the fine particles in agricultural soils contaminated by waste water and smelter dust

2013 ◽  
Vol 248-249 ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Zhang ◽  
Yongming Luo ◽  
Tomoyuki Makino ◽  
Longhua Wu ◽  
Masami Nanzyo
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Metal Partition

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Colemanite and Sodium Pentaborate as Boron Sources for Rice Grown in Flooded Calcareous Soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saleem Sarki ◽  
Khanif Y. M. ◽  
Fauziah C. I. ◽  
Samsuri A. W. ◽  
Hafeez B.
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Crushed Ore

<p>Boron insufficiency in the agricultural soils is common and wide spread problem in many regions of the world. The effectiveness of crushed ore colemanite as B sources for rice crop under flooded calcareous soil were evaluated in a glass house study. We studied the effects of powder colemanite (PC) and granular colemanite (GC) in comparison with the refined sodium pentaborate fertilizer at the rates of 0, 1, 2, and 3 kg B ha<sup>-1 </sup>on growth and yield parameters of rice crop as well as the true control (0 kg B ha<sup>-1</sup>). Sodium pentaborate (SP) and (PC) application of 2 and 3 kg B ha<sup>-1</sup> significantly increased the plant height, number of tillers and panicles per plant, number of grains per panicle, weight of 1000 grains and B concentration in grain compared the 0 and 1 kg B ha<sup>-1</sup>. Rice crop with SP and PC applied at 3 kg B ha<sup>-1</sup> produced significantly (18% over the control) higher grain yield than the 0 kg B ha<sup>-1 </sup>treatment. Pots fertilized with SP and PC produced similar results as grain yield difference between them was not significant so these B fertilizers were very effective in supplying B to rice crop, but GC applied pots produced significantly low yield because of its bigger particle size, due to which B was not released from fertilizer. This study proved that colemanite with smaller particle size is an effective B source and it is cheaper than refined products so it should be applied for harvesting higher yields.</p>

scholarly journals Temporal Changes in the Efficiency of Biochar- and Compost-Based Amendments on Copper Immobilization in Vineyard Soils

Soil Systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Christina Pump ◽  
Katharina M. Keiblinger ◽  
Elisabeth Scheiblauer ◽  
Simone Johnen ◽  
Niklas J. Lehto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Soil Microbiology ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Lime Treatment ◽  
Cu Accumulation ◽  
The 19Th Century

Copper (Cu)-based fungicides have been an important tool against disease in viticulture since the 19th century. However, their prolonged use can lead to Cu accumulation in the soil and negatively affect soil microbiology and plant growth. The application of biochar (BC)-based amendments is a promising mitigation strategy, due to BC’s longevity in the soil and its potential to complex Cu. This study investigated temporal changes in the efficiency of various compost- and BC-based amendments to immobilize Cu in a calcareous and a slightly acidic Austrian vineyard soil. The immobilization of both historically accumulated Cu and freshly spiked Cu (250 mg kg−1) was studied. The soils were treated with six combinations of amendments containing compost and BC, with and without surface modification, as well as an additional lime treatment for the acidic soil. After treatment, the soils were incubated for 6 weeks and 3 years, after which the 0.01 M CaCl2-extractable Cu was measured. The amendments were not effective in reducing the mobility of the historically accumulated Cu in the calcareous soil, with pure compost doubling the soluble Cu. Pure wood-chip BC was the only organic amendment that led to a reduction (by 20%) of soluble Cu after 6 weeks in the acidic soil; however, after 3 years, the same amendment reduced soluble Cu by 40% and all other tested amendments were also effective in reducing the mobility of the historically accumulated Cu. The lime treatment achieved the greatest reduction in Cu mobility (56%). Freshly spiked Cu was strongly immobilized in both unamended soils, with 0.06% and 0.39% extractable after 6 weeks in the calcareous and slightly acidic soil, respectively. The amendments did not effectuate additional Cu immobilization in the calcareous soil, but in the acidic soil, the soluble Cu was further reduced to between 25% and 50% of the unamended control by the tested organic amendments and to 6% by the lime treatment after 6 weeks of incubation. Overall, the acidic soil exhibited a stronger response to the amendments than did the calcareous soil, suggesting the amendments’ effect on the soil pH was an important factor for Cu immobilization in this study. These results show the importance of developing site-specific remediation strategies for Cu accumulation in agricultural soils.

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