scholarly journals Study on Cross-Basin Ecological Compensation Mechanism and Compensation Standard

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinren Luo ◽  
Yizhi Sun ◽  
Yihu Zhao ◽  
Qinyao Fu ◽  
Jiayin Li
Keyword(s):  
Existence And Uniqueness ◽  
Central Government ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Compensation Model ◽  
Final Offer ◽  
Compensation Mechanisms ◽  
Compensation Standard ◽  
Uniqueness Of Equilibrium ◽  
Compensation Function

Water resources in China’s river basins are scarce, and the pollution that shrouds them is serious. Constant disputes have emerged between the upstream and downstream sectors due to the contamination of river basins. Moreover, China’s research on ecological compensation mechanisms and compensation standards is still immature at present. Thus, this study establishes a compensation model and introduces the compensation coefficient K, including the compensation coefficient K1 between the upstream and downstream governments and the compensation coefficient K2 between the upstream government and the central government. This paper adopts the Bargain Game Model and obtains the value of K2 through the decision-making process between the central government and the upstream local government. In addition, amendment to the final offer arbitration law is used to acquire the value of K1 by proving the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium. Then, this paper takes the Taohe River Basin as an example and combines the compensation model to analyze, using the simplified compensation function to determine the amount of emission pollution from upstream to downstream and the compensation that upstream should receive.

scholarly journals Ecological Compensation Standard of a Water-Receiving Area in an Inter-Basin Water Diversion Based on Ecosystem Service Value and Public Willingness: A Case Study of Beijing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5236
Author(s):  
Zhuoyue Peng ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Maohua Ding ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Xi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Ecosystem Service Value ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Service Value ◽  
Ecological Service ◽  
Compensation Mechanisms ◽  
Compensation Standard ◽  
Basin Water

Ecological compensation has recently gained significant attention as an economic incentive promoting natural resource management. However, there remain several challenges to its application. A key issue is the lack of a method clearly define the standard of ecological compensation. This study established an accounting methodology for the ecological compensation standard for the water-receiving area in an inter-basin water diversion in China. Beijing, a major water-receiving area of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, was used as an example of the application of this approach. First, the evaluation index of ecosystem service value of the water-receiving area was selected, then, emergy theory was used to calculate the increment of ecological service value based on the characteristics of each indicator. The ecological service value due to the project was calculated to be 3.898 billion RMB, while the willingness-to-pay by the public was estimated at 915 million RMB. Therefore, the increment of ecological service value was the highest standard of compensation, and the public’s willingness-to-pay was the lower limit of ecological compensation. The final compensation standard can be determined through negotiation between suppliers and beneficiaries under the leadership of relevant governments and water-transfer authorities. Thus, this study aimed to provide a scientific basis for the construction of diversified ecological compensation mechanisms and promote sustainable development of the region.

ALMOST ADDITIVE THERMODYNAMIC FORMALISM: SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1147-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIS BARREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Variational Principle ◽  
Existence And Uniqueness ◽  
Gibbs Measures ◽  
Thermodynamic Formalism ◽  
Topological Pressure ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
General Sequences ◽  
Uniqueness Of Equilibrium

This is a survey on recent developments concerning a thermodynamic formalism for almost additive sequences of functions. While the nonadditive thermodynamic formalism applies to much more general sequences, at the present stage of the theory there are no general results concerning, for example, a variational principle for the topological pressure or the existence of equilibrium or Gibbs measures (at least without further restrictive assumptions). On the other hand, in the case of almost additive sequences, it is possible to establish a variational principle and to discuss the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium and Gibbs measures, among several other results. After presenting in a self-contained manner the foundations of the theory, the survey includes the description of three applications of the almost additive thermodynamic formalism: a multifractal analysis of Lyapunov exponents for a class of nonconformal repellers; a conditional variational principle for limits of almost additive sequences; and the study of dimension spectra that consider simultaneously limits into the future and into the past.

scholarly journals On the Existence and Uniqueness of Equilibrium in the Bottleneck Model with Atomic Users

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 863-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo E. Silva ◽  
Robin Lindsey ◽  
André de Palma ◽  
Vincent A. C. van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Existence And Uniqueness ◽  
Bottleneck Model ◽  
Uniqueness Of Equilibrium

EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS OF EQUILIBRIUM IN ASYMMETRIC CONTESTS WITH ENDOGENOUS PRIZES

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350005 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHUMEI HIRAI ◽  
FERENC SZIDAROVSZKY
Keyword(s):  
Nash Equilibrium ◽  
Existence And Uniqueness ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Pure Nash Equilibrium ◽  
Asymmetric Contests ◽  
Uniqueness Of Equilibrium

This paper considers contests in which the efforts of the players determine the value of the prize. Players may have different valuations of the prize and different abilities to convert expenditures to productive efforts. In addition, players may face different financial constraints. This paper presents a proof for the existence and uniqueness of a pure Nash equilibrium in asymmetric contests with endogenous prizes.

scholarly journals Equilibrium states for a class of skew products

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 3030-3050
Author(s):  
MARIA CARVALHO ◽  
SEBASTIÁN A. PÉREZ
Keyword(s):  
Existence And Uniqueness ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
American Mathematical Society ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Equilibrium States ◽  
Axiom A ◽  
Skew Products ◽  
Pure Mathematics ◽  
Partially Hyperbolic ◽  
Uniqueness Of Equilibrium

We consider skew products on $M\times \mathbb{T}^{2}$, where $M$ is the two-sphere or the two-torus, which are partially hyperbolic and semi-conjugate to an Axiom A diffeomorphism. This class of dynamics includes the open sets of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}$-non-stable systems introduced by Abraham and Smale [Non-genericity of Ł-stability. Global Analysis (Proceedings of Symposia in Pure Mathematics, XIV (Berkeley 1968)). American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1970, pp. 5–8.] and Shub [Topological Transitive Diffeomorphisms in$T^{4}$ (Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 206). Springer, Berlin, 1971, pp. 39–40]. We present sufficient conditions, both on the skew products and the potentials, for the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium states, and discuss their statistical stability.

An ecological compensation standard based on emergy theory for the Xiao Honghe River Basin

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1463-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinjian Guan ◽  
Moyu Chen ◽  
Caihong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Ecological Economic ◽  
Compensation Standard ◽  
Value Of Water

The calculation of an ecological compensation standard is an important, but also difficult aspect of current ecological compensation research. In this paper, the factors affecting the ecological–economic system in the Xiao Honghe River Basin, China, including the flow of energy, materials, and money, were calculated using the emergy analysis method. A consideration of the relationships between the ecological–economic value of water resources and ecological compensation allowed the ecological–economic value to be calculated. On this basis, the amount of water needed for dilution was used to develop a calculation model for the ecological compensation standard of the basin. Using the Xiao Honghe River Basin as an example, the value of water resources and the ecological compensation standard were calculated using this model according to the emission levels of the main pollutant in the basin, chemical oxygen demand. The compensation standards calculated for the research areas in Xipin, Shangcai, Pingyu, and Xincai were 34.91 yuan/m3, 32.97 yuan/m3, 35.99 yuan/m3, and 34.70 yuan/m3, respectively, and such research output would help to generate and support new approaches to the long-term ecological protection of the basin and improvement of the ecological compensation system.

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