Sedimentological and Grain Size Characteristics of Two Lake Cores from Himachal Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Neha Kholia ◽  
Bahadur Singh Kotlia ◽  
David Porinchu ◽  
Kamini Bisht ◽  
Anupam Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Grain Size Parameters ◽  
Lake Cores

Two lake cores from Khajjiar (length 746 cm) and Rewalsar lakes (length 647 cm) in Himachal Pradesh (India) were retrieved to understand the sedimentological characteristics and variation in grain size distribution. Both the lake cores are Upper Holocene in age. The Rewalsar lake sediments are composed predominantly of silt with small amounts of clay, whereas the Khajjiar sediments contain sand, silt and clay and both cores have high carbonaceous matter. The standard deviation ranges from 0.88 ϕ to 2.56 ϕ for Khajjiar lake and from 0.957 ϕ to 2.264 ϕ for Rewalsar lake, indicating poorly to very poorly sorted core sediments. The values of the Kurtosis vary between 0.678 ϕ and 1.205 ϕ for Khajjiar lake and from 0.8 ϕ to 1.2.4 ϕ for Rewalsar lake, viewing platykurtic to leptokurtic nature. Further, the skewness value ranges from -0.097 ϕ to 0.240 ϕ for Khajjiar lake and 0.079 ϕ to 0.25 ϕ for Rewalsar lake revealing fine to symmetrical skewness model. The bivariate plots by using the grain-size parameters were also interpreted. The Total Organic Carbon (TOC) is higher in the Khajjiar lake sediments (0.9 to 31.2%; av. 10.6%), compared to that in the Rewalsar lake sediments (1.0 to 9.0; av. 2.6%). The sedimentological characteristics indicate that the energy conditions were linked to the climatic conditions prevailing in the area. In general, the Khajjiar lake core is composed of relatively coarser sediments and more affected by arid conditions while the fine fraction of the Rewalsar shows the consequence of lower energy conditions. The Khajjiar lake shows the transition from fluctuating conditions (zone 1) to humid (zone 2) to arid (zone 3), while the Rewalsar shows the change from fluctuating (zone 1) to humid conditions (zones 2 and 3). The similarity between zone 1 and 2 of both the lake profiles shows that both lakes have experienced similar climatic conditions during the deposition, revealing domination of fluctuating and arid conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of Rootstocks on Blade Nutritional Content of Two Minority Grapevine Varieties Cultivated under Hyper-Arid Conditions in Northern Chile

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez ◽  
Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa ◽  
Emilio Villalobos-Soublett ◽  
Andrés Zurita-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
High K ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Nutritional Imbalance

In the 90s, as in other countries, transformation of Chilean viticulture brought about the introduction and spread of European grapevine varieties which has resulted in a massive loss of minor local and autochthonous grapevine varieties traditionally grown in several wine growing regions. Fortunately, in recent years, autochthonous and minority varieties have been revalued due to their high tolerance to pests and diseases and because of their adaptation to thermal and water stress triggered by global warming. In this study, we assessed the nutritional status of two autochthonous grapevines grafted onto four different rootstocks under the hyper-arid climatic conditions of Northern Chile over three consecutive seasons. The results showed that R32 rootstock induced high N, P, Ca, Mg and Mn levels in blades compared to Harmony rootstock. R32 rootstock and to a lesser extent, 1103 Paulsen and 140 Ruggeri rootstocks kept balanced levels of nutrients in blades collected from Moscatel Amarilla and Moscatel Negra grapevine varieties. Additionally, Harmony presented slight nutritional imbalance compared to the rest of studied rootstocks due to its low absorption of Mg, Mn, Ca and P, and its high K absorption, which was exacerbated under warm weather and salinity soil conditions. These results may provide a basis for specific cultivar/rootstock/site combinations, a nutritional guide for the viticulturists of Northern Chile, and options to diversify their production favoring the use of minority and autochthonous varieties that adapt well to hyper-arid conditions of Northern Chile.

Grain-size parameters of marine sediments

Oceanology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-439
Author(s):  
T. N. Alekseeva ◽  
V. N. Sval’nov
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Grain Size Parameters

scholarly journals Evaluation of adaptive capacity of genotypes of spring cereals in arid conditions of the Astrakhan region

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Valentina Aleksandrovna Fedorova ◽  
Nina Alekseevna Naumova ◽  
Ekaterina Vasylyevna Yachmeneva ◽  
Yulia Pavlovna Tarasenkova
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Biological Plasticity

Objects of research were: spring wheat Saratovskaya 70-st, Cardinal, 3 Curenta, Madam, Nil avocet yr7's, Angarida; spring barley Ratnik-st, Medium 135, grace, Vakula, Brassa; spring oats Showjumping-st, Leo, Bulan, Kuranin. As a result of the study of these varieties of spring crops, the most adapted to local soil and climatic conditions samples were identified. The selected samples were distinguished by high biological plasticity, growth and development rates, maximum use of moisture, as well as the ability to form high grain yields.

scholarly journals SEDIMENTÁRNĚ-GEOLOGICKÉ STUDIUM VYBRANÝCH KVARTÉRNÍCH SEDIMENTŮ V OKOLÍ BRNĚNSKÉ PŘEHRADY

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Mikulík ◽  
Slavomír Nehyba ◽  
František Hubatka
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Quaternary Deposits ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Fluvial Deposits ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Loess Deposits ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
Grain Size Fractions

Outcrops of Quaternary deposits are lining banks of the Brno dam. One of them is situated on the left bank ~ 250 m NW of the Osada pier. The sedimentary profile of Pleistocene deposits is composed of fluvial deposits of the Paleo – Svratka River covered by colluvial and eolian (loess) deposits. Alternation of various facies and various grain-size fractions reveals alternation of more or less arid conditions and also evolution of the surrounding landscape.

Sedimentological and Geochemical Charectesization of Manaveli and Cuddalore Formations, Puducherry Basin, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-130
Author(s):  
Shyam Narayan Mude ◽  
Shyam Yawale ◽  
Vishal Choudhari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Element Geochemistry ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Index

Sedimentological and Geochemical Charectesization  of Manaveli and Cuddalore Formations, Puducherry Basin, India   Shyam N. Mude, Shyam Yawale and Vishal Choudhari   Department of Geology, Fergusson College (Autonomous), Pune- 411004, India Email: [email protected]; [email protected]   Abstract: The lithostratigraphically rocks of Puducherry basin (Sub-basin of Cauvery Basin) have been classified as Valudavur, Mettuveli, Karasur, Manaveli, Cuddalore formations in ascending order of deposition. The sedimentological and geochemical studies of sediments from Manavali (Paleocene) and Cuddalore (Mio-Pliocene) formations were carried out to understand grain size variation and distribution of major oxides and trace elements.  The sieve analysis was used to study grain size variation and on the basis of grain sizes various geo-statistical parameters were calculated to understand depositional environment. The discriminant function analysis of the sediments from the Cuddalore Formation infers that mostly the sedimentation was occurred in fluvio-deltaic environment with incursions of shallow marine environment whereas bivariate plots suggests that the deposition was occurred in riverine to deltaic environment. The major element geochemistry of the Manaveli and Cuddalore formations have been carried out to understand the provenance, paleoclimate and source area weathering conditions. The values of CIA (Chemical Index of Alteration), CIW (Chemical Index of Weathering), ICV (Index of Compositional Variability) and PIA (Plagioclase Index of Alteration) of the sediments infer high weathering was occurred in source area of sediments for Manaveli and Cuddalore formations.  The ratio (Al2O3+K2O+Na2O)/SiO2 indicate semi-humid climatic conditions during deposition of Cuddalore Formation whereas Manaveli Formation was deposited in semi-arid climatic conditions. The discriminant function diagram (A-CN-K Plot), suggest Quartzose sedimentary provenance for Cuddalore and Mafic igneous provenance for Manaveli Formation.     Keywords:  Grain Size, Geochemistry, Manaveli, Cuddalore, Puducherry Basin

Paleoenvironmental context of the evolution of the Baodun Culture at Chengdu Plain, Sichuan Province, China

The Holocene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1731-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Huang ◽  
Cheng Zhu ◽  
Chunmei Ma ◽  
Kunyu He ◽  
Jiajia Xu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Chengdu Plain ◽  
Minjiang River ◽  
Archeological Evidence ◽  
Better Than

The Baodun Culture (4600–3700 a BP) is currently the earliest archeological culture found at the Chengdu Plain in southwestern China. Archeological evidence has shown that the Baodun Culture likely originated from the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, with two possible routes for human migration into the lower Chengdu Plain proposed: (1) At about 5000 a BP, favorable climatic conditions in the upper reaches of the Minjiang stimulated the growth of populations and the development of agriculture in the region. Due to this shift, some groups expanded from the upper Minjiang River to sites in the northern area of the Chengdu Plain, such as the Guiyuanqiao site; (2) during 4800–4300 a BP, a drying event occurred in the upper regions of the river valley causing a reduction in agricultural harvests and the migration of populations into sites – including the Baodun site – from this area of the Minjiang to the southwest piedmont of the Chengdu Plain. A multi-facetted study of the T3321 profile at Baodun site, including pollens, grain size, and geochemistry, demonstrates that after 6000 a BP, the climate of the Chengdu Plain shifted from cool, toward warmer and dryer conditions. However, as the Chengdu Plain is located in an alluvial fan, hydrothermal conditions here are still generally better than those in the upper reaches of Minjiang River. A change in the proportion of Concentricystes seen in the profile T3321 also indicates that after 4700 a BP, the lake and marsh areas associated with the Baodun site further decreased. However, as a result of this reduction, more terrestrial surfaces were exposed, providing favored space for Baodun Cultural groups in the area of the site. Due to such conditions, by about 4600 cal. a BP, people in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River had primarily moved to the southwest piedmont regions of the Chengdu Plain.

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