scholarly journals Multicriteria Decision Support Would Avoid Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vije Kumar Rajput ◽  
Jack Dowie ◽  
Mette Kjer Kaltoft
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Multicriteria Decision ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Support ◽  
Sensitive Individual

Population-level studies confirm the existence of significant rates of overdiagnosis and overtreatment in a number of conditions, particularly those for which the screening of asymptomatic individuals is routine. The implication is that the possibility of being overdiagnosed and/or overtreated must be mentioned as a possible harm in generating informed consent and participation from the individual invited to be screened. But how should the rates of such preference-insensitive population-level phenomena be introduced into preference-sensitive individual decision making? Three possible strategies are rejected, including the currently dominant one that involves presenting the rates relevant to overdiagnosis and overtreatment as discrete pieces of information about a single criterion (typically condition-specific mortality). Extensive quotation from a review of cancer decision aids confirms that processing this complex and isolated information is not a practical approach. However, the task is unnecessary, since an outcome-focused multicriteria decision support tool will incorporate the effects of overdiagnosis and overtreatment – along with the effects of any underdiagnosis and undertreatment.

scholarly journals Decision Support Tool for Operational Planning of Field Operations

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Søndergaard Nilsson ◽  
Kun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Operational Planning ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Vehicle Capacity ◽  
Alternative Solutions

Precision Farming (PF) and Controlled Traffic Farming (CTF) are well known concepts within agriculture, but the adoption rate of these practices by farmers is still very low, because farmers lack the needed skills or fail to see the benefits of using these practices. If farmers want to reap the full benefits, operational planning must be carried out in advance for the entire crop cycle, before the crop season begins. However, operational planning across the entire crop cycle is a non-trivial task, since the efficiency of each operation is determined by a range of selected operational features (e.g., wayline direction, operational speed, vehicle capacity, wayline sequence, and turn type). To that end, we present, in this paper, an application that can support farmers with operational planning of field operations with CTF, by automating the process. It provides the farmer with an overview of all his field operations, and acts as a decision support tool during the operational planning process. The application allows farmers to store and manage field and equipment information, which is used as input, when setting up CTF and generating way lines and route plans for the individual fields. One of the key benefits of the application is the provided comparison feature, where farmers can compare alternative solutions, based on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Results from an example field, for operations with different machine setups, are presented to illustrate how KPIs and visualisations can support farmers during the decision process.

scholarly journals A new multicriteria decision support tool based on Fuzzy SWARA and TOPSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Hichem Brahmi ◽  
◽  
Taicir Loukil Moalla ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Multicriteria Decision ◽  
A Company ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Support

The problem of selecting 3PL (Third Party Logistics) suppliers is a major issue in the management of the supply chain and the improvement of the production management of a manufacturing company. A 3PL supplier can be defined as a company that provides contract logistics services to a manufacturer, supplier or main user of a product or service. It is called a third party because the logistics provider does not own the products but participates in the supply chain between the manufacturer and the user of a given product. In actual cases, several decision-makers intervene in the selection of 3PL suppliers and each one has his own points of view and wishes to take into account criteria which are not generally the same for all the decision-makers. Furthermore, the criteria have different weights. In this study, we propose a method to solve this problem. It consists of a combination of the fuzzy Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method with the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The objective is to optimize the decision-making process and have another, more dynamic model and satisfy the needs of the decision-maker. Fuzzy SWARA is one of the new methods being used for ranking evaluation criteria based on decision makers’ expected degree of importance to determine the weights of evaluation criteria (Selçuk, 2019). This method can be used to facilitate estimation of decision makers’ preferences regarding the meaning of attributes in the weight determination process. TOPSIS is a multi-criteria method for identifying solutions from a finite set of alternatives (Behzadian et al., 2012). To the best of our knowledge, this combination has not been developed in the literature, especially in the third-party logistic problems. The proposed model will be implemented to solve a 3PL problem of a company selling steel products. Keywords: multicriteria decision support, 3PL suppliers, Fuzzy SWARA, TOPSIS

scholarly journals Multicriteria decision-support system to assess the potential of exclosure-based conservation in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kefyalew Sahle Kibret ◽  
Amare Haileslassie ◽  
Wolde Mekuria Bori ◽  
Petra Schmitter
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Support

Abstract Land degradation is a global challenge that affects lives and livelihoods in many communities. Since 1950, about 65% of Africa's cropland, on which millions of people depend, has been affected by land degradation caused by mining, poor farming practices and illegal logging. One-quarter of the land area of Ethiopia is severely degraded. As part of interventions to restore ecosystem services, exclosures have been implemented in Ethiopia since the 1980s. But the lack of tools to support prioritization and more efficient targeting of areas for large-scale exclosure-based interventions remains a challenge. Within that perspective, the overarching objectives of the current study were: (i) to develop a Geographic Information System-based multicriteria decision-support tool that would help in the identification of suitable areas for exclosure initiatives; (ii) to provide spatially explicit information, aggregated by river basin and agroecology, on potential areas for exclosure interventions and (iii) to conduct ex-ante analysis of the potential of exclosure areas for improving ecosystem services in terms of increase in above-ground biomass (AGB) production and carbon storage. The results of this study demonstrated that as much as 10% of Ethiopia's land area is suitable for establishing exclosures. This amounts to 11 million hectares (ha) of land depending on the criteria used to define suitability for exclosure. Of this total, a significant proportion (0.5–0.6 million ha) is currently under agricultural land-use systems. In terms of propriety river basins, we found that the largest amount of suitable area for exclosures falls in the Abay (2.6 million ha) and Tekeze (2.2 million ha) river basins, which are hosts to water infrastructure such as hydropower dams and are threatened by siltation. Ex-ante analysis of ecosystem services indicated that about 418 million tons of carbon can be stored in the AGB through exclosure land use. Ethiopia has voluntarily committed to the Bonn Challenge to restore 15 million ha of degraded land by 2025. The decision-support tool developed by the current study and the information so generated go toward supporting the planning, implementation and monitoring of these kinds of local and regional initiatives.

Long-Term Care Counselor: An Electronic Decision-Support Tool

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Polniaszek ◽  
Christopher Klinger
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
National Council ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
The Individual

With the American population aging at a steady pace, the need to help individuals, families, and aging/health care professionals in making often-difficult long-term care decisions is increasing. Finding accurate, impartial information is also critically important, especially information that is personalized to the individual rather than for the general public. The Long-Term Care Counselor (LTCC) is a free and confidential, web-based, decision-support tool developed by The National Council on the Aging (NCOA) to meet this particular need. It is part of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service’s (CMS) long-term care information initiative and is found via the official Medicare website at http://www.medicare.gov/longtermcare/static/ltccounselor.asp. The LTCC helps individuals, caregivers, and professionals to find information relevant to particular circumstances based on the age, health, level of activity, finances, or personal preferences of the person.

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