Influence of Visual, Vestibular, Cervical, and Somatosensory Tilt Information on Ocular Rotation and Perception of the Horizontal

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Bernd de Graaf ◽  
Harold Bekkering ◽  
Corrie Erasmus ◽  
Willem Bles
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Body Tilt ◽  
Neck Proprioception ◽  
Visual Frame ◽  
Trunk Tilt

By combining a tilting chair and a tilting room we investigated the subjective horizontal (SH) and ocular counterrotation (OCR) as a function of body tilt, trunk tilt, and tilt of a visual frame. Significant influences of (isolated or combined) vestibular and visual information were found, but no influence of neck proprioception. A second and similar experiment, however, now conducted with subjects devoid of labyrinthine function, suggested a contribution of the neck as well as of somatosensory origin. This made a reinter-pretation of our data for normal subjects possible.

The Contribution of Motion, the Visual Frame, and Visual Polarity to Sensations of Body Tilt

Perception ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 753-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian P Howard ◽  
Laura Childerson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tilt ◽  
Large Sphere ◽  
Visual Frame ◽  
Roll Axis ◽  
Full Head ◽  
Almost All

Three types of visual information contribute to the sense of self orientation with respect to gravity: visual polarity of objects with a distinct top and bottom, the principal vertical and horizontal lines of the visual environment, and visual motion. Three visual displays were designed to investigate the contribution of each visual feature to illusory self tilt: a large sphere lined with dots, a cubic room lined with dots, and a furnished room with floor and ceiling. In experiment 1 the dotted room and the furnished room were tilted to various angles about the roll axis of the erect subject who set a visual line and an unseen rod to the apparent vertical. In the dotted room, settings were made either with respect to the nearest surface to the horizontal or with respect to the nearest diagonal of the room. In the furnished room, settings were made with respect to the nearest horizontal wall but not with respect to diagonals. In experiment 2 each of the three displays was rotated at constant velocity and subjects' responses were classified into four categories: illusory self tilt at a constant angle, alternating self tilt with the body becoming erect each time a surface became horizontal, continuous head-over-heels self rotation, and a feeling that the body was supine. Almost all responses were of constant tilt in the sphere. Constant and alternating tilt were the most common responses in the dotted room. In the furnished room 60% of subjects experienced full head-over-heels self rotation.

Increased Visual Dependence in Parkinson's Disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1106-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Philippe Azulay ◽  
Serge Mesure ◽  
Bernard Amblard ◽  
Jean Pouget
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Visual Control ◽  
Subjective Vertical ◽  
Visual Vertical ◽  
Visual Dependence

The present study tested the hypothesis that there is increased visual dependence perceptually in patients with Parkinson's disease. We also evaluated whether the visual control of posture and locomotion was related to perceptual visual field dependence. 21 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and 22 age-matched normal subjects were compared on judgment of the visual vertical using the Rod-and-Frame test with visual perturbations in the frontal plane with a tilted frame. Patients had significantly larger errors than controls in the estimation of the subjective vertical. In the same experiment, we performed a posture and a gait analysis in both groups. Posturographic evaluation did not indicate significant differences in unsteadiness between patients and controls. Gait analysis indicated a typical pattern of reduced velocity, shortened stride length, and normal step width. A significant correlation of .89 was found only in the Parkinsonian group between their errors in estimating subjective visual vertical and the Romberg quotient evaluating visual contribution to postural control. No specific locomotor pattern was correlated with visual dependence. Considering our results and previous reports on the visual control of posture, we conclude that patients with Parkinson's disease showed a significantly increased dependence upon visual information both perceptually and motorically, with an increased perceptual visual dependence in the patients being predictive of an equivalent visual dependence or visual control of posture and equilibrium.

Schizophrenia and Spectral Analysis of the Visual Evoked Potential

1984 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Jutai ◽  
J. H. Gruzelier ◽  
J. F. Connolly ◽  
R. Manchanda ◽  
S. R. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Power Spectral Analysis ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Visual Evoked

SummaryPower spectral analysis was performed on the visual evoked potentials (VEPs) recorded in response to flashes of different intensity in both unmedicated schizophrenic and normal subjects. At occipital locations (01, 02), schizophrenics showed less power than normals in the 10–14 Hz frequency range. In the 18–22 Hz range, schizophrenics showed under-activation in the left hemisphere and over-activation in the right. At temporal locations (T3, T4), schizophrenics showed abnormal (left greater than right) hemisphere patterns of activation in 10–14 Hz and 18–22 Hz ranges. There were no group differences in relationships between power and intensity changes at vertex (Cz). The results suggest abnormal cortical-subcortical interactions during analysis of visual information in schizophrenia.

Subjective visual horizontal in the upright posture and asymmetry in roll-tilt perception: Independent measures of vestibular function

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Arne Tribukait
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Body Tilt ◽  
Lateral Tilt ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Measures Of Asymmetry ◽  
The Right

The subjective visual horizontal (SVH) was measured in the upright position and at 10, 20, and 30 degrees of head and body tilt to the right and left. Normal subjects (n=25) were tested on two separate occasions with an interval of 1–14 days. Test variables considered were the SVH in the upright position, the perception of tilt to the right and left, calculated on the basis of the SVH in the upright and tilted positions, and the asymmetry in tilt perception. There was no correlation between the perception of tilt to the right and to the left r=0.10). Neither was there any correlation between the SVH in the upright position, representing a resting asymmetry, and the asymmetry in tilt perception, i.e. the response asymmetry (r=0.17). However, for each variable, there was a high correspondence between data obtained at test and retest (r ranged from 0.68 to 0.89, p<0.001), suggesting that the independence between variables is not due to noise. Findings are discussed taking into consideration the possible roles of otoliths and semicircular canals in the formation of the SVH. In an attempt to explain the independence between the two measures of asymmetry it is hypothesized that while the otoliths must be essential for the perception of static lateral tilt, the SVH in the upright position to a considerable degree reflects semicircular canal function.

Effects of multi-directional vibrotactile feedback on vestibular-deficient postural performance during continuous multi-directional support surface perturbations

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 273-285
Author(s):  
K.H. Sienko ◽  
M.D. Balkwill ◽  
L.I.E. Oddsson ◽  
C. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Body Tilt ◽  
Support Surface ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Vibrotactile Feedback ◽  
Vestibular Loss ◽  
Trunk Sway ◽  
Trunk Tilt

Single-axis vibrotactile feedback of trunk tilt provided in real-time has previously been shown to significantly reduce the root-mean-square (RMS) trunk sway in subjects with vestibular loss during single-axis perturbation. This research examines the effect of multi-directional vibrotactile feedback on postural sway during continuous multi-directional surface perturbations when the subjects' eyes are closed. Eight subjects with vestibular loss donned a multi-axis feedback device that mapped body tilt estimates onto their torsos with a 3-row by 16-column array of tactile actuators (tactors). Tactor row indicated tilt magnitude and tactor column indicated tilt direction. Root-mean-square trunk tilt, elliptical fits to trunk sway trajectory areas, percentage of time spent outside a no vibrotactile feedback zone, RMS center of pressure, and anchoring index parameters indicating intersegmental coordination were used to assess the efficacy of the multi-directional vibrotactile balance aid. Four tactor display configurations in addition to the tactors off configuration were evaluated. Subjects had significantly reduced RMS trunk sway, significantly smaller elliptical fits of the trajectory area, and spent significantly less time outside of the no feedback zone in the tactors on versus the tactors off configuration. Among the displays evaluated in this study, there was not an optimal tactor column configuration for standing tasks involving continuous surface perturbations. Furthermore, subjects performed worse when erroneous information was displayed. Therefore, a spatial resolution of 90° (4 columns) seems to be as effective as a spatial resolution of 22.5° (16 columns) for control of standing.

The Design of a Cell-Phone Based Balance-Training Device

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Kim ◽  
K. H. Sienko
Keyword(s):  
Cell Phone ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Body Tilt ◽  
Training Device ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Audio Amplifier ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Trunk Tilt ◽  
Balance Rehabilitation

Postural imbalance can result from various vestibular (central and peripheral), neurological, orthopedic, and vascular disorders, as well as sensory conflicts, head injuries, infections, medications, and aging. Balance rehabilitation has been shown to improve the quality of life of individuals with balance disorders by facilitating the development of compensatory strategies which mitigate dizziness, improve balance, and increase the ability to perform activities of daily living. The goal of this work is to design a cell phone based balance training device that can be used in the home to assist a patient with therapist-assigned balance exercises or in an environment where access to balance therapy is limited (i.e., rural regions in the developing world). The prototype comprises an iPhone (iPhone SDK, Apple), an auxiliary pager motor (Samsung GH31-00154C), and an audio amplifier (Analog Devices SSM2301). Body motion is detected by on-board tri-axial accelerometers, and a tilt estimate is computed using a low-pass filter. The phone's native pager motor and an auxiliary pager motor are used to provide real-time vibrotactile cues of body tilt along a single axis. The phone is worn on the small of the back to provide anterior-posterior vibrotactile trunk tilt feedback during stance, and worn near the right hip to provide medial-lateral vibrotactile trunk tilt feedback during gait. Auditory files direct the user through a series of standard balance rehabilitation exercises. A summary of the user's performance is displayed on the phone's screen following completion of the exercise.

Binocular Counterrolling during Sustained Body Tilt in Normal Humans and in a Patient with Unilateral Vestibular Nerve Section

1982 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley G. Diamond ◽  
Charles H. Markham ◽  
Nobuhiko Furuya
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Vestibular Nerve ◽  
Body Tilt ◽  
Nerve Section ◽  
Slow Velocity ◽  
Normal Humans ◽  
Ocular Counterrolling

Two normal persons and a patient with unilateral vestibular nerve section were held motionless for ten minutes in the upright position, at 60° tilt right ear down, and at 60° tilt left ear down. In addition, one normal subject was held for ten minutes at each of 30, 60, and 90° tilt left ear down. Photographs were taken of both eyes every ten seconds. Measurements of ocular counterrolling during these trials revealed torsional eye movements in all positions, including the upright, even though the head and body were stationary. Variations in torsion in the upright position ranged up to 2.75°. At the tilt positions, variations ranged up to 4°. Disconjugate movements were seen in all subjects in all positions. There were no significant differences in measurements of ocular counterrolling during static tilt between the normal subjects and the patient with the vestibular nerve section, in contrast to measures obtained during slow velocity dynamic testing.

Fusion of Visual and Vestibular Tilt Cues in the Perception of Visual Vertical

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 1321-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. A. Vingerhoets ◽  
M. De Vrijer ◽  
J. A. M. Van Gisbergen ◽  
W. P. Medendorp
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Test Line ◽  
Body Tilt ◽  
Complete Darkness ◽  
Frame Effect ◽  
Weighted Fusion ◽  
Symmetrical Pattern ◽  
Line Parallel ◽  
Visual Frame ◽  
Visual Vertical

We investigated the effect of visual and vestibular body-tilt cues on the subjective visual vertical (SVV) in six human observers at roll tilts of 0, 60, and 120°. Subjects adjusted a small luminous test line parallel to the perceived direction of gravity, in the presence of a large peripheral visual frame line. These settings, referred to as the frame SVV, were compared with the SVV in complete darkness (dark SVV). The frame SVV was virtually identical to the dark SVV for frame lines parallel or orthogonal to the dark SVV. Away from these neutral positions, the frame induced a periodic SVV modulation, which was small in upright observers, but became quite pronounced when subjects were tilted. For upright, where the dark SVV was very accurate, the frame SVV showed errors in both directions, following a roughly symmetrical pattern. At 120° tilt, where the dark SVV invariably showed tilt undercompensation (A-effect), the frame effect became asymmetrical, with a stronger tendency to improve than to worsen accuracy. We tested whether our findings could be explained by two spatial orientation models: Mittelstaedt's idiotropic model and a Bayesian scheme with a stage for the processing of visual cues. Both models show a periodic frame effect that becomes stronger with increasing body tilt and can explain why frame lines parallel or perpendicular to the dark SVV are ineffective. Based on their performance, we conclude that perception of the visual vertical is based on a centrally weighted fusion of visual, vestibular, and egocentric references.

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