scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF POLLUTION WITH NITROGEN OXIDES AIRSPACE TERRITORY KIEV

2021 ◽  
pp. 441-450
Author(s):  
Halyna Tatarchenko
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscles ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Carcinogenic Substances ◽  
City Plan ◽  
The City

The article examines the level of pollution of the territory of the city of Kiev with nitrogen oxides, which is mainly formed by traffic flows on the main roads of the city. According to statistics, on average, one passenger car emits about one kilogram of various toxic and carcinogenic substances into the atmosphere per day. For the human body, nitrogen oxides are even more harmful than carbon monoxide. The general nature of the influence varies depending on the content of various nitrogen oxides: NO, NO2, N2O3, N2O4. Nitric oxide relaxes vascular smooth muscles, is involved in protection against pathogens, is a neurotransmitter, regulates programmed cell death and proliferation, and plays an important role in the secretory and reproductive system. Measurement of the concentration of nitrogen oxides for three days in the center of Kiev on the territory of the park named after Taras Grigorievich Shevchenko, which is surrounded by highways, showed the highest dynamics of changes in the content of the pollutant. The obtained results of calculating the pollution by nitrogen oxides near the main roads are almost ten times different from the data obtained by remote sensing (satellite) and measured at stationary stations, which indicates the excessive anthropogenic load of transport on the environment, especially in the center. Kiev and the need for additional control at points close to the main roads. When deciding on the placement of highways in the city plan, it is necessary to take into account the direction and speed of the wind. if the width of the roadside contamination with a pollutant crosses the border of the residential area, the value of the excess of the MPC standard in the air of the settlement at the calculated point on the border of the residential area should be calculated and protective measures should be provided. 

Effects of Sodium Vanadate on Various Types of Vascular Smooth Muscles

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Shimada ◽  
Keiichi Shimamura ◽  
Satoru Sunano
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscles ◽  
Sodium Vanadate

Gentrification and neighborhood melancholy. Collective sadness and ambivalence in Dortmund’s Hörde district

2021 ◽  
pp. 147447402098725
Author(s):  
Susanne Frank
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Official Discourse ◽  
The Core ◽  
Mixed Feelings ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The City ◽  
The Phoenix

Since 2000, the City of Dortmund has pursued an ambitious flagship project in the district of Hoerde. On the enormous site of a former steel plant, and in the middle of an impoverished working class district, a large new upper-middle class residential area (Phoenix) has been developed around an artificial lake. Qualitative fieldwork suggests that the project has generated mixed feelings among longtime working class dwellers in the old part of Hoerde. Widespread enthusiasm about new lakeside living is interwoven with emotions of sadness and loss, reflecting a neighborhood transformation which unmistakably demonstrates their social, cultural, and political marginalization – feelings that were not allowed to become part of the jubilant official discourse which has marketed the Phoenix project as a shining example of the City’s successful post-industrial structural change. Ever since its announcement, the project has been blamed for triggering gentrification processes – despite the fact that there are still no empirical signs of rising rents or displacement. I argue that the concept of gentrification has been taken up so readily because it is popular, polyvalent, polemical, and critical, enabling citizens to find a language to denounce the blatant social inequalities and power imbalances that competitive urbanism has fostered in Dortmund. However, I also claim that the core of the prevailing sadness – the loss of the familiar neighborhood which could not be grieved over – remains under the radar of standard gentrification discourse. The article thus proposes neighborhood melancholy as a concept to account for the unclear, subconscious, and deeply ambivalent ways in which long-established residents experience their neighborhood’s transformation, expressed within the rubric of gentrification.

scholarly journals Modeling of the Bayliss‐Effect in Vascular Smooth Muscles

PAMM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klemens Uhlmann ◽  
Daniel Balzani
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscles ◽  
Bayliss Effect

Plasticity of KIR channels in human smooth muscle cells from internal thoracic artery

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (6) ◽  
pp. H2325-H2334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Karkanis ◽  
Shaohua Li ◽  
J. Geoffrey Pickering ◽  
Stephen M. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Internal Thoracic Artery ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscles ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Regulation Of Proliferation ◽  
Negative Membrane Potential ◽  
Inwardly Rectifying ◽  
Contractile Cells

Inwardly rectifying K+ (KIR) currents are present in some, but not all, vascular smooth muscles. We used patch-clamp methods to examine plasticity of this current by comparing contractile and proliferative phenotypes of a clonal human vascular smooth muscle cell line. Hyperpolarization of cells under voltage clamp elicited a large inward current that was selective for K+ and blocked by Ba2+. Current density was greater in proliferative compared with contractile cells (−4.5 ± 0.9 and −1.4 ± 0.3 pA/pF, respectively; P < 0.001). RT-PCR of mRNA from proliferative cells identified transcripts for Kir2.1 and Kir2.2 but not Kir2.3 potassium channels. Western blot analysis demonstrated greater expression of Kir2.1 protein in proliferative cells, consistent with the higher current density. Proliferative cells displayed a more negative membrane potential than contractile cells (−71 ± 2 and −35 ± 4 mV, respectively; P < 0.001). Ba2+ depolarized all cells, whereas small increases in extracellular K+ concentration elicited hyperpolarization only in contractile cells. Ba2+ inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation, indicating a possible role for KIR channels in the regulation of proliferation. The phenotype-dependent plasticity of KIR channels may have relevance to vascular remodeling.

scholarly journals Hypercapnic Acidosis Activates K ATP Channels in Vascular Smooth Muscles

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 1225-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueren Wang ◽  
Jianping Wu ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Fuxue Chen ◽  
Runping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Hypercapnic Acidosis ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscles

scholarly journals Rhythmic contraction generates adjustable passive stiffness in rabbit detrusor

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atheer M. Almasri ◽  
Paul H. Ratz ◽  
Hersch Bhatia ◽  
Adam P. Klausner ◽  
John E. Speich
Keyword(s):  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Passive Tension ◽  
Passive Stiffness ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscles ◽  
Rhythmic Contraction ◽  
Length Changes ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Adjustable Passive Stiffness

The length-tension ( L-T) relationships in airway and vascular smooth muscles have been shown to adapt with length changes over time. Our prior studies have shown that the active and passive L-T relationships in rabbit detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) can adapt and that DSM exhibits adjustable passive stiffness (APS) characterized by a passive L-T curve that is a function of strain and activation history. The present study demonstrates that passive tension due to APS can represent a substantial fraction of total tension over a broad length range. Our previous studies have shown that maximal KCl-induced contractions at short muscle lengths generate APS that is revealed by increased pseudo-steady-state passive tension at longer lengths compared with previous measurements at those lengths. The objective of the present study was to determine the mechanisms involved in APS generation. Increasing the number of KCl-induced contractions or the duration of a contraction increased the amount of APS generated. Furthermore, a fraction of APS was restored in calcium-free solution and was sensitive to the general serine and threonine protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine. Most importantly, rhythmic contraction (RC) generated APS, and because RC occurs spontaneously in human bladder, a physiological role for RC was potentially identified.

scholarly journals Urban influence on the concentration and composition of submicron particulate matter in central Amazonia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzane S. de Sá ◽  
Brett B. Palm ◽  
Pedro Campuzano-Jost ◽  
Douglas A. Day ◽  
Weiwei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Organic Mass ◽  
The City

Abstract. Fundamental to quantifying the influence of human activities on climate and air quality is an understanding of how anthropogenic emissions affect the concentrations and composition of airborne particulate matter (PM). The central Amazon basin, especially around the city of Manaus, Brazil, has experienced rapid changes in the past decades due to ongoing urbanization. Herein, changes in the concentration and composition of submicron PM due to pollution downwind of the Manaus metropolitan region are reported as part of the GoAmazon2014/5 experiment. A high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and a suite of other gas- and particle-phase instruments were deployed at the T3 research site, 70 km downwind of Manaus, during the wet season. At this site, organic components represented on average 79 ± 7 % of the non-refractory PM1 mass concentration, which was in the same range as several upwind sites. The organic PM1 was, however, considerably more oxidized at T3 compared to upwind measurements. Positive-matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to the time series of organic mass spectra collected at the T3 site, yielding three factors representing secondary processes (73 ± 15 % of total organic mass concentration) and three factors representing primary anthropogenic emissions (27 ± 15 %). Fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM) was applied to the afternoon time series of concentrations of NOy, ozone, total particle number, black carbon, and sulfate. Four clusters were identified and characterized by distinct airmass origins and particle compositions. Two clusters, Bkgd-1 and Bkgd-2, were associated with background conditions. Bkgd-1 appeared to represent near-field atmospheric PM production and oxidation of a day or less. Bkgd-2 appeared to represent material transported and oxidized for two or more days, often with out-of-basin contributions. Two other clusters, Pol-1 and Pol-2, represented the Manaus influence, one apparently associated with the northern region of Manaus and the other with the southern region of the city. A composite of the PMF and FCM analyses provided insights into the anthropogenic effects on PM concentration and composition. The increase in mass concentration of submicron PM ranged from 25 % to 200 % under polluted compared to background conditions, including contributions from both primary and secondary PM. Furthermore, a comparison of PMF factor loadings for different clusters suggested a shift in the pathways of PM production under polluted conditions. Nitrogen oxides may have played a critical role in these shifts. Increased concentrations of nitrogen oxides can shift pathways of PM production from HO2-dominant to NO-dominant as well as increase the concentrations of oxidants in the atmosphere. Consequently, the oxidation of biogenic and anthropogenic precursor gases as well as the oxidative processing of pre-existing atmospheric PM can be accelerated. The combined set of results demonstrates the susceptibility of atmospheric chemistry, air quality, and associated climate forcing to anthropogenic perturbations over tropical forests.

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